Tšoaetso e tloaelehileng ea likokoana-hloko Ho ka etsahala hore Bophelo bo Sokele Batho ba nang le HIV
Toxoplasmosis ke lefu le kotsi le bakoang ke protozoan Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii ). Ha e ama boko (cerebral toxoplasmosis), e nkoa e le boemo bo hlalosang AIDS ka li- Centers for Control and Prevention.
Ho hakanngoa hore hoo e ka bang 22% ea batho ba United States ba tšoaelitsoe ke T. gondii . Ho tlalehoa litlaleho tse fetang 200 000 selemo le selemo, tse etsang hore batho ba ka bang 750 ba shoe-e leng se etsang hore e be sesosa sa bobeli se bakoang ke mafu a bolaeang ka lebaka la chefo ea Salmonella .
Litšenyehelo tsa likoluoa Afrika, Asia Boroa-bochabela, Latin America, le likarolo tsa Europe Bohareng le Bochabela li ka tsamaela hantle ho feta 50%.
Ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1980, ho bile le ho theoha ho hoholo ha tšoaetso ea T. gondii United States, ka lebaka la liphetoho tse khōlō mekhoeng ea temo le tsamaiso ea tšireletso ea lijo. Ho phaella moo, kotsing ea toxoplasmosis e theohile har'a batho ba phelang le tšoaetso ea HIV ka lebaka la phekolo e matla ea kokoana-hloko ea HIV le tšebeliso ea meriana ea prophylactic e ka thibelang ntlafatso ea tšoaetso ea T. gondii .
Mekhoa ea Phaliso
T. gondii e ka tšoaetsa libōpuoa tse futhumetseng tsa mali, empa haholo-holo li atile likatse. Hangata pheiso e bakoa ke:
- Ho kopana ka letsoho le marang-rang kapa lintho tse silafalitsoeng ka lisebelisoa tsa cat kapa kitty litter
- Ho ja nama ea T. gondii- tšoaetso
- Ho tloha ha 'm'a ho ea ho ngoana nakong ea bokhachane
Ho belisa ha ho nkoa e le mofuta oa tšoaetso.
Matšoao a Toxoplasmosis
Ho batho, bongata ba tšoaetso bo na le matšoafo kapa bo na le matšoao a bonolo, a nang le mafu a sefuba, hangata a tsamaisana le li-lymph gland tse ruruhileng ( lymphadenopathy ). Leha ho le joalo, batho ba nang le tšoaetso ea ' mele ea HIV-haholo-haholo-holo ba tšoaelitsoeng ke HIV ba nang le likopi tsa CD4 tlas'a lisele tse 100 / μL-tšoaetso e ka ba matla ho isa lefung.
Haeba e sa laoloe, toxoplasmosis e ka baka encephalitis e matla (ho ruruha ha boko) le tšenyo ea retinal. Matšoao a tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa a methapo ea pelo ke ho bua le ho senyeha ha motlakase. Mafu a tsoetseng pele, ho tšoaroa ke lefu, meningitis , optic neramage, le lipontšo tsa kelello hangata li bonoa.
Toxoplasmosis e ka boela ea baka tšenyo ea matšoafo, e leng se hlahisang ho ruruha-le ho tšoana le matšoao a sa tsejoeng ho tloha PCP ( pneumocystis pneumonia ). Maemong a boima, toxoplasmosis e ka fetela ka nģ'ane ho boko le matšoafo ho ama sebete, mokopa le pelo.
Toxoplasmosis nakong ea Bokhachane
T. gondii e ka baka tšenyo e senyang ho nts'etsopele ea li-fetus, hangata e bakoang ke ho holofala kelellong le 'meleng. Le hoja bana ba bangata ba sa tsoa tsoaloa ba tšoaelitsoe ke T. gondii ba tla bonahala eka ba na le matla a ho hlasela, matšoao a ka 'na a hlaha lilemong tse tlang.
Phuputso e 'ngoe ea morao-rao ea Case Western Reserve University e bontšitse hore ho basali ba nang le tšoaetso ea HIV e tsoetseng pele, ho ile ha e-ba le keketseho ea makhetlo a mararo ho tšoaetsoang ho tloha ho' m'a ho ea ho ngoana
Tlhahlobo ea Toxoplasmosis
Tlhahlobo ea toxoplasmosis e tšehetsoa ke ho hlahloba likarolo le matšoao a bophelo, hammoho le tlhahlobo ea mali kapa lisele tsa lisele. Tlhahlobo e bonolo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e bitsoang PCR (polymerase chain reaction) e ka sebelisoa ho lemoha boteng ba li-antibodies tsa T. gondii maling kapa meleng a mang a 'mele.
