Liphatsa tsa lefutso li phetha karolo e kholo tabeng ea tahlehelo ea kutlo le ho se utloe litabeng tse peli le ho batho ba tsofetseng. Hoo e ka bang karolo ea 60 ho isa ho ea 80 lekholong ea litsebe tsa masea (ho fokola habonolo) ho ka bakoa ke mofuta o itseng oa liphatsa tsa lefutso.
Hape hoa khoneha ho ba le motsoako oa ho lahleheloa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso le ho fumana tahlehelo ea kutlo. Ho lahleheloa ha maikutlo ho utloahalang ke ho lahleheloa ha kelello ho etsoang ka lebaka la mohloli oa ts'oaetso ea meriana kapa litlhahiso tsa lik'hemik'hale kapa molumo o moholo.
Syndromes ea Mafu e Bakang ho Lahleha
Hase bohle ba lahlehetsoeng ke liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa ho utloa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso, 'me ha ho hlahleheloa ke liphatsa tsa lefutso tse amanang le liphatsa tsa lefutso. Le hoja bongata ba tahlehelo ea kutlo ea lefutso e sa amane le lefu le itseng, mafu a mangata a liphatsa tsa lefutso (mohlomong a fetang 300) a amahanngoa le ho lahleheloa ha maikutlo a congenital, ho akarelletsa:
- Alport Syndrome-e khetholloang ke ho hlōleha ha lesoba le ho lahleheloa ke kutlo ea kutlo ea tlhaho ea tlhaho.
- Mathata a Branchio-Oto-Renal
- Charcot Marie Tooth (XT) e kopantsoeng le X-e boetse e baka pherekano ea meriana, mathata a maotong, le boemo bo bitsoang "li-bottle campaign".
- Goldenhar's Syndrome-e hlalositsoeng ke ho se ts'ebetsoe ha tsebe, nko, molomo o bonolo, le mamello. Sena se ka ama lehlakoreng le le leng feela la sefahleho, 'me tsebe e ka bonahala e sa thehoa.
- Jervell le Lange-Nielsen Syndrome-ho phaella ho tahlehelo ea kutlo ea kutlo ea tlhaho, boemo bona bo boetse bo baka pelo ea pelo le ho ferekana.
- Mohr-Tranebjaerg Syndrome (DFN-1) -Lefu lena le bakoa ke ho lahleheloa ke kutlo ea kutlo ho qala bongoaneng (hangata ka mor'a hore ngoana a ithute ho bua) 'me o tsoela pele ho mpefala. E boetse e bakela mathata a tsamaiso (ho itšireletsa ka mesifa) le bothata ba ho kenella har'a matšoao a mang.
- Mathata a Norrie-lefu lena le boetse le bakela mathata ka mahlo le mahlomola a kelello.
- Pendred Syndrome-Pended syndrome e baka menyetla ea kutlo ea kutlo litsebeng tse peli hammoho le mathata a qoqotho (goiter).
- Stickler Syndrome-stickler syndrome e na le litšobotsi tse ling tse ngata ho phaella ho tahlehelo ea kutlo. Tsena li ka kenyelletsa molomo o motle le mahalapa, mathata a mahlo (esita le bofofu), bohloko bo kopantsoeng kapa litaba tse ling tse kopanetsoeng, le litšobotsi tse tobileng tsa sefahleho.
- Treacher Collins Syndrome-lefu lena le lebisa tlhokomelong ea masapo a sefahlehong. Batho ba ka 'na ba e-ba le litšobotsi tse sa tloaelehang tsa sefahleho, ho akarelletsa le likopi tse atisang ho theohela fatše le ho se hokae ka li-eyelashes.
- Waardenburg Syndrome-Ntle le ho lahleheloa ha kelello lefu lena ho ka baka mathata a mahlo le a sa tloaelehang ka 'mala oa moriri le mahlo.
