Bonyane 83% ea autism e bakoang ke liphatsa tsa lefutso tse futsitsoeng
Bafuputsi ba 'nile ba lumela hore liphatsa tsa lefutso li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho autism, empa ba bangata ba ne ba kholisehile hore keketseho e khōlō ea likokoana-hloko tsa autism e bakiloe ke litaba tsa tikoloho. Lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao li bontša hore liphatsa tsa lefutso li ka 'na tsa ikarabella ka karolo ea 90 lekholong ea linyeoe tsa autism, le litaba tsa tikoloho li bapala karolo e nyenyane haholo.
Bafuputsi ba Autism ba Bolela'ng ka 'Genetics'?
Ho ea ka Mekhatlo ea Sechaba ea Bophelo: "Liphatsa tsa lefutso ke setsi sa motheo le se sebetsang sa bophelo .
Liphatsa tsa lefutso, tse entsoeng ka DNA, li sebetsa e le litaelo tsa ho etsa limolek'hule tse bitsoang liprotheine. Ho batho, liphatsa tsa lefutso li fapana ka boholo ho tloha ho tse makholo a seng makae tsa DNA ho tloha ho metheo e fetang limilione tse peli. Human Genome Project e hakantse hore batho ba na le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse pakeng tsa 20 000 le 25 000. "Liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa motho li batla li lekana le motho ka bomong. Ha e le hantle, hoo e ka bang karolo ea 1 lekholong ea DNA ea rona e hlalosa kamoo motho a le mong a fapaneng kateng le e mong.
Liphatsa tsa lefutso li na le tšusumetso e tebileng moeeng le kelellong ea rona. Empa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso li futsitsoe ho batsoali ba rona, ha ho tsohle tse fapaneng tsa lefutso. Ke hobane liphetoho tsa lefutso (tse bitsoang liphetoho tsa lefutso) li ka etsahala ho motho a le mong, ha a amane le lefa. Liphetoho tsa lefutso li ka etsahala ka boithatelo (ntle le lebaka leha e le lefe le tsejoang) kapa ka lebaka la ho pepeseha ha tikoloho.
Ha bafuputsi ba autism ba sheba liphatsa tsa lefutso, ba ka 'na ba hlahloba e' ngoe ea lipotso tse sa tšoaneng. Har'a bona:
- Ho isa bohōleng bofe ha autism e futsitsoe ho batsoali?
- Ho isa tekanyong efe li-autism li bakoa ke liphetoho tse sa fetoheng liphatseng tsa lefutso tse sa futsitsoeng?
- Ke liphatsa life tse khethehileng kapa lihlopha tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse etsang hore motho a na le autistic?
- Ke liphetoho tsa mofuta ofe ho liphatsa tsa lefutso ka bomong tse neng li ka hlalosa autism?
- Li-autism li amana joang le ho tsebahala ha liphatsa tsa lefutso tse kang lefu la Fragile X?
- Na liphatsa tse fapaneng li ikarabella ka mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea autism?
- Na ho na le tšusumetso ea tikoloho e bakang liphetoho tsa lefutso tse lebisang autism?
Re Tseba Eng ka Autism le Genetics?
Ka mekhelo e fokolang haholo, bafuputsi ba sitoa ho araba lipotso ka autism le liphatsa tsa lefutso ka tieo. Ha re tsebe, mohlala, hantle hore na liphetoho tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li etsa hore autism e be efe. Ha re tsebe hore na liphetoho tse fapaneng tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li lebisa ho phahameng kapa ho sebetsa ka tlaase ho autism. Ha re tsebe hore na hoa khoneha ho fetola menyetla ea ho rua autism. Ha re tsebe hore na phekolo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka ba le phello e ntle ho batho ba nang le autism.
Mona, leha ho le joalo, ke tse ling tsa seo re se tsebang , ho ea ka NIH:
- ASD e na le tšekamelo ea ho matha malapeng, empa mokhoa oa ho rua o atisa ho tsejoa. Batho ba nang le liphetoho tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse amanang le ASD hangata ba rua kotsing e eketsehileng ea ho hlaolela boemo, ho e-na le ho ba boemong boo.
- Liphetoho tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse fetang 1 000 li tlalehile hore li amahanngoa le ASD, empa palo e kholo ea mekhatlo ena ha e tiisetsoe. Boholo ba liphatsa tsa lefutso bo na le phello e fokolang feela, 'me mefuta e mengata ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka kopana le maemo a kotsi a tikoloho, joalo ka lilemo tsa botsoali, mathata a pelehi, le tse ling tse sa tsejoang, ho fumana kotsi ea motho ea ho hlahisa maemo ana a rarahaneng.
- Hoo e ka bang karolo ea 2 ho ea ho ea 4 lekholong ea batho ba nang le ASD, ho sa tloaelehe ho fetoha ha liphatsa tsa lefutso kapa li-chromosome tse sa tloaelehang ho nahanoa hore ke sesosa sa boemo boo, hangata e le karolo ea li-syndromes tse akarelletsang matšoao le matšoao a mang a amang likarolo tse sa tšoaneng tsa 'mele.
- Ho ea ka phuputso ea morao-rao, boholo ba liphatsa tsa lefutso tse fapaneng tse 2500 li ka amahanngoa le autism. Palo ena e kholo e ile ea sibolloa ka theknoloji e ncha 'me ho bolela hore ho ithuta autism ho fetohile ho rarahane haholo.
Genetics le Tikoloho
Ha ho pelaelo hore maemo a tikoloho a amahanngoa le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse bakang mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea autism. Empa lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao li hlakisa hore maemo a tikoloho ke, ka kakaretso, a patehileng le a rarahaneng.
