Mohloli oa Boitsebiso bo Boholo ka Meriana
Tlhaloso e hlakileng ea boitsebiso bo bongata ba bongaka ke "kakaretso ea lintlha tse amanang le tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ba bakuli" (Raghupathi 2014). Empa hantle hore na mefuta ee ea data ke efe, hona e tsoa hokae?
Lintlha tse latelang ke pono e pharaletseng ea mefuta le mehloli ea lintlha tse kholo tsa thahasello ho bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo, bafuputsi, bafani, baetsi ba melao, le indasteri.
Likarolo tsena ha lia kopane, hobane data e tšoanang e ka tsoa mehloling e sa tšoaneng.
Kapa lethathamo lena ha le na tekano, hobane ts'ebeliso e sebetsang ea lisebelisoa tse kholo li tla tsoelapele ho atolosa.
Mekhoa ea Boitsebiso ba Meriana
Tsena ke mehloli ea setso ea lits'ebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ba tloaetseng ho sheba.
- Litlaleho tsa bophelo bo botle ba elektronike (EHRs) li bokella, li boloka le ho bontša boitsebiso bo kang ba palo ea batho, histori ea bongaka e fetileng, mathata a bongaka a sebetsang, liente tsa mafu, meriana, meriana, matšoao a bohlokoa, liphello tse tsoang litekong tsa laboratori le radiology, litlaleho tsa mafu a bophelo, litlaleho tsa tsoelo-pele tse entsoeng ke tlhokomelo ea bophelo bafani, le litokomane tsa tsamaiso le tsa lichelete
- Litlaleho tsa bongaka tsa elektronike (EMRs) ha li tšoane le EHRs 'me hangata li amana le boitsebiso bo bolokiloeng le ngaka e itseng.
- Liphetoho tsa litaba tsa bophelo bo botle li sebetsa joaloka li-hubs pakeng tsa mekhoa e fapaneng ea tlhaho ea tlhahisoleseding
- Litlaleho tsa bakuli ba mamello, tse bolokiloeng ke mekhatlo ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo ho bakuli ba bona, hangata li amahanngoa le EHR. Litlaleho tse ling tsa litlaleho liente, kankere, mahlomola, le litaba tse ling tsa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba sebakeng se seholo.
- Li-portal tsa mamello li lumella bakuli hore ba fihlele boitsebiso ba bophelo bo botle bo bolokiloeng ho mokhatlo oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ba EHR. Mecha e meng ea mamello e boetse e lumella basebedisi hore ba kope ho hloekisa mangolo le ho fetola melaetsa e sireletsehileng ea elektronike le sehlopha sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo.
- Litsi tsa tlhokomelo ea litšebeletso tsa bongaka li akaretsa lits'ebeletso tsa lits'oaelo tsa bakuli ho tloha mekhoeng e mengata ea boitsebiso ba lits'ebeletso tsa bophelo, tse kang EHR le mehloli e meng e thathamisitsoeng
Ditaba tsa Boipiletso ho tswa ho Litefiso
Bafani ba sechaba (mohlala, Medicare) le bafani ba lekunutu ba na le litlaleho tse kholo tsa litlaleho tsa litlaleho ho bafani ba bona. Ba bang ba inshorense ea bophelo bo botle hona joale ba boetse ba fana ka ts'usumetso ea ho arolelana lintlha tsa bophelo ba hau.
Lithuto tsa Lipatlisiso
Lipatlisiso tsa lipatlisiso li na le tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le barupeluoa ba ithutoang, phekolo ea liteko le liphello tsa meriana. Hangata lithuto tse kholo li tšehetsoa ke lik'hamphani tsa meriana kapa mekhatlo ea 'muso. Kopo ea meriana e ikemetseng ke ho bapisa bakuli ba nang le phekolo e atlehang, ho thehiloe ho litekanyetso litabeng tsa liteko tsa kliniki.
Mokhoa ona o fetela ho feta ho sebelisa melao-motheo ea meriana e thehiloeng bopaking, eo mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a fanang ka eona hore na mokuli a arolelana litšobotsi tse kae (mohlala, lilemo, tekano, morabe, boemo ba litliniki) le barupeluoa ba lekang. Ka litlhahlobo tse kholo tsa data, ho ka khoneha ho khetha phekolo e thehiloeng boitsebisong bo bongata ba granular, joalo ka liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa kankere ea mokuli (sheba ka tlaase).
Mekhoa ea ts'ehetso ea litšebeletso tsa meriana (CDSS) le eona e ntse e tsoela pele ka potlako 'me joale e emela karolo e kholo ea bohlale ba maiketsetso (AI) meriana.
