Moo Menahano ea Matšoao e Fetisitsoeng ho tloha Neuron ho ea Neuron
Ka har'a tsamaiso ea methapo e kholo , synapse ke lekhalo le lenyenyane qetellong ea neuron e lumellang letšoao hore le fete ho tloha ho neurone e 'ngoe ho ea ho e latelang. Li-synapses li fumanoa moo lisele tsa methapo li kopanang le lisele tse ling tsa methapo. Li-synapses ke tsa bohlokoa ho mosebetsi oa boko, haholo-holo ha ho tluoa tabeng ea mohopolo .
Seo u se kopantsang se etsa
Ha letšoao la methapo le fihla qetellong ea neuron, e ke ke ea tsoela pele ho ea sele e latelang.
Ho e-na le hoo, e lokela ho etsa hore ho tlosoe li-neurotransmitters tse ka fetisang tšusumetso ho pholletsa le synapse ho ea neuron e latelang.
Hang ha tšusumetso ea methapo ea meriana e bakile ho lokolloa ha li-neurotransmitters, lik'hemik'hale tsena tsa lik'hemik'hale li tšela lekhalo le lenyenyane la synaptic 'me li nkiloe ke li-receptors holim'a sele e latelang. Li-receptor tsena li sebetsa joaloka senotlolo, ha li-neurotransmitters li sebetsa haholo joaloka linotlolo. Li-neurotransmitters li ka 'na tsa thabisa li-neuron li li tlama kapa lia e thibela.
Nahana ka letšoao la methapo joaloka matla a motlakase, le methapo e kang likhoele. Li-synapses e ne e tla ba mabokose a likhetho kapa a marang-rang a hokahanyang hona joale le lebone (kapa sesebelisoa se seng sa motlakase seo u se khethileng), o lumella lebone hore le khanye.
Likarolo tsa Synapse
Li-synapses li na le likarolo tse tharo tse kholo:
- The presynaptic e qetellang e nang le li-neurotransmitters
- Sehlopha sa synaptic pakeng tsa lisele tse peli tsa methapo ea kutlo
- Ho fela ha postsynaptic e nang le libaka tse amoheloang ke batho
Tšusumetso e matla ea motlakase e tsamaea fatše ebe e etsa hore ho lokolloe li-vesicles tse nyenyane tse nang le li-neurotransmitters. Joale li-vesicles li tla tlama le lera la sele ea presynaptic, e lokolle li-neurotransmitters ho kena synapse. Litho tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale li tšela synaptic cleft ebe li kopana le libaka tsa receptor seleng e latelang ea methapo ea pelo, e etsang hore motlakase o tsejoe e le bokhoni ba ho sebetsa.
Mefuta
Ho na le mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea synapses:
Lik'hemik'hale Synapse: Ea pele ke ea lik'hemik'hale synapse ho na le motlakase ho presynaptic neuron ho baka ho lokolloa ha basebetsi ba lik'hemik'hale, li-neurotransmitters. Li-neurotransmitters li fapana ho pholletsa le synapse 'me li tlama ho li-reception tse khethehileng tsa sele ea postsynaptic. Mokokotlo oa li-neurotransmitter ka nako eo o thabisa kapa o thibela lero la postsynaptic. Ho ts'oaroa ho lebisa tlhōlisanong ea bokhoni ba khato ha ho thibela ho thibela ho phatlalatsoa ha letšoao.
Synapses ea motlakase : Ka mofuta ona, li-neurone tse peli li kopantsoe ke mechine e khethehileng e tsejoang e le likarolo tsa lekhalo. Li-synapses tsa motlakase li lumella matšoao a motlakase hore a tsamaee ka potlako ho tloha seleng ea presynaptic ho ea seleng ea postsynaptic, ka potlako ho potlakisa ho fetisoa ha lipontšo. Lekhalo pakeng tsa motlakase oa synapses le lenyenyane haholo ho feta la lik'hemik'hale synapse (hoo e ka bang 3.5 nanometers ha e bapisoa le nanometer tse 20). Litsela tse khethehileng tsa protheine tse kopanyang lisele tse peli li etsa hore ho khonehe hore hona joale nako e ntle e tsoang ho neuro ea presynaptic e phalle ka ho toba ka seleng ea postsynaptic.
Lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tsa motlakase li bontša ka potlako ho feta lik'hemik'hale tsa synapses. Le hoja lebelo la phetisetso ea lik'hemik'hale tse senyang li ka 'na tsa nka milliseconds tse' maloa, phetisetso ea synapses ea motlakase e batla e le hang-hang.
Moo li-syapses tsa lik'hemik'hale li ka thabisang kapa li thibela, li-synapses tsa motlakase li monate feela.
Ha li-synapses tsa motlakase li na le monyetla oa lebelo, matla a pontšo a fokotseha ha e ntse e tloha seleng e 'ngoe ho ea ho e latelang. Ka lebaka la tahlehelo ena ea matla a pontso, e hloka presynaptic neuron e kholo ho susumetsa li-neurone tse nyenyane haholo tsa postsynaptic. Li-syntapses tsa lik'hemik'hale li ka 'na tsa lieha, empa li ka fetisetsa molaetsa ntle le ho lahleheloa ke matla a pontšo. Mefuta e mengata ea presynaptic neurons e boetse e khona ho susumetsa esita le lisele tse khōlō haholo tsa postsynaptic.
Histori
Lentsoe synapse le ile la qalisoa ka lekhetlo la pele ka 1897 ke physologist Michael Foster ka "Textbook of Physiology" ea hae 'me le tsoa lentsoeng la Segerike synapsis , le bolelang "ho kopana."
> Mehloli:
> Freberg LA. Ho Tseba Boitšoaro ba Neuroscience . Boston: Ho ithuta Cengage. 2016.
> Freberg LA. Ho Fumana Tsebo ea Likokoana-hloko , Phetolelo ea Bobeli. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage ho ithuta. 2010