Fluoroquinolones ke lithibela-mafu tse pharaletseng
Haeba u bala sehlooho sena, e ka 'na eaba u ne u laetsoe ciprofloxacin (Cipro), levofloxacin (Levaquin) kapa mofuta o mong oa fluoroquinolone bakeng sa phekolo ea tshwaetso ea baktheria (nahana ka tšoaetso ea phefumoloho kapa ea ho ntša metsi). Ka kakaretso, lithethefatsi tsena li sireletsehile li bile li atleha khahlanong le likokoana-hloko tse ngata tsa gram-positive le gram-negative tse etsang hore li be le khetho e ntle bakeng sa phekolo ea tsamaiso kapa ea 'mele ka bophara.
Motheong oa li-fluoroquinolone tsohle-ho akarelletsa le lithethefatsi tse kang ciprofloxacin le levofloxacin-ke li-2 tse nang le litho tse tšeletseng tsa carbon tse nang le athomo ea fluoride. Lithethefatsi tsena li sebetsa ka ho hlasela likokoana-hloko tse 2 tsa baktheria tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho khetholla, ho koa le ho tiisa DNA nakong ea ho pheta-pheta: DNA gyrase le topoisomerase IV. Hobane fluoroquinolones ea hona joale e itšetlehile ka li-enzyme tse peli tse fapaneng, ho thata hore baktheria e fetole le ho qoba liketso tsa lithethefatsi tsena.
Mona lethathamo la libaktheria tseo fluoroquinolones li sebetsang khahlanong le tsona:
- Staphylococci
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (levofloxacin le moxifloxacin e sebetsa ka ho fetisisa)
- Staphylococci viridans
- Bacillus anthracis (ciprofloxacin e lumelloa ho phekola manonyeletso)
- Chlamydia (levofloxacin le moxifloxacin e sebetsa ka ho fetisisa)
- Enterococcus faecalis
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Mefuta ea Nocardia
- Neisseria meningitides le gonorrhoeae
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Enterobacteriaceae mofuta
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ciprofloxacin e sebetsa ka ho fetisisa)
- Mefuta ea Vibrio.
Haholo-holo, fluoroquinolone e sebetsa ka matla khahlanong le li-aerobes le anaerobes e ikarabellang. Anaerobes, leha ho le joalo, hangata e hanyetsa meriana ena.
Mona lethathamo la tšoaetso ea baktheria eo fluoroquinolones e kang ciprofloxacin le levofloxacin e tšoara:
- Pneumonia
- Bronchitis
- Anthrax
- Bacterial gastroenteritis (feberu ea mala)
- Litlhare tsa meriana ea urinary
- Matšoao a ho ba lesela
- Septicemia
- Maloetse a tšoaetsoang ke sefubelu
- Matšoao a kopaneng le a lesapo
- Sinusitis
- Matšoao a kopaneng le a lesapo
- Matšoao a mpeng
Ho phaella mosebetsing oa likokoana-hloko tse pharaletseng, fluoroquinolones e boetse e bapala lipapatso tse ling tse etsang hore li be le lithibela-mafu tse kholo. Pele, li nkoa ka molomo (eseng ka ente). Ea bobeli, ba abela hantle hohle likarolong tse fapaneng tsa 'mele. Ntlha ea boraro, fluoroquinolone e na le nako e telele ea bophelo e ba lumellang hore e beheloe hang kapa ka makhetlo a mabeli ka letsatsi. Ntlha ea bone, ciprofloxacin le levofloxacin li fetisetsoa haholo ke liphio tse etsang hore li be matla ha li loantšana le tšoaetso ea moriana.
Ka kakaretso, fluoroquinolones ke meriana e sireletsehileng haholo. Leha ho le joalo, li ka baka liphello tse ling tse bohloko tse akarelletsang:
- Litšitiso tsa mafu a masapo (ho halefisoa ke mala)
- Ho itšunya-tšoa ha likokoana-hloko (likhahla tsa letlalo)
- Moriri oa hlooho
- Ho khaotsa
- Hallucinations
- QT prolongation (khatello ea motlakase ea pelo e bonahalang ka ECG)
- Tendon e robehile
- Angioedema (ho ruruha ha letlalo)
- Photosensitivity
Ntle le liphello tse bohloko tse boletsoeng ka holimo, hangata, fluoroquinolone e ka boela ea baka kotsi ea sebete 'me ea eketsa li-enzyme tsa sebete. Pejana fluoroquinolones e ne e tumme ka ho baka kotsi ea sebete (nahana gatifloxacin le trovafloxacin) 'me e ile ea tlosoa' marakeng.
Matsatsing ana, monyetla oa ho hlaseloa ke fooroquinolone leha e le efe e bakang sebete ke 1 ho batho ba 100 000 ba pepesitsoeng. Hobane levofloxacin le ciprofloxacin ke lithibela-mafu tse ngata ka ho fetisisa tse laetsoeng ke fluoroquinolone, ke tsona tse ka sehloohong tse bakang kotsi ea sebete sa idiosyncratic. Kotsi e joalo ea sebete e tloaelehile ho hlaha libeke tse 1 ho isa ho tse 4 ka mor'a ho tsamaisa fluoroquinolone.
Le hoja ho hanyetsa fluoroquinolones ho sa tloaelehang ho feta ho hanyetsa meriana e meng ea lithibela-mafu, e ntse e etsahala haholo-holo har'a staphylococci (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa le Serratia marcescens. 'Me hang ha khatello ea libaktheria e hanyetsa khahlanong le fluoroquinolone ka nako eo e hanyetsa ho bona kaofela.
Haeba uena kapa moratuoa a laeloa fluoroquinolone-kapa lithibela-mafu leha e le life bakeng sa taba ena-ke habohlokoa hore u phethe tsela ea hau ea phekolo. Ka ho tlohela kalafo ka hare-ka mor'a hore u "ikutloe" hamolemo-u kenya letsoho khethong, ho pholoha le ho ata ha libaktheria tse sa thibeleng likokoana-hloko tseo joale e leng ho ameha haholo ka bophelo ba sechaba. Hopola hore re lula re loana le ntoa khahlanong le lithibela-mafu, 'me re lahleheloa ke ntoa hang ha re hanyetsoa.
Lisebelisoa:
Deck DH, Winston LG. Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, & Quinolones. Ka: Katzung BG, Trevor AJ. eds. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13e . New York, NY: Hill ea McGraw; 2015. O fumaneha ka la 29 March, 2015.
Guglielmo B. Anti-Infective Chemotherapeutic & Antibiotic Agents. Ka: Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW. eds. Tlhahlobo ea Bongaka ea Meriana le Kalafo ea 2015 . New York, NY: Hill ea McGraw; 2014. E fumaneha ka la 29 March, 2015.
RYAN KJ, RAY C. Antibacterial Agents, le Resistance. Ka: RYAN KJ, RAY C. eds. Sherris Medical Microbiology, Khatiso ea Botšelela . New York, NY: Hill ea McGraw; 2014. E fumaneha ka la 29 March, 2015