Mabaka a Matšoao a matsoho, maoto le molomo
Haufi le norovirus , coxsackievirus e ka 'na ea e-ba e' ngoe ea tšoaetso e tšoaetsanoang haholo ea kokoana-hloko eo u e-s'o e utloe. Ntlha ea pele e fumanoeng lilemong tsa bo-1940, ke mofuta oa nonerolio e se nang polio. Sehlopha sena sa likokoana-hloko se boetse se kenyelletsa echoviruses le enteroviruses tse ling (e 'ngoe ea tsona, e leng enterovirus D68 , e bakile tšoaetso ea naha ka bophara ea mafu a ho hema United States a neng a amahanngoa le bokooa bo bobe ba ho holofala).
Leha u ka 'na ua se ke ua tloaelana le coxsackievirus, leha ho le joalo, haeba u e-na le ngoana ho na le menyetla e ntle ea hore u tseba ka tšoaetso le hore na e' ngoe ea lihlopha tsa eona e baka letsoho, maoto le molomo oa molomo (HFMD). Ke tšoaetso e tloaelehileng ea kokoana-hloko ea bongoaneng, e bakoang ke coxsackievirus A16.
Ka kakaretso, ho na le serotypes tse 29 tsa coxsackievirus tse ka bakang tšoaetso ho batho, ho akarelletsa:
- Coxsackievirus A2-8, A10, A12, A14, A16 (mofuta oa Human enterovirus A)
- Coxsackievirus A9 (mofuta oa Human enterovirus B)
- Coxsackievirus B1-6 (mofuta oa Human enterovirus B)
- Coxsackievirus A1, A11, A13, A17, A19-22, A24 (mofuta oa Human enterovirus C)
Ho tloha ka 2007, coxsackievirus A6 e bakile maemong a matla le a maholo a HFMD United States, ho kenyeletsa le batho ba baholo.
Matšoao a sa tšoaneng a Coxsackievirus
Hape, HFMD, e nang le liso tsa molomong le lintlheng tsa matsoho le maoto, ke tloaelo e tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa e bakoang ke coxsackievirus, empa coxsackievirus e boetse e amahanngoa le:
- maloetse a congenital: mafu a ho ima nakong ea bokhachane
- ho fokola ha lesea: ha hoa tloaeleha, empa ho ka bakela mathata a tsoang mali, lefu la sebete, meningitis, meningoencephalitis, myocarditis, le sepsis, joalo-joalo, 'me e totobatsoa ke ho qhoma hohle ha mafu a coxsackievirus B1 ka 2007
- ho lemala haemorrhagic conjunctivitis: Coxsackievirus A24 e ka baka ho phatloha ha leihlo la pinki le ho hemorrhages subconjunctival
- lefu la masapo: Coxsackievirus e ka baka lefu la hepatitis, letšollo le sa phekoleheng, kapa gastroenteritis , le HUS.
- herpangina: e tšoana le HFMD, e nang le liso tsa molomo, empa ntle le lebelo kapa li-blisters liatleng kapa maoto a ngoana
- meningitis
- myopericarditis: ho ruruha le tšenyo ea pelo le mesifa e potolohileng pelo, e ka bakoang ke tšoaetso ea coxsackievirus B1, B2, le B5
- myositis: ho ruruha ha mesifa, e ka bakoang ke mafu a coxsackievirus
- petechial le purpuric li hlasela: haholo-holo ka coxsackievirus A9, e ka ferekanyang le Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP)
- pherekano: lefu la sefuba le hlahang ka tšohanyetso le bakoang ke ho ruruha ha moferefere le ho kopantsoe le tšoaetso ea coxsackievirus
- maloetse a phefumolohang: hangata ka khohlela e bonolo, nko ea mokokotlo, le 'metso' me e ka bakoa ke coxsackievirus A21 le A24 nakong ea likhoeli tsa lehlabula
Li-coxsackievirus li ka boela tsa bakela maloetse a sa tloaelehang le feberu e kang lefu-feberu matsatsi a mabeli ho isa ho a mararo a lateloa ke lebelo ka matsatsi a le mong ho isa ho a mahlano.
Ho makatsang ke hore boholo ba batho ba nang le mafu a coxsackievirus ha ba na matšoao ho hang, 'me ha ho na ente, phekolo, kapa phekolo ea mafu a coxsackievirus ntle le tlhokomelo le tlhokomelo ea ho phekola.
Seo se utloahala se tšosang, empa ka lehlohonolo, mafu a tloaelehileng a coxsackievirus ha a tepe.
Ho fumana le ho qoba mafu a Coxsackievirus
Bana ba ka kula ka mor'a matsatsi a mararo ho isa ho a tšeletseng ka mor'a ho pepesoa ke motho ea nang le tšoaetso ea coxsackievirus (nako ea ho qeta nako ). Ba fumana kokoana-hloko ee joang?
Joaloka mafu a mangata a tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko, coxsackievirus e hasana ka bobeli ba molomo (ho buisana ka ho toba kapa ka tsela e sa tobang le setulo) le phetisetso ea phefumoloho (motho e mong o khohlela kapa oa u soma). Ba ka boela ba fumana tšoaetso ena ka ho ama ntho e litšila (fomite).