- Usher Syndrome-e ka baka mathata a mabeli a ho lahleheloa ke maikutlo le bothata ba ho itšehla thajana (ho ba le botenya le ho felloa ke tekano).
Lisosa tse sa amaneng le li-syndromic tsa tahlehelo ea kutlo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso
Ha tahlehelo ea kutlo ea lefutso e sa tsamaisane le mathata a mang a bophelo bo botle e bitsoa "non-syndromic". Boholo ba tahlehelo ea kutlo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso bo oela karolong ena.
Ho lahleheloa ha maikutlo ho sa utloiseng metsoako hangata ho bakoa ke liphatsa tsa lefutso tse feteletseng.
Sena se bolela hore haeba motsoali a le mong a feta liphatsa tsa lefutso tse amanang le tahlehelo ea kutlo, e ke ke ea hlalosoa kapa e ke ke ea etsahala ho ngoana. Batsoali ba babeli ba lokela ho fetisetsa bana ba liphatsa tsa lefutso e le hore ho be le tahlehelo ea kutlo.
Le hoja ho lahleheloa ke kutlo ho amanang le liphatsa tse ling tsa lefutso ho ka bonahala eka ho ke ke ha etsahala, likarolo tse 70 ho tse 100 tsa ho lahleheloa ke kutlo ke li-syndromic le tse 80 ho ba lekholo ba nang le tahlehelo ea kutlo e bakoang ke liphatsa tsa lefutso. Tse ling tse 20 tse setseng li hlaha ka lebaka la liphatsa tsa lefutso tse hlaheletseng, tse hlokang feela liphatsa tsa lefutso ho motsoali a le mong.
Mesebetsi ea ka ea tlhokomelo ea ka e ngotse joang Lebaka la Ka Lebaka la ho Utloa Bohle?
Haeba u hlahloba lintlha tsa ngaka ea hau, u ka fumana lipolelo tseo u sa li utloisiseng.
Mona ke tlhaloso ea hore na tahlehelo ea kutlo ea kutlo e se nang syndromic e ka ngoloa joang litsing tsa ngaka:
- e bitsoang lebitso la boloetse bona
- _______- bokobe bo amanang (moo ___ ke liphatsa tsa lefutso tse bakang litsebe)
- e bitsoang lebitso la liphatsa tsa lefutso
- DFN e bolela ho se utloe feela
- Tsela ea autosomal e ka sehloohong
- B e bolela ho iketsa motlakase oa motlakase
- X e bolela X-e kopantsoe (e fanoa ka batsoali ba X chromosome)
- nomoro e emela taelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ha e etsoa 'mapa kapa e fumanoe
Ka mohlala, haeba lefu la kutlo le bitsoa ka liphatsa tsa lefutso ka ngaka ea hau, u ka 'na ua bona ntho e tšoanang le ea bokooa bo amanang le OTOF. Sena se ne se tla bolela hore OTOF ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e ne e le sesosa sa boloetse ba hau ba ho utloa. Leha ho le joalo, haeba ngaka ea hau e sebelisa sebaka sa liphatsa tsa lefutso ho hlalosa bothata ba kutlo, u tla bona motsoako oa lintlha tse thathamisitsoeng ka holimo, joaloka DFNA3. Sena se ne se tla bolela hore ea sa utloeng litsebeng e ne e le motsoako o moholo oa li-autosomal o nang le taelo ea boraro ea 'mapa oa lefutso. DFNA3 e boetse e bitsoa ho se utloe ho amana le 26 .
Bothata ba ho Utloa ha Lefu la ho Utloahala bo ka Tsejoa Joang?
