Mokhoa o tloaelehileng ke motsoako o se nang mebala le o matla o nang le lik'hemik'hale tse ka fetolang litšoantšo tsa likhetho tsa sekolo sa sekolo se phahameng le litho tsa botlolo, mohlomong ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea eona ea pele e le moemeli oa ho tlotsa setopo. Ha li kopantsoe metsing, ntho e fetoha formalin, e leng lik'hemik'hale tse fapaneng tsa formaldehyde.
Formalin ke moemeli ea atisang ho fumanoa li laboratori tsa bongaka ho pota lefatše, kaha "o lokisa" lisele tsa maiketsetso; li-sampuli tse joalo tsa biologic li boleloa e le "formalin e tsitsitseng, parafine e kenngoa" ha formalin e etsa li-cross-link tse ling tse bolokang sesebelisoa, 'me parafine e kenngoa meleng e sebelisetsoa ho fana ka matla le matla a ho lumella sampula hore e be sliced thinly 'me o behoa sethaleng bakeng sa ho shebella lintho tse nyenyane.
Tšebeliso ea formaldehyde le formalin ha e felle feela merianeng, leha ho le joalo, le formaldehyde e atile haholo tikolohong ho feta kamoo motho a ka nahanang kateng. Lethathamo le lekhutšoanyane la lihlahisoa tse nang le tsona kapa tse entsoeng ka formaldehyde li latela:
- Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa ho haha, ho akarelletsa le lihlahisoa tse entsoeng ka majoe, tse kang petleboard, plywood le fiberboard
- Li-glues tse ling le li-adhesive
- Matheka a sa feleng
- Liaparo tsa lihlahisoa tsa pampiri
- Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa ho senya
- Li-fungicides tsa indasteri, likokoana-hloko le likokoana-hloko
- Li-preservatives li-mortuaries le laboratories tsa bongaka
Mokhoa o tloaelehileng o boetse o hlaha ka tlhaho tikolohong. Ha e le hantle, e hlahisoa ka lichelete tse nyenyane ka lintho tse phelang e le karolo ea metabolism e tloaelehileng.
E Qalile ho Sebelisoa Neng?
Mokhoa o tloaelehileng o ne o hatisoa ka lekhetlo la pele Jeremane ka 1880, hamorao Belgium, France le United States. Histori, pele formaldehyde e ne e sebelisoa haholo-holo e le mohlokomeli oa bongaka, kapa moemeli oa ho tlotsa setopo.
Kajeno, tšebeliso e joalo e emela tlase ho karolo e le 'ngoe lekholong ea pie. Sebelisa ka tlung ea particle, e qalileng ka 1940 Jeremane e ne e le e 'ngoe ea liindasteri tsa pele tsa lik'hemik'hale.
E Etsoa'ng ho Kajeno?
Ho hakanngoa hore mefuta e fetang limilione tse 3,6 tsa formaldehyde ka selemo e hlahisoa ke baetsi ba Europe feela, e sebelisoang indastering e fapaneng e kenyelletsang ho haha, likoloi, lifofane le tlhokomelo ea bophelo.
Ka 2012, Chaena e ne e le sehlahisoa se kholo ka ho fetisisa, se lateloa ke US le linaheng tse ling. Ho hakanngoa hore tlhahiso ea lefatše ea formaldehyde e feta lithane tse limilione tse 52 tsa metricone ka 2017.
Mokhoa o tloaelehileng o fokotseha haholo ebile o na le litšobotsi tsa ho futhumatsa mocheso, kahoo o sebelisoa ho hlahisa likarolo tse ngata tsa bohlokoa tsa lifofane ho kopanyelletsa likarolo tsa likoloi, liphaephetso tsa ho hema, ho koala lemati le lifensetere le ho kenya letsoho motlakase. Li-resin tse nyenyane tse sebelisoang ka formaldehyde li sebelisoa indastering ea masela ho thusa lieta tse kenngoeng masela le ho thibela mebala hore e se ke ea sebetsa ha liaparo li hlatsuoa.
Batho ba Bontša Hore ke Batho ba Tloaelehileng?
Ho ea ka Mokhatlo oa American Cancer, tsela e ka sehloohong eo batho ba pepesehileng ka formaldehyde ke ka ho phalla, leha ho le joalo ho ka khoneha ho pepesoa ka letlalo kapa ka ho ja lijo kapa ho noa metsi a nang le formaldehyde. Mokhoa o tloaelehileng o kopanang le seo ho thoeng ke "mucosa" ea ho hema, lisele tse kenang molomong, motsoako oa nko le meea, li ka senyeha ke li-enzyme tse ka tlaase ho karolo ea boraro ea tsona li kenang mali.
Moea o ka hare le moea o ka ntle o na le moralo o monyenyane oa formaldehyde ka tloaelo. Litekanyo tsena hangata li ka tlaase ho 0,03 likarolo ka milione.
Koloi ea koloi ke mohloli o moholo oa formaldehyde moeeng o ka ntle, athe maemo a ka hare a formaldehyde a fuoa menehelo ho tsoa linthong tse kang lihlahisoa tse entsoeng ka lehong tse nang le resin formaldehyde, li-stoves tse sa kenngoeng ka ntle le li-heater. Mosi oa koae hape ke mohloli oa formaldehyde, 'me bonyane thuto e le' ngoe e fumane maemo a phahameng a formaldehyde a tlamehang ho DNA ka lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali tse tsubang ha li bapisoa le batho ba sa tsitseng.
Mokhoa o fokolang oa tlhaho o ka ama bophelo bo botle joang?
Batho ba 'nileng ba pepesoa ka ho phunyeletsoa ho ea ho maemo a 0,0 ho ea ho 0.5 ppm ho tlalehoa hore ba na le ho halefisoa ke meno le mahlo, liphello tsa meriana, le ho eketseha kotsing ea ho ba le pherekano le / kapa ho fokotsa lintho.
Eczema le liphetoho ts'ebetsong ea matšoao li 'nile tsa hlokomeloa ka mekhahlelo ea 0,6 ho ea ho 1.9 ppm. Boima ba 'mele bo fokotsehang, liso tsa' meleng, tšoaetso ea sebete le ea liphio li ne li bonoa ka liphoofolo molomong o pepesehileng ho limililo tse 50-100 / kilogram / letsatsi (mg / kg / letsatsi) formaldehyde.
Na ho na le Mofuta o Tloaelehileng oa Lebaka la Kankere?
Ka bomalimabe, karabo ea potso ena e bonahala eka ke "ee" hona joale. Ka mantsoe a mang, lihlopha tse fapa-fapaneng li hlokomela hore ho na le kotsi ea ho ntlafatsoa ha kankere ka lebaka la ho pepeseha ha formaldehyde, empa boholo kapa boholo ba kotsi ena ha e hlake. Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho (HHS) le ile la etsa qeto ka 2011 hore formaldehyde ke kankere e tsebahalang ea batho e thