Boitokisetso le Mekhoa e Akaretsang Phekolo ea Kelello ea Bong
Haeba uena kapa moratuoa a nahana ka ho buuoa ka thobalano, mohlomong u ipotsa hore na ke mehato efe eo u lokelang ho e etsa pele opereishene e ka etsoa. A re talime se hlokahalang ho ba mokhethoa bakeng sa opereishene ena, menyetla e ka ba le liphello tse ntle le litla-morao tsa phekolo ea hormone, le mekhoa ea ho buuoa e fumanehang.
Bongaka ba ho Fokotsa ho Kopanela Liphate (SRS)
Ho buuoa ka thobalano ea banna le basali (GRS), histori ea tseba hore ho buuoa ka thobalano (SRS) ho etsoa ho batho ba fetohang litaba tse nang le tekano ea tekano ho basali ba bona.
Histori, poleloana ea transsexual e ne e sebelisetsoa ho hlalosa motho ea neng a e-na le mofuta o mong oa phekolo ea bongaka kapa ea ho buoa bakeng sa ho khutlisetsoa ha banna ka bong. Tsena li ka ba teng ha mosali oa transgender a fetoha ho tloha ho monna ho ea ho mosali kapa ha monna oa transgender a fetela ho mosali ho ea ho monna.
Phapang pakeng tsa 'Transgender' le 'Transsexual'
"Transgender" e bolela batho ba khethollang boitsebiso ba bong bo fapaneng le bo fanoeng nakong ea tsoalo. Bokooa bo fanoeng hangata bo itšetlehile ka ponahalo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa ka ntle. Batho ba Transgender ba ka 'na ba se ke ba etsoa opereishene ea ho kopanela liphate ka thobalano. Transgenderism e ngotsoe ho tloha mehleng ea boholo-holo.
"Transsexual" e bolela batho ba batlang kapa ba etsoang opereishene kapa phekolo ea meriana hore ba fetole ponahalo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa bona tsa tsoalo e le mokhoa oa ho fokotsa botona ba bona ba botšehali.
Mabaka a Lebaka Leo ka lona Motho a Ilang a Etsa Thobalano ea ho Kopanela Liphate
Batho ba bangata ba transgender ba na le tšusumetso e ts'oanang pakeng tsa banna ba nang le phihlelo le bofebe ba bona.
Mokhatlo oa American Psychiatric Association (APA) o hlokometse sena e le tekano ea tekano. Tekano ea dysphoria e ka etsa hore batho ba halefisoe haholo le ho senyeha ha maemo a sechaba le a batho. Bakeng sa batho bana, ho fetoha ha basali, ho phekoloa ha li-hormone le ho buoa ka thobalano ho lumella hore ponahalo ea bona ea ka ntle e lumellane le seo ba ikutloang ka hare.
Ho fetela ho Bong bo bong
"Ho fetola" ho bong bo bong ho ka kenyelletsa:
- Ho apara le ho phela ka karolo ea bong bo lumellanang le boitsebiso ba bong bo sa tšoaneng ntle le ho buuoa.
- Ho nka li-hormone tsa thobalano le / kapa ho buoa ka ho buoa kapa ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso le litho tsa botona.
Mehato e Hlokahalang Pele ho ho Kopanela Liphate Ho Nchafatsoa kapa ho Buuoa ka Bong-hang
Ho phaella kutloisisong e feletseng ea mekhoa, lihomone, le likotsi tse ling tse amehang mefuteng ena ea ts'ebetso, ho na le mehato e meng e lokelang ho etsoa pele opereishene e etsoa. Mehato e hlokahalang e kenyeletsa:
- Tlhahlobo ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello: Tlhaloso ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello e hlokahalang ho sheba mathata afe kapa afe a bophelo ba kelello a ka susumetsang boemo ba kelello ea motho, le ho hlahloba hore na motho o itokiselitse ho ba le khatello ea 'mele le ea maikutlo ea phetoho.
- Tokomane e hlakileng le e tsitsitseng ea tekano ea tekano.
- Tlhahlobo ea "bophelo ba sebele": Motho o lokela ho nka karolo ea thobalano e lakatsehang mesebetsing ea letsatsi le letsatsi, ka bobeli le moetlong (tsejoang e le "phihlelo ea sebele bophelong" kapa "tlhahlobo ea bophelo ba sebele").
Karolo ea Phekolo ea Hormone Phetohong
Bakeng sa batho ba nang le litlokotsebe ba batlang ho buuoa ka thobalano, phekolo ea hormone (HT), eo hape e bitsoang hormone replacement therapy (HRT), e kenyelletsa ho sebelisa estrogen bakeng sa phetoho ea basali kapa ea testosterone bakeng sa basali ho fetoloa ha banna.
Phekolo ea hormone e ka sebelisoa pele, ka nako, le ka morao ho phetoho ea ho buoa ho ea bong bo bong.
Sepheo sa phekolo ea li-hormone ke ho fetola ponahalo ea ponahalo ho ea ka tekano ea tekano.
Liphello tsa Testosterone ho Basali
Ha mosali oa likokoana-hloko a qala ho nka testosterone , liphetoho li akarelletsa ho fokotseha ha litšobotsi tsa ho kopanela liphate le ho eketseha ha litšobotsi tsa thobalano.
Liphetoho tsa 'mele li kenyeletsa:
- Litelu le masapola
- Ho teba ha lentsoe
- Ho eketsa clitoris
- Khōlo e eketsehileng ea moriri oa 'mele
- Boima ba mesifa le matla
- Eketsa lenane la lisele tse khubelu tsa mali
- Ho boelloa ha mafura a tsoang matsoele, letheka le maqeba ho ea ka mpeng
- Ntlafatso ea li-acne, tse tšoanang le tsa bohlankana
- Ho lesela kapa ho lahleheloa ke moriri, haholo-holo litempeleng le moqhaka oa hlooho
- Atrophy ea sebete le mae a bomme, e leng se fellang ka ho se khone ho ba le bana
Liphetoho tsa boitšoaro li kenyelletsa:
- Khahlano
- Ho khanna ho kopanela liphate ho eketsehileng
Liphello tsa Estrogen ho Batona
Ha mohlankana e mong a qala ho nka estrogen , liphetoho li akarelletsa ho fokotseha ha litšoaneleho tsa thobalano le ho eketseha ha litšobotsi tsa basali.
Liphetoho ho 'mele li kenyelletsa:
- Ntlafatso ea mala
- Ho lahleheloa ke erection
- Shrinkage ea mesifa
- E fokotseha mafura
- Ho fokotseha moriri oa sefahleho le 'mele
- Ho fokotsa mesifa le matla
- Letlalo le bonolo le le boreleli
- Ho lieha ha balding
- Ho ts'oaroa ha mafura ka mpeng ho ea lethekeng, maotla le meno
Liphetoho tsa boitšoaro li kenyelletsa:
- Ho fokotsa likamano tsa thobalano
- Boemo bo fetoha
Liphello Tsa Phekolo ea Hormone e Bonoa Neng?
Litholoana tsa bosalizing tsa estrogen le liphello tsa masculinate tsa testosterone li ka hlaha ka mor'a meriana e 'meli ea pele, le hoja e ka ba lilemo tse' maloa pele motho a fetoha ka tsela e khotsofatsang. Sena ke 'nete haholo-holo tabeng ea tsoelo-pele ea matsoele.
Leano la ho buoa ha ho kopanela liphate le nka nako e kae?
Kalafo e lieha ho fihlela bonyane selemo se le seng ka mor'a ho qala ha phekolo ea hormone le bonyane lilemo tse peli ka mor'a tlhahlobo ea kelello ea pele. Hang ha mokhoa oa ho buoa o qala, nako ea nako ho fihlela ho phethoa e fapane ho ea ka palo ea mekhoa e batlang, nako ea ho phomola, le ho feta.
Ho Phekola ho Ameha ho Fetoleng ho tloha ho Monna ho ea ho Mosali
Ka makhetlo a mangata, ho buuoa ho kopanetsoeng ho kopanela liphate ho fokolloa ho fokolloa ke thobalano ho fokotseha ho tse etsahalang ka holim'a lebanta (ho buuoa ka holimo) le ka tlas'a lebanta (ho buuoa ka tlase). Hase bohle ba kenang opereishene tsena kaofela, empa mekhoa e ka nkoa e thathamisitsoe ka tlase.
Phekolo e holimo e kenyeletsa:
- Ho eketseha ha lebese
- Sefahleho sa basali
- Ho buuoa ka masapo: Rhinoplasty e ka etsoa ho fokotsa nko le ho ntlafatsa ntlha.
- Lintši: Ho ka etsoa ho phahamisa likhahla ho fokotsa sekhahla le boemo ba lintši.
- Ho buuoa ka mahlahahlaha: Setopo sa mohlahare se ka beoa hore se hlahe haholoanyane.
- Ho fokotseha ha Chin: Sefate sa basali se atisa ho ba thata haholo, kahoo ho fokotseha ha lesea.
- Cheekbones: Cheekbones e ka ntlafatsoa, hangata ka li-injection tsa collagen hammoho le mekhoa e meng ea ho buoa ea polasetiki.
- Lipuo: Ho ka etsoa molomo o phallang.
- Pōpo ea moriri oa moriri oa moriri.
- Ho tlosoa moriri oa banna
- Ho fokotsa apple ea Adama
- Ho buuoa ka lentsoe
Ho buuoa ka tlaase ho akarelletsa:
- Ho tlosoa ha penis (penectomy) le scrotum (orchiectomy)
- Pōpo ea botšehali le labia (femitzing genitoplasty)
Ho Buuoa ka Eng ho Buuoa ho tloha ho Mosali ho ea ho Mosali?
Joaloka tabeng ea banna ho fetisa basali, ho buuoa ka thobalano ho akarelletsa ho buuoa ka holimo le ho buuoa ka tlase.
Phekolo e holimo e kenyeletsa:
- Mastectomy e nyenyane / ho fokotsa lefu
Ho buuoa ka tlaase ho akarelletsa:
- Ho tlosoa sebete le mae a bomme
- Ho bōptjoa ha lipalesa le li-scrotum (masculinizing genitoplasty)
Mathata le liphello tse mpe
SRS e na le likotsi tse ka bang kotsi le mathata. Tlhahlobo ea Estrogen e 'nile ea amahanngoa le kotsing e phahameng ea li-bloodt (mali a tebileng a methapo ea meriana le metsoako ea mali ) bakeng sa basali ba litlokotsebe. Hape ho na le kotsi e ka 'nang ea eketseha ea kankere ea matsoele, esita le ntle le li-hormone tseo re tsebang hore banna ba ka boela ba hlahisa kankere ea matsoele. Testosterone e sebelisoa ho banna ba transgender e 'nile ea amahanngoa le keketseho ea khatello ea mali, khatello ea insulin, le likokoana-hloko tsa lipid, le hoja e sa tsebe hantle hore na liphetoho tsena li phetha karolo efe ho ntlafatsa lefu la pelo.
Ka ho buuoa, ho na le likotsi tsa ho buoa tse kang ho tsoa mali le tšoaetso, hammoho le litla-morao tsa anesthesia . Ba ntseng ba hlahloba litlhare tsena ba lokela ho buisana ka hloko le ngaka ea bona ka likotsi tse ka amanang le phekolo ea hormone hammoho le ho buuoa.
Litšenyehelo tsa ho kopanela liphate ke tsa bokae (SRS)?
SRS e ka theko e tlaase haholo bakeng sa batho ba bangata ba transgender. Litšenyehelo tse kenyeletsang tlhabollo, lihomone, electrolysis, le ts'ebetso li ka ba liranta tse fetang 100 000. Ho batla ho le litšenyehelo ho feta ho tloha ho e motona ho ea ho e motšehali ho feta ho tloha ho e motšehali ho ea ho e motona. Hangata inshorense ea bophelo bo botle e akaretsa karolo ea litšenyehelo. Ithute ho eketsehileng ka litlhoko tsa inshorense le litaelo tsa WPATH mabapi le ho buuoa ka bong bo fapaneng.
Boleng ba Bophelo ka mor'a ho buoa ka thobalano
Boleng ba bophelo bo bonahala bo ntlafala ka mor'a ho buuoa ka thobalano ho batho ba fetohang basali ho ea ho banna le ba fetohang ho tloha ho banna ho ba basali. Phuputso e 'ngoe ea 2017 e fumane hore khotsofalo ea ho buuoa e tsoa ho karolo ea 94 ho isa ho 100 lekholong. Kaha ho na le mehato e mengata 'me ka linako tse ling ho etsoa opereishene e sa phutholoheng, nomoro ena e tšehetsa melemo ea SRS bakeng sa ba ikutloang hore ke khetho ea bona e ntle.
Ntho e ka tlaase ho Tlhahlobo ea ho Kopanela Liphate ho Kopanela Liphate
Ho buuoa ka thobalano ke mokhoa o telele o qalang ka tlhabollo le tlhahlobo ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello ho fumana hore na motho o hlakeloa ke lefu la dysphoria kapa che. Kamora sena se phethehile, phekolo ea hormone e qalile ka testosterone bakeng sa ba fetohang ho tloha ho basali ho isa ho banna le estrogen bakeng sa ba fetohang ho tloha ho banna ho ea ho basali. Liphetoho tse ling tsa 'mele le tsa boitšoaro tse amanang le phekolo ea li-hormone li thathamisitsoe ka holimo.
Ka mor'a hore phekolo ea hormone e 'ne e tsoele pele selemo se le seng, mekhoa e mengata ea ho buoa e ka nkoa. Tsena li senyehile ho "mekhoa ea" top "le" mekhoa ea "tlase".
SRS e na le litšenyehelo tse ngata, empa tekanyo e tobileng e thata ka lebaka la mefuta e mengata e kenyeletsang mathata a khonehang le palo le boholo ba ho buuoa ho khethiloeng. Ho fumana ngaka e buoang e tsepamisitseng SRS feela mme e entse mekhoa ena e mengata.
Bakeng sa ba latelang ka mehato ena ea ho lokisetsa, phekolo ea li-hormone, le ho buuoa, boleng ba bophelo bo bonahala bo le molemo, 'me batho ba bangata ba bolela hore ba tla boela ba kene SRS.
> Mehloli:
> American Psychological Association. Transgender People, Boitsebiso ba Bong bo Tšoanang, le Tlhaloso ea Bong. http://www.apa.org/topics/lgbt/transgender.aspx
> Colebunders, B., Brondel, S., D'Arpa, S., Hoebeke, P., le S. Monstrey. Phetoho ea Phekolo ea ho Phekola bakeng sa bakuli ba Transgender. Tlhahlobo ea Bongaka ba Bongaka . 2017. 5 (1): 103-109.
> Streed, C., Harfouch, O., Marvel, F., Blumenthal, R., Martin, S., le M. Mukherjee. Matšoao a Motsoetse Har'a Batho ba baholo ba Transgender ba fumanang phekolo ea Hormone: Tlhahlobo e Khutšoanyane. Annals of Internal Medicine . 2017. 167 (4): 256-267.
> van de Grift, T., Elaut, E., Cerwenka, S., Cohen-Kettenis, P., le B. Kreukels. Khotsofalo ea ho Buoa, Boleng ba Bophelo, le Botsoalle ba Bona Ka mor'a ho Buuoa ke Bong-bo-bong: Thuto e Latelang. Journal of Sex and Therapy Therapy . 2017 May 4. (Epub pele ea khatiso).