Ba sebelisa boitsebiso ba mokuli ho thusa baoki ba nang le liqeto 'me hangata ba kopantsoe le EHRs.
Li-database tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso
Boitsebiso ba liphatsa tsa lefutso bo ntse bo eketseha ka potlako. Ho tloha ha morero oa Human Genome o phethiloe ka 2003, litšenyehelo tsa DNA ea ho tlosa tlhokomelo ea batho li fokotsehile ka makhetlo a milione. Lenaneo la Bophelo ba Botho (PGP), le qalileng ka 2005 ke Harvard Medical School, le batla ho latellana le ho phatlalatsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse feletseng tsa baithaopi ba 100 000 ba tsoang ho pota lefatše. PGP ka boeona ke mohlala o motle oa morero o moholo oa dintlha ka lebaka la bolumo bo bongata le lits'ebeletso tsa dintlha.
Genome ea motho ka mong e na le li-gigabyte tse ka bang 100 tsa data. Ntle le ho hlophisa li-genomes, PGP e boetse e bokella boitsebiso bo tsoang ho EHRs, lipatlisiso, le profiles ea microbiome.
Lik'hamphani tse 'maloa li fana ka liphatsa tsa lefutso tse hlalosang lihlahisoa tsa bophelo bo botle, mekhoa ea botho le pharmacogenetics ka mokhoa oa khoebo.
Boitsebiso bona ba botho bo ka fanoa ka litlhahlobo tse kholo tsa lintlha. Ka mohlala, 23 le 'Mè o ile a khaotsa ho fana ka litlaleho tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso ho bareki ba bacha ho tloha ka la 22 November, 2013, ho latela tsamaiso ea US Food and Drug Administration. Leha ho le joalo, ka 2015, khampani e ile ea qala ho fana ka likarolo tse ling tsa bophelo bo botle ba tlhahlobo ea lisebelisoa tsa bona tsa lefutso hape, lekhetlong lena ka tumello ea FDA.
Litlaleho tsa Sechaba
'Muso o boloka litlaleho tse qaqileng tsa liketsahalo tse amanang le bophelo bo botle, tse kang bojaki, lenyalo, tsoalo le lefu. Census ea United States e bokelletse boitsebiso bo bongata ka lilemo tse 10 ho tloha ka 1790. Litsekete tsa Census 'websaeteng li ne li e-na le lisele tse 370 limilione tse likete tse 37 tsa 2013, tse nang le limilione tse 11 tse eketsehileng selemo le selemo.
Liphetolelo tsa Web
Boitsebiso bo batlisiso ba Websaete bo bokelitsoeng ke Google le bahlahisi ba bang ba ho batla lipatlisiso ba ka fana ka tsebo ea nako ea sebele mabapi le bophelo ba baahi. Leha ho le joalo, bohlokoa ba dintlha tse kholo ho latela mekhoa ea lipatlisiso tsa hau bo ka ntlafatsoa ka ho kopanya le mehloli ea setso ea data ea bophelo bo botle.
Media Media
Facebook, Twitter le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa mecha ea litaba tsa sechaba li hlahisa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea lintlha ho pota-pota nako, ho fana ka pono libakeng, mekhoa ea bophelo bo botle, maikutlo le litšebelisano tsa sechaba tsa basebelisi. Ho sebelisoa ha litaba tsa sechaba sechabeng ho bophelo bo botle ba sechaba ho 'nile ha bitsoa boloetse ba li-digital kapa mafu a li-digital. Ka mohlala, Twitter e 'nile ea sebelisetsoa ho hlahloba mafu a mafu a likhutsana har'a batho bohle.
Morero oa Lefatše oa Boiketlo o qalileng Univesithing ea Pennsylvania ke mohlala o mong oa ho ithuta litaba tsa sechaba ho utloisisa phihlelo ea batho le bophelo bo botle hamolemo. Morero ona o bokella li-psychologists, litsebi tsa lipalo-palo le bo-rasaense ba k'homphieutha ba hlalosang puo e sebelisoang ha ba sebelisana Inthaneteng, ka mohlala, ha ba ngolla boemo ba boemo ba ho Facebook le Twitter. Bo-rasaense ba shebile kamoo puo ea basebelisi e amanang kateng le bophelo ba bona le thabo ea bona. Tsoelo-pele ea ho fetolela puo ea tlhaho le ho ithuta mochine e thusa ka mesebetsi ea bona. Sengoliloeng sa morao tjena se tsoang Univesithi ea Pennsylvania se shebile litsela tsa ho bolela esale pele boloetse ba kelello ka ho hlahloba litaba tsa sechaba. Ho bonahala eka matšoao a ho tepella maikutlong le maemo a mang a bophelo bo botle ba kelello a ka fumanoa ka ho ithuta tsela eo re sebelisang Inthanete ka eona. Bo-rasaense ba na le tšepo ea bokamoso mekhoa ena e tla tseba ho tseba le ho thusa batho ba kotsing.