(Haeba ho e-na le tšoaetso ea morao-rao, PCR e ka 'na ea se ke ea khona ho bona li-antibodies tsa T. gondii ka libeke tse robeli. Nakong ena e bitsoang nako ea fensetere , lihlopha tsa PCR li ka' na tsa hlokoa ho netefatsa tšoaetso, bonyane libeke tse tharo ka thōko.)
Le hoja bothata ba boko bo nkoa e le mokhoa o hlakileng oa ho hlahlojoa ke lefu la toxoplasmosis, lilemong tsa morao tjena e 'nile ea nkeloa sebaka ke motsoako oa MRI kapa CT scanning ho netefatsa hore bothata ba boko bo teng, bo lateloa ke tlhahlobo ea PCR e senyehang.
Phekolo ea Toxoplasmosis
Kalafo e khothaletsoa bakeng sa batho ba nang le tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko ea HIV ba nang le lintlha tsa CD4 tlasa 200, ha tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e sitoa ho loantša tšoaetso.
Maemong ana, Trimethoprin / sulfamethoxale (co-trimoxazole) hangata ke moriana oa khetho ea ho thibela prophylactic.
Bakeng sa lefu le sebetsang, lithethefatsi tse latelang li ka 'na tsa laeloa:
- Kopano ea Daraprim (pyrimethamine) le sulfadiazine (antibiotic e thehiloeng ka sulfa), hammoho le acid acid
- Clindamycin (e leng lithibela-mafu tse sebelisoang ho phekola mafu a baktheria le a protozoa)
- Spiramycin (e ntse e nkoa e le liteko US, le hoja e ka fumanoa ka tumello e khethehileng ea FDA nakong ea halofo ea pele ea bokhachane)
- Mepron (atavaquone)
- Motsoako oa Clindamycin le Meprone
Ka selemo sa 2015, moetsi oa lithethefatsi Daraprim (Turing Pharmaceuticals) o ile a qholotsana ka mor'a hore CEO oa eona, Martin Shkreli, a leke ho hlahisa theko ka 5000%, ho tloha ho $ 13.50 ka tefo ea lithelefera ho fihlela ho $ 750 ka lithelefera.
Thibelo ea T. gondii Infection
Ha batho ba nang le boits'oaro ba 'mele ba itšireletsa mafung (CD4 tse ka tlase ho 100) kapa basali ba imme ba nang le HIV, ba ka eletsoa ho fokotsa kotsi ea tšoaetso ea T. gondii . Tsena li kenyelletsa:
- Ho ba le motho e mong ho fetola lithako tsa kitty kapa ho apara likhase tse lahlehang ha u etsa joalo. Hlatsoa matsoho ka mor'a moo, 'me u se ke ua boloka lebokose la kitty kapa haufi le kichineng. Haeba ho khoneha, boloka katle ea hau ka tlung.
- Lijo tsa ho pheha licheso tse sireletsehileng, ha li ntse li netefatsa hore nama ha e na pinki 'me lero le tsamaea hantle. Ebola 'me u hlatsoe litholoana le meroho ha ho khoneha.
- Ho apara li-gloves neng kapa neng ha u lema kapa u sebetsa le mobu, hlatsoa liaparo tsa hau le matsoho ha u qetile.
Ho bitsoa mantsoe: TOK-so-plas-MOE-sis
Lisebelisoa:
Litsi tsa US bakeng sa Taolo le Thibelo ea Maloetse (CDC). "Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma Infection - Epidemiology le lisosa tsa Likotsi." Atlanta, Georgia; Global Health, Division of Disease le Mafuria; January 10, 2012.
Oksenhendler, E .; Cadranel, J .; Sarfati, C ;; et al. "Toxoplasma gondii pneumonia ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la immunodeficiency syndrome." American Journal of Medicine. May 1990; 88 (5): 18-21.
Rabaud, C .; May, T .; Amiel, C .; et al. "Toxoplasmosis ea" extracerebral toxoplasmosis "ho bakuli ba tšoaelitsoeng ke HIV. Phuputso ea Sechaba ea Fora." Meriana. November 1994; 73 (6): 306-314.
Oksenhendler, E .; Cadranel, J .; Sarfati, C ;; et al. "Toxoplasma gondii pneumonia ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la immunodeficiency syndrome." American Journal of Medicine. May 1990; 88 (5): 18-21.
Minkoff, H .; Remington, J .; Holman, S .; et al. "Ho fetisoa ha li-toxoplasma ka bobeli ho basali ba nang le tšoaetso ea HIV." Journal of American Obstetrics le Gynecology. Ka 1997; 176 (3): 555-9.