Ka mohlala, CDC e re "u ka tšoaetsoa ke ho kopa motho ea nang le matsoho, maotong, le molomo oa molomo kapa ka ho tšoara likooa tse nang le likokoana-hloko ho eona, ebe o ama mahlo, molomo kapa nko."
Leha ho le joalo, hobane bana ba ka tšolla coxsackievirus setulong sa bona le liphiri tsa ho phefumoloha (masapo le liphiri tsa masapo) libeke tse ngata ka mor'a hore matšoao a bona a fetile kapa a se na matšoao, ho hlaha ho ka ba thata ho laola kapa ho qoba.
Mohlomong ke hobane'ng ha hangata ho se na tataiso e tiileng ea ho boloka bana ba sa tsoa sekolong le tlhokomelo ea letsatsi ha ba e-na le HFMD. Ka mohlala, CDC e re "U lokela ho lula lapeng ha u ntse u kula ka letsoho, maoto le molomo oa molomo," eseng hore u lokela ho lula hae ha u na le HFMD. 'Me Texas, Lefapha la Bophelo le re bana ba nang le HFMD ba ea sekolo le tlhokomelo ea mantlha hafeela ba se na feberu.
Ho sa tsotellehe hore na, ho hlatsoa matsoho, ho qoba ho thibela ho phefumoloha, le ho thibela likokoana-hloko hore li silafatsoe ke habohlokoa ho feta leha e le neng pele ho thusa ho qoba ho kula le ho jala mafu ana.
Lintlha Tseo U Lokelang ho li Tseba ka Coxsackievirus
Lintho tse ling tse lokelang ho tseba ka mafu a coxsackievirus li kenyelletsa:
- Linaha tse ling ka linako tse ling li bona linyeoe tse matla haholo tsa HFMD, hangata li bakang enterovirus 71.
- Coxsackievirus ha e nkoe e le kotsi e kholo nakong ea bokhachane, eseng joaloka ea bohlano, le hoja u lokela ho nka mehato e loketseng ea ho itšireletsa 'me u qobe mang kapa mang ea nang le tšoaetso ea HFMD kapa tšoaetso e' ngoe ea coxsackievirus ha u le moimana.
- Le hoja litsebi tse ling li ngangisana, li nahana hore mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere oa mofuta oa mofuta oa 1 o ka amahanngoa le tšoaetso ea pele ea coxsackievirus B.
- Letlalo le homeletsa matsoho le maoto le dystrophies tsa sefako li ka etsahala ka mor'a tšoaetso ea coxsackievirus, haholo-holo coxsackievirus A6. Ho senyeha ha sefate ho etsoa ka ho hlahisa mela ea Beau (li-groove tse tebileng, tse ka hare ho lipekere tsa ngoana), ho senyeha ha lesela, ho lahleheloa ke lipekere tse le 'ngoe kapa ho feta le ho feta likhoeli tse peli ho latela tšoaetso e ka sehloohong.
- Tlhahlobo e ka etsoa bakeng sa mefuta e mengata ea coxsackievirus, ho kenyelletsa le reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) le setso, empa hase ntho e ka etsoang hang-hang kapa ka potlako mosebetsing oa bana. Ka tloaelo ha ho hlokahale ebang.
- Ho phatloha ha mafu a mang a coxsackievirus a atisa ho etsahala lilemong tse tharo ho isa ho tse hlano, ha tse ling li potoloha maemong a tlase selemo le selemo, haholo-holo linaheng tsa tropike. Likarolong tse ling tsa lefats'e, ho kopanyelletsa le US, ho tšoaetsoa ha coxsackievirus ho tloaelehile haholo lehlabula le likhoeli tse oang.
- Ho ba le ts'oaetso le coxsackievirus serotype e sa u fe tšireletso ho mang kapa mang, kahoo u ka khona ho fumana tšoaetso ea coxsackievirus hangata bophelong ba hau. Ho feto-fetoha ha mokokotlo pakeng tsa serotypes ho ka 'na ha fana ka tšireletso, leha ho le joalo.
Lisebelisoa:
Matšoao a Eketsehileng le Maloetse a Matšoao a Macha a Kopaneng a kopantsoeng ke Koxsackievirus B1 Infection. United States. 2007. MMWR. La 23 May, 2008/57 (20); 553-556.
Mandell, Douglas le melao-motheo ea Bennett le mekhoa ea mafu a tšoaetsanoang. Khatiso ea Borobong.
McIntyre MG, le al. Litemana tse tsoang Tšimong: Matšoao a Boima, Maoto le Mouth a Sebetsang le Coxsackievirus A6 - Alabama, Connecticut, California le Nevada, November 2011-February 2012. MMWR. Ka la 30 March, 2012/61 (12); 213-214.
Oberste MS, Gerber SI. Li-enteroviruses le li-parechoviruses. 2014. Ho: Litlhare tse bobebe ho batho, 5th ed .; Kaslow RA, Stanberry LR, LeDuc JW, eds. Springer, New York; leqephe la 225-252.
Buka e khubelu: 2015 Tlaleho ea Komiti ea mafu a tšoaetsanoang. Pickering LK, ed. 30th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2015.
Stewart, et al. Coxsackievirus A6-E entsoeng ka letsoho la maoto-Molomo oa Molomo. JAMA Dermatol . 2013; 149 (12): 1419-1421.