Inthanete ea Lintho (IoT)
Matšoao a maholohali a tlhahisoleseding e amanang le bophelo a boetse a bokelloa a bile a bolokoa lisebelisoa tsa thepa le malapeng .
- Lisebelisoa tsa Smartphones : Lits'ebeletso tsa Bophelo tse likete tse ngata li fumana boitsebiso bo etsoang ke mosebetsing, ho ja lijo tse nang le phepo e nepahetseng, mekhoa ea ho robala, maikutlo, le mehato e meng. Lisebelisoa tsa selefouno tsa selefouno (mohlala, GPS, imeile, melaetsa) e ka fana ka lintlha ka boemo ba bophelo ba motho.
- Lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tse hlollang: Pedometers, accelerometers, likhalase, litebelisoa le litsupa tse kenngoa ka tlas'a letlalo li boetse li bokella boitsebiso bo amanang le bophelo 'me li ka boela tsa li romela lerung.
- Lisebelisoa tsa Telemedicine li lumella bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo hore ba shebe likarolo tsa bakuli tse kang khatello ea mali, lebelo la pelo, tefo ea ho hema, oksijene, mocheso, litsela tsa ECG le boima ba 'mele.
Litšenyehelo tsa lichelete
Likarabo tsa karete ea mokitlane li kenyelelitsoe mekhoeng e boletsoeng esale pele e sebelisoang ke Carolinas HealthCare System ho khetholla bakuli ba kotsing e kholo ea ho khutlisetsoa sepetlele. Setsi sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ba Charlotte se sebelisa lintlha tse kholo ho arola bakuli ho lihlopha tse sa tšoaneng, ka mohlala, ho thehiloe maloetse le libaka tsa sebaka seo.
Boemo ba Boits'oaro le Boinotši
E lokela ho totobatsoa hore, maemong a mang, ho ka 'na ha e-ba le maikutlo a bohlokoa le a boinotši ha ho bokelloa le ho fumana boitsebiso litabeng tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo. Mehloli e mecha ea lintlha tse ngata e ka ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea rona ea se amehang ho batho le bophelo bo botle ba sechaba, leha ho le joalo, likotsi tse sa tšoaneng li hloka ho hlahlojoa ka hloko le ho hlahlojoa. Hona joale e boetse e tsejoe hore lintlha tse neng li nkoa li sa tsejoe pele, li ka boela tsa fumanoa. Ka mohlala, Moprofesa Latanya Sweeney oa Lekala la Boikarabello ba Ditaba tsa Harvard o ile a hlahloba baithaopi ba 1 130 ba kenyelletsoeng Phatlalatsong ea Botho. Eena le sehlopha sa hae ba ile ba khona ho bolela ka ho nepahetseng lebitso la 42 lekholong la barupeluoa ho latela boitsebiso boo ba bo arolelaneng (khoutu, letsatsi la tsoalo, tekano). Tsebo ena e ka eketsa kutloisiso ea rona ka likotsi tse ka 'nang tsa re thusa ho etsa liqeto tse molemo ho arolelana dintlha.
> Mehloli:
> Conway M, O'Connor D. Mecha ea litaba, litaba tse kholo, le bophelo bo botle ba kelello: tsoelo-pele ea morao-rao le boitšoaro bo teng. Maikutlo a Hona joale ho Psychology 2016; 9: 77-82.
> Fernandes L, O'Connor M, Weaver V. Boholo boitsebiso, liphello tse kholo. Journal of The American Health Information Management Association 2012; 83 (10): 38-43
> Guntuku S, Yaden D, Kern M, Ungar L, Eichstaedt J. Ho lemoha ho tepella maikutlong le mafu a kelello litabeng tsa sechaba: tlhahlobo e kopanetsoeng . Maikutlo a Hona joale ka Sciences ea Boitšoaro 2017; 18: 43-49.
> Lazer D, Kennedy R, Morena G, Vespignani A. Papiso ea Google Flu: Maraba ho Big Data Analysis . Saense 2014; 343 (6176): 1203-1205.
> Raghupathi W, Raghupathi V. Big data analytics in healthcare: tšepiso le bokhoni ba al. Boitsebiso ba Bophelo bo Botle Saense le Ts'ebetso 2014 2: 3.
> Sweeney L, Abu A, Winn J. Barupeluoa ba Khethollang Sebopeho sa Botho ka Lebitso . Univesithing ea Harvard. Boitsebiso ba Boitsebiso ba Litaba White Paper 1021-1. La 24 April, 2013.