Ho ea ka Mekhatlo ea Sechaba ea Environmental Health Sciences, ho pepeseha ha tikoloho ho ka eketsa monyetla oa ho ba le autism , empa ha ho tsejoe hore e bakoa ke autism. Li akarelletsa:
- Lilemo tse kholo tsa botsoali nakong ea bokhachane
- Ho pepesehela bongoana pele ho tšilafalo ea moea
- Botenya ba 'mele kapa lefu la tsoekere
- Boemo ba pele ba ho ba le botsitso le boima ba 'mele bo tlaase
- Bothata bofe kapa bofe ba ho tsoaloa ho isa nakong ea ho lahleheloa ke oksijene ea bakhachane ho ea boong ba ngoana
- Ho pepesehela bakuli ba sa le banyenyane likokoanyana tse itseng tsa chefo
- Ho pepesa pele ho lesea ho Valproate kapa Thalidomide
- Ho hloka lijo tsa bokhachane
E ka 'na eaba efe kapa efe ea likokoana-hloko tsena e ama tsela ea lefutso? Likarabo ha li e-s'o tsejoe, le hoja lipatlisiso li ntse li tsoela pele. Rea tseba hore ha ho le e 'ngoe ea lintho tsena tse hlahisang lihlahisoa ke "recipe" ea autism; bana ba bangata ba tsoaloa ke batsoali ba seng ba hōlile, kapa pele ho nako, kapa libakeng tse silafetseng tse seng li-autistic. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore bana ba bang ba nang le bothata ba liphatsa tsa lefutso ba autism ba hlahisitse boloetse bona ka mor'a tlhahiso e itseng ea tikoloho.
Ntho ea Bohlokoa Hakae: Liphatsa tsa lefutso kapa Tikoloho?
Liphuputso tsa 2017 li ile tsa hlahloba potso ea hore na liphatsa tsa lefutso tse futsitsoeng kapa tikoloho ke lisosa tsa bohlokoa tsa autism. Ho feta moo, bopaki bo supa liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ha e le hantle, ho latela phuputso e 'ngoe:
Liphuputso li hlokometse hore Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) e akaretsa malapeng, 'me liphuputso tsa mafahla li hakanya hore palo ea phenotype e fapaneng ka lebaka la liphatsa tsa lefutso (heritability) e ka ba karolo ea 90 lekholong.
Thuputsong e fetileng, HIV e ne e hakanyetsoa e le 0,50, 'me liphetoho tse amanang le tikoloho ea lelapa li bile 0.04. Ho hlalosa ho ba teng kapa ho se be teng ha ASD, thuto e sebelisitse setebi sa data se bōpiloeng ho ela hloko liphello tsa nako-to-event ho data, e ka 'nang eaba e fokotsitse ho lekanyetsa likhaello.
Phuputso e 'ngoe e ileng ea tsosolosa sehlopha sa bana Sweden ho tloha ka 1982 ho fihlela ho 2006 ho akarelletsa mafahla, banab'eso le banab'abo bona ba fumane hore "ts'ebetso ea' autism 'e futsitsoeng e ne e le hoo e ka bang karolo ea 83 lekholong, . "
Ka mantsoe a mang, haeba lithuto tsena li nepahetse, boholo ba autism bo futsitse. Ho fumanoa hona ho na le maikutlo a bohlokoa malapeng a nang le batho ba bangata ba autistic 'me e ka' na ea e-ba ea bohlokoa ho fumana litlhare tse ka 'nang tsa thibela kapa ho tšoara autism.
Lentsoe le Tsoang ho
Phuputso e bolela'ng ho batsoali? Le hoja e sa fane ka boitsebiso bo bongata bo sebetsang, e hlakisa hore lintho tse amanang le tikoloho li bapala karolo e nyane ho autism. Seo se bolela hore batsoali ha baa lokela ho khathatseha ka hore liqeto tsa bophelo bo tloaelehileng kapa boitšoaro ba bona li ne li ikarabella bakeng sa boloetse ba ngoana oa bona. 'Me seo se bolela hore batsoali ba ka ba le bolokolohi ba ho nahana, eseng nakong e fetileng ea bakhachane, empa ho e-na le bokamoso ba bona.
> Mehloli:
> Brooks, Megan. Lintho tsa lefutso li na le likotsi tsa boholo ba kotsi ea autism. Medscape. La 27 September, 2017. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/886250
> Krishnan, A. et al, ho bolela esale pele le ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o sebetsang oa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa bothata ba autism. Nature Neuroscience , 2016; SEO: 10.1038 / nn.4353 Setsi sa Sechaba sa Setsebi sa Bophelo ba Tikoloho. Autism. Websaete, 2017. https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/autism/index.cfm
> Sandin S, Lichtenstein P, Kuja-Halkola R, Hultman C, Larsson H, Reichenberg A. Boikarabelo ba bothata ba autism bo botle. JAMA. 2017; 318 (12): 1182-1184. doi: 10.1001 / jama.2017.12141
> Science News. Liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa Autism li sebelisitsoe ho sebelisa mokhoa o mocha. La 1 August, 2016. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160801113827.htm
> Laebrari ea Sechaba ea Meriana ea US. Autism. Websaete, 2017. https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/autism-spectrum-disorder#diagnosis
> Zayed, A.. Ho tiisitsoe: Heredity ke Lebaka le ka Sehloohong la Autism. Consumer Health Digest. Websaete. 2017. https://www.consumerhealthdigest.com/health-news/genetics-increase-autism-risk.html