Likokoana-hloko tsa likokoana-hloko li fetola nako eohle. Ke ka lebaka leo re lokelang ho fumana lefu la ts'oaetso selemo se seng le se seng.
Tse ling tsa liphetoho tsena li nyenyane, empa ka linako tse ling ho na le liphetoho tse kholo tse etsang hore ho be le likokoana-hloko tse ncha tsa mafu a seoa. Ke mefuta ena e mecha ea kokoana-hloko ea kokoana-hloko eo litsebi li tšoenyehang ka eona hobane ke tsona tse ka bakang mafu a sefuba.
Lintho tse ling tseo u lokelang ho li tseba ka mefuta e mecha ea mafu a kokoana-hloko e kenyelletsa:
- batho, haholo-holo bana ba banyenyane, hangata ha ba na tšoaetso ea "libuka" kapa likokoana-hloko tse ncha tsa likokoana-hloko
- Likokoana-hloko tsa kokoana-hloko ea li-swine tse ka etsang hore batho ba kulang ba bitsoa likokoana-hloko tse fapaneng
- mefuta e meng ea kokoana-hloko ea mafu a mokuli a na le liphetoho tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ka nolofalletsang ho hasana ho liphoofolo ho batho kapa ho baka lefu le tebileng haholoanyane
Liphetoho tse fokolang tsa kokoana-hloko ea mafu a sefuba li bakoa ke mokhoa oa ho qhomela ha antigenic. Liphetoho tsa lefutso li ka baka liphetoho tse nyenyane ho kokoana-hloko ea mafu a sefuba e le hore li-antibodies tsa rona li se ke tsa e tseba 'me ha rea sireletsoa ka ho feletseng khahlanong le tšoaetso
Liphetoho tse kholo li bakoa ke ho fetoha ha li-antigen. Sena ke sona se ileng sa baka seoa sa 2009 sa H1N1 . Ho e-na le phetoho e bonolo kapa phetoho ka mokhoa o le mong oa mocheso, phetoho ea antigenic e bakoa ke phetoho e kholo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ho tsoa mefuteng e fapaneng ea mafu a mafu, hangata pakeng tsa liphoofolo le mathata a batho. Kahoo, ka ho fetoha ha li-antigen, ho na le kokoana-hloko ea mafu a mafu a ka 'nang a khona ho tšoaetsa linonyana kapa likolobe, a ka' na a fumana bokhoni ba ho hasa batho.
2016-1017 Sefu sa Flu
Lefu la sefuba le na le litsebi tseo litsebi li bolelang hore li tla ba teng ka ho fetisisa nakong ea feberu ea 2015-1016 ' me tse kenyelletsoeng nakong ea ho qetela ea sefuba sa feberu li kenyeletsa:
- A / California / 7/2009 (H1N1) kokoana-hloko ea pdm09
- e leng A / Switzerland / 9715293/2013 (H3N2) e kang kokoana-hloko
- e leng B / Phuket / 3073 / se-virus e kang ea 2013
- kokoana-hloko ea B / Brisbane / 60/2008 (liente tsa mafu a fefo feela)
Lefu la sefuba la H1N1 le bakang lefu la seoa hona joale le fetohile kokoana-hloko e 'ngoe ea mafu a seoa.
Selemo se tlang selemo sa selemo sa 2016-17 mefuta ea ente ea ente e tla kenyelletsa:
- A / California / 7/2009 (H1N1) kokoana-hloko ea pdm09
- e leng A / Hong Kong / 4801/2014 (H3N2) e kang kokoana-hloko
- le kokoana-hloko ea B / Brisbane / 60/2008 (B / Victoria lineage)
- liente tsa quadrivalent li tla kenyelletsa le seoa sa B / Phuket / 3073/2013 (B / Yamagata lineage)
Kahoo likarolo tse peli tsa ente ea selemo sa selemo se tla fetoha.
