Lefu la Alzheimer ke lefu le senyehang la boko. Ho utloisisa kamoo tlhaho ea Alzheimer e fapaneng kateng le boko bo tloaelehileng ho re fa kutloisiso. E ka re thusa ho sebetsana ka katleho le liphetoho tse hlahelang baratuoa ba rona ka lebaka la lefu lena le fokolisang.
Ka lefu la Alzheimer , ho bonahala ha boko bo amehileng ke Alzheimer bo fapane hōle le boko bo tloaelehileng.
Lefu la cerebral cortex atrophies. Seo se bolela hore sebaka sena sa boko se fokotseha 'me sekhahla sena se fapane ka ho fapaneng le cortex ea cerebral ea boko bo tloaelehileng. Sekoti sa cerebral cortex ke karolo e ka ntle ea boko. E ikarabella bakeng sa ts'ebetso eohle ea kelello. Ho na le liphetoho tse peli tse khōlō tse ka bonoang bokong ba motlakase:
- Boima ba boko bo teng liphabeng tsa boko (gyri) bo fokotsehile
- Libaka tse lihlopha tsa boko (sulci) li atolohile haholo.
Microscopically ho na le liphetoho tse ngata bokong hape.
Liphuputso tse peli tse kholo tsa boko ba Alzheimer ke li -plaque tsa amyloid le likhama tsa lefu la pelo. Libaka tse entsoeng ka majoe li fumanoa ka ntle ho li-neurons, li-plaque tsa moriana li fumanoa ka har'a li-neurons. Li-neurons ke lisele tsa methapo ka hare ho boko.
Li-plaque le likhahla li fumanoa boko ba batho ba se nang Alzheimer's. Ke chelete e kholo ea tsona tse bohlokoa ho lefu la Alzheimer's.
Karolo ea Li-plaque tsa Amyloid
Li-plaque tse nang le majoe a mangata li entsoe ka protheine e bitsoang B-amyloid protheine e leng eona karolo ea protheine e khōloanyane haholoanyane e bitsoang APP (amyloid precursor protein). Tsena ke amino acid.
Ha re tsebe hore APP e etsa'ng. Empa rea tseba hore APP e entsoe ka seleng, e fetisetsoa seleng ea sele ebe hamorao ea robeha.
Litsela tse peli tse kholo li ameha ho senyeha ha APP (proyroid precursor protein). Tsela e 'ngoe e tloaelehile' me ha e bake bothata. Ea bobeli e hlahisa liphetoho tse bonoang Alzheimer le tse ling tsa tse ling tsa 'dementias'.
Ho senyeha ha tsela ho lebisang tlhokomelong ea Alzheimer's Damage
Tseleng ea bobeli e senyehileng APP e arohanngoa ke li-enzyme B-secretase (B = beta) ebe y-secretase (y = gamma). Tse ling tsa likaroloana (tse bitsoang li-peptide) seo se khomarelang hammoho 'me se theha ketane e khutšoane e bitsoang oligomer. Li-oligomers li boetse li tsejoa e le ADDL, li-ligus tse fokolang tse entsoeng ke amyloid-beta. Li-oligomers tsa beta ea amyloid 42 li bontšitsoe hore li baka mathata har'a puisano pakeng tsa li-neurons. Beta e nang le mahlaseli a 42 e boetse e hlahisa likaroloana tse nyane, kapa li-fibrils. Ha ba kopana hammoho ba etsa sekontiri sa amyloid. Tse ling tsa li-plaque tsena li ka kenngoa ka lehare la sele ea neuron e baka lintho tse ka thōko ho sele hore li kene ho eona, li baka tšenyo e eketsehileng. Tšenyo ena e fella ka sekhahla sa li-peptide tsa beta tsa Amyloid tse 42 tse isang ho se sebetse ha neuron le lefu.
Karolo ea Lithaba Tsa Neurofibrillary
Ea bobeli e kholo e fumanoang ke boko ba Alzheimer ke litlhōrō tsa pelo. Lithaba tsa lefu la pelo li entsoe ka protheine e bitsoang tau protheine.
Liprotheine tsa Tau li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa mohahong oa neuron. Batho ba nang le li-proteine tsa tau tsa Alzheimer ba etsa hore ho be le mokhoa o sa tloaelehang ka li-enzyme tse feteletseng tse bakoang ke ho thehoa ha marang-rang. Lithaba tsa lefu la pelo li bakoa ke lefu la lisele.
Kakaretso ea Boitsebiso ba Alzheimer
Karolo ea likarolo tse nang le majoe a nang le majoe a mabeli le likhahla tsa lefu la pelo ka mokhoa o sebetsang oa boko ke hore ha ho utloisise ka botlalo. Batho ba bangata ba nang le lefu la Alzheimer ba bonts'a bopaki ba lipale le litlhaka, empa palo e nyenyane ea batho ba nang le lipolepe tsa Alzheimer 'me ba bang ba na le likhahla tse nang le li-neurofibrillary.
Batho ba nang le letšoao la Alzheimer feela ba bonts'a kotsi ea nakoana nakong ea bophelo ba bona.
Batho ba nang le likhahla tsa lefu la pelo ba ka 'na ba fumanoa ba e-na le ' dementia 'ea frontotemporal .
Lipatlisiso ka lefu la Alzheimer li fumana ka ho eketsehileng ka thuto ea 'mele le' mele ea boko. Ha re ntse re utloisisa haholoanyane ka karolo ea likarolo le likhahla tse boletsoeng ke boko ba Alzheimer, re atamela haufi le pheko e kholo ea lefu la Alzheimer.