Ho khetholla lisosa tsa lefutso, tseo hape li boleloang ke lingaka e le li- etiology , li ka ba tse ferekanyang haholo. Ho thusa ho fokotsa bothata ba ho khetholla sesosa, o lokela ho ba le mokhoa o thehiloeng sehlopheng. Sehlopha sa hau se lokela ho ba le setsebi sa otolaryngologist, setsebi sa li-audiologist, moeletsi oa lefutso le moeletsi oa liphatsa tsa lefutso. Sena se bonahala eka ke sehlopha se seholo, leha ho na le mefuta e fetang 65 ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ka bakang tahlehelo ea kutlo, u tla batla ho fokotsa tekanyo ea teko haeba ho hlokahala.
Setsebi sa hau sa otolaryngologist , kapa ENT, e ka ba ngaka ea pele eo u e bonang ha u leka ho fumana sesosa sa ho lahleheloa ke liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ba tla etsa boitsebiso bo qaqileng, ba phethe tlhahlobo ea 'mele,' me haeba ho hlokahala ba u fetise ho setsebi sa litsebi bakeng sa ho utloahala ka ho feletseng ha li-audiology.
Mosebetsi o mong o ka 'na oa kenyelletsa toxoplasmosis le cytomegalovirus, kaha tsena ke tšoaetso e tloaelehileng ea bakhachane e ka bakang tahlehelo ea kutlo ho masea. Ka nako ena, lisosa tse tloaelehileng tse bakoang ke tahlehelo ea kutlo li ka tsejoa mme o ka fetisetsoa ho liphatsa tsa lefutso ho hlahloba liphatsa tsa lefutso tse amanang le lefu lena le belaellang.
Hang ha syndromes e tloaelehileng e khetholloa kapa e felisoa, ENT ea hau e tla u khothalletsa ho lefapha la liphatsa tsa lefutso le moeletsi oa lefutso. Haeba ho na le lipelaelo tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tseo ho belaelloang ho tsona, tlhahlobo e tla fokotsoa ho liphatsa tsa lefutso. Haeba ho na le ho belaelloa hore liphatsa tsa lefutso li fapane, joale setsebi sa lefutso sa hau sa lefutso se tla tšohla hore na ke lintlha life tseo u lokelang ho li hlahloba.
Setsebi sa lefutso sa hau sa lefutso se tla nka boitsebiso ho tlhahlobo ea audiology ho thusa ho hlakola tse ling tsa liteko. Ba ka boela ba laela liteko tse ling tse kang electrocardiogram (ECG kapa EKG) ho sheba pelo ea hau, e leng ho tla thusa ho fokotsa seo ba se lekang. Sepheo ke hore setsebi sa liphatsa tsa lefutso se ntlafatse melemo ea teko pele e laela liteko tse ka bang tšenyo ea nako, boiteko le thepa.
> Mehloli:
> Boikokobetso ba Congenital. Websaeteng ea Amerika ea ho Utloa Lipatlisiso Foundation. http://american-hearing.org/disorders/congenital-deafness/. E fetisitsoe ka March 2017. E fihlile ka la 30 September, 2017.
> Liphatsa tsa lefutso le kutloisiso ea tahlehelo. Univesithi ea Amerika ea Otolaryngology - Websaeteng ea ho Buoa le Hlooho ea Neck. http://www.entnet.org/content/genes-and-hearing-loss. E fihlile ka la 30 September, 2017.
> Ho hlahlojoa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso ho tloha bongoaneng Ho utloahala ho lahleheloa ke maikutlo: Tlhahlobo le Tlhahlobo ea Litaba. Websaeteng ea li-Audiology Online. https://www.audiologyonline.com/articles/genetic-testing-in-childhood-hearing-820. La 18 July, 2011. O fumaneha ka la 30 September, 2017.
> Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJH. Tlhaloso ea ho lahleheloa ha kelello le bokooa Tlhahisoleseding. 1999 Feb 14 [Ho hlophisitsoe 2017 Jul 27]. Ka: Pagon RA, MP ea Adama, Ardinger HH, le al., Bahlophisi. GeneReviews® [Inthanete]. Seattle (WA): Univesithi ea Washington, Seattle; 1993-2017. E fumanoa ho: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/