Ntaramane ea Ntja
Le hoja ba bangata ba rōna re tloaetse ho utloa ka feberu ea linonyana le mafu a likolobe, mafu a ntaramane ke ntho e ncha.
Ho utloa ka ts'oaetso ea ntja ea 2015 (Canine influenza) ho hlasela Chicago ho ka etsahala hore ebe ka bobeli ba maketse ebile ba tšoenyehile batho ba bangata. Ka lehlohonolo, mafu a ntaramane ha a tšoaetsanoe le batho. Lefu lena la H3N2 le qalileng lipere le ka aroha habonolo pakeng tsa lintja, le leng le etsang hore ho be le bohlokoa ho leka ho laola le ho thibela linyeoe tse ncha.
HPAI H5
Ho tloha ka December 2014, ho fumanoe mefuta e mengata ea likokoana-hloko tsa HCI (HPAI) H5 ho tsoa United States ka linonyana tse hlaha, Canada Goose, Mallards, Snowy Owl, joalo-joalo) le likhoho tse ruuoang lapeng, ho akarelletsa likhoho, li-turkeys le matata.
Linonyana tse limilione tse kulang bonyane linaheng tse 21 li lebisitse tlhokomelong ea CDC eo batho ba reng:
- qoba linonyana tse hlaha 'me u li boloke feela
- qoba ho ikopanya le linonyana (likhoho) tse bonahalang li kula kapa li shoele
- qoba ho ikopanya le libaka tse bonahalang eka li silafalitsoe ke lithethefatsi tsa linonyana tse hlaha kapa tsa malapeng.
Boemo ba bophelo bo botle ho batho ba tsoang mokakong ona oa nonyana bo nahanoa hore bo tlaase nakong ena leha ho le joalo.
Ho na le ho ameha ka hore ts'oaetso ea mokhachane oa nonyana e ka lebisa ho haelloa ke lehe, theko e phahameng ea mahe le theko e phahameng ea Turkey.
H3N2 mafu a sa tšoaneng
Seoa sa H3N2 (H3N2v) se sa tšoaneng se na le batho ba 12 ba kulang ka 2011. Ena ke kokoana-hloko ea mafu a sefuba ao hangata a fokolang likolobe, empa o ne a khona ho etsa batho ba kulang - haholo-holo batho ba neng ba kile ba ikopanya le likolobe tse nang le tšoaetso.
Ena ke ho qhoma ho tsoelang pele. Ka 2012, nyeoe e lekana le tšoaetso ea H3N2v e eketsehile ho fihlela ho 309 liprofinseng tse 12.
Le hoja re bone liketsahalo tse ling ho tloha ka nako eo, joalo ka lilemong tse fetileng, ho na le ho ata ho fokolang ho tloha ho motho e mong ho ea ho o mong. Tsena ke litaba tse ntle ho rona kaofela, empa batho ba itseng ba ntse ba lokela ho hlokolosi, haholo-holo ba kotsing e kholo ea mafu a mafu a mafu . CDC e khothalletsa hore ba qobe matlo a likolobe le likolobe lijong tsa temo.
E le ho qoba ho fumana H3N2v ho tloha ka kolobe, ho boetse ke habohlokoa hore e mong le e mong a re:
- hlapa matsoho ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ka mor'a ho pepa likolobe
- qoba ho ja lijo le ho noa likolobe
- qoba ho nka mohalali oa ngoan'a hao, lipapali, botlolo ea lesea, kapa pacifier, joalo-joalo, ho potoloha likolobe
- lula hole le kolobe leha e le efe e kulang
Hopola hore u ke ke ua bolela kamehla hore kolobe e na le H3N2v. Joaloka mafu a batho, likolobe tse ling li ka tšoaetsoa ke kokoana-hloko 'me li na le matšoao feela a bonolo kapa ha ho na matšoao ho hang ebile li ka tšoaetsanoa ho ba bang.
'Me kahobane kokoana-hloko ea mafu a mafu a ka kopana' me a fetela ho mefuta e mecha, o lokela ho qoba likolobe haeba o kula ka lefuba.
Ho ne ho e-na le linyeoe tse 19 feela tsa H3N2v US ka 2013, empa ke linyeoe tse tharo feela ka selemo sa 2014 le 2015.
Ho fihlela joale, ka 2016, bonyane ho na le linyeoe tse 'nè tsa H3N2v, tsohle tse Ohio le Michigan.
H7N9 Ho phatloha ha Sefofane sa Nonyana
Ho phatloha ha H7N9 ho 2013 ho ne ho e-na le batho ba bangata ba amehileng, kaha ho ne ho e-na le batho ba 44 ba bolailoeng likarong tse 132 feela ka 2013. Ho bile le linyeoe tse 'maloa ho baeti ba tsoang China, ho kenyelletsa le batho ba kulang Canada le Malaysia.
Ka lehlohonolo, mofuta ona oa feberu ea linonyana ha e e-s'o ka e atleha ho tloha ho motho e mong ho ea ho o mong. Ho e-na le hoo, ho nahanoa hore batho ba kula ka lebaka la ho pepesehela likhoho tse nang le tšoaetso, haholo-holo limmarakeng tsa linonyana tse phelang.
Ho qhoqhoa ha mathoasong a 2013 ho ne ho bonahala eka ho fetile, empa linyeoe tse ncha li bonahala li eketseha selemo se seng le se seng. Hona joale bonyane ho na le linyeoe tse 798 tsa tšoaetso ea H7N9, haholo-holo Chaena, bonyane ba 212 ba shoang.
H5N1
Ho phaella ho H7N9, ho na le mofuta o mong oa feberu ea linonyana e 'nileng ea e-ba teng ka nako e telele - H5N1 e nang le mafu a likokoana-hloko a nang le pathogenic.
Pele e fumanoeng ka 2003, bonyane ho bile le linyeoe tse 664 tsa HPAI H5N1 linaheng tse 15 mme bonyane ba 391 ba shoang.
Boholo ba linyeoe tsena li Asia le leboea-bochabela Afrika, haholo-holo Egepeta le Indonesia. Haeba u tla etela e 'ngoe ea libaka tsena, CDC e khothaletsa hore u qobe ho etela mapolasi a likhoho, limmaraka tsa linonyana le libaka tse ling moo likhoho tse phelang li tsositsoeng, li bolokiloeng, kapa li rekisoang.
Joaloka H7N9, mofuta ona oa feberu ea linonyana ha ho bonahale eka e jala pakeng tsa batho.
H9N2
Liketsahalo tse peli tse ncha tsa influenza ea A (H9N2) ea levian li ile tsa boela tsa tiisoa ka 2013, ka bobeli Chaena.
Mofuta ona oa feberu ea linonyana o atisa ho baka matšoao a bonolo, kahoo ha ho nahane hore e kotsi haholo hona joale.
H10N8
Tlhahlobo e ncha ea mafu a macha a feberu ea avian ho batho ba nang le tšoaetso, A (H10N8), e se e tiisitsoe hore e na le tšoaetso ea bonyane batho ba babeli Chaena ho tloha ka January 2014.
Ketsahalong e 'ngoe, mosali ea lilemo li 55 ea neng a e-ea' marakeng oa temo o ile a ba le pneumonia e matla 'me o ne a le boemong bo boima. Motho e mong ea nang le tšoaetso ea H10N8 o shoele qetellong ea 2013.
Seo U Lokelang ho se Tseba ka Masoana a Macha a Ncha
Ho ka ba ntho e tšosang ho nahana hore ts'oaetso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ncha e ka baka tšoaetso e ncha ea mafu a sefuba le palo e kholo ea batho ba shoang ke feberu . Ka lehlohonolo, mefuta ena ea likokoana-hloko e sa tloaeleha.
Lintho tse ling tseo u lokelang ho li tseba ka mefuta e mecha ea mafu a kokoana-hloko e kenyelletsa:
- Lithethefatsi tsa meriana ea likokoana-hloko, ho akarelletsa le Tamiflu (oseltamivir) le Relenza (zanamivir), hangata e ka sebelisoa ho phekola mefuta e mecha ea mafu a fefo, esita le ha thibelo e sa fumaneha.
- Mefuta e mecha ea mafu a kokoana-hloko e ncha e tsoela pele ho fetoha, e leng se ka bolelang hore kokoana-hloko ea HPAI H5N1 e ka hlahisa bokhoni ba ho ata ka mokhoa o bonolo ho tloha ho motho e mong ho ea ho o mong.
- Litho tse peli tsa H le N tsa H7N9 ke mathata a macha a neng a e-s'o fumane batho ba kulang. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ke karolo ea H feela ea H5N1 e ncha har'a batho.
- Ho bile le liketsahalo tse fokolang tsa mafu a H7 Amerika Leboea nakong e fetileng, ho kopanyelletsa le H7N3 Canada ka 2004 (litlokotsi tse peli tsa batho), H7N2 New York ka 2003 (nyeoe ea motho), le H7N2 Virginia ka 2002 (nyeoe e le 'ngoe). Ho fapana le H5N1, tsena tsohle e ne e le likokoana-hloko tse fokolang likokoana-hloko tsa avian.
- Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa bophelo bo botle o na le lenaneo la ho laola le ho shebella mokhathollo oa lefatše ho thusa ho fumana le ho khetholla mefuta e mecha ea mafu a fefo.
Habohlokoa le ho feta, ente e entsoeng ke mafu a fefo e ka sireletsang khahlanong le mefuta eohle ea mafu a fefo, ka tšepo e tla re sireletsa ka letsatsi le leng ho tsoa mefuteng efe kapa efe ea kokoana-hloko ea mafu a macha.
Ho fihlela nakong eo, ke habohlokoa hore re tsoele pele ho shebella le ho hlahloba mefuta ena e mecha ea kokoana-hloko ea mafu a likhutsana, ho sebetsa ho hlahisa meriana e mecha ea ho thibela tšoaetso, liente tse ncha, le mekhoa ea ho fokotsa ho ata ha likokoana-hloko tsena ho tloha liphoofolong ho ea ho batho. Etsa bonnete ba hore o tla bolella ngaka haeba o hlahisa matšoao a mafu a sefuba 'me o sa tsoa etela sebakeng seo mefuta ena e mecha ea kokoana-hloko ea mafu a sefuba e tsejoang e le ho etsa hore batho ba kula.
> CDC. Thibelo le Bolaoli ba Tlhaselo ea Sekhooa le Liente: Lihlopha tsa Komiti ea Boeletsi ea Litloaelo tsa ho Koetlisa (ACIP) - United States, 2014-15 Mokokotlo oa Khoeli. MMWR. La 15 August, 2014/63 (32); 691-697.
> CDC. Virusi ea Influenza A (H7N9) Virus. http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/h7n9-virus.htm. E fihlile ka July 2013.
> WHO. Kakaretso ea Likotsi tsa Khoeli le Khoeli. http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/HAI_Risk_Assessment/en/index.html Fihletsoe ho February 2014.
> CDC. Influenza A (H3N2) Mofuta o fapaneng oa Virus. http://www.cdc.gov/flu/swineflu/h3n2v-cases.htm. E fihlile ka July 2013.
> Diana L. Ho lokisa mekhoa ea ho laola mafu a likhutsana ho rarolla likokoana-hloko tse hlahang. American Journal of Physiology - Lung ea Cellular le Molecular Physiology. 2013 Jul; 305 (2): L108-17.
> Sasiesekharan, Ram. Mekhoa ea Boits'oaro ea ho Etsahala ka tlhaho H5N1 Hemagglutinin ho Fetola Tsela e Ncha ea Receptor. Cell, Volume 153, Khaolo ea 7, 1475-1485, la 06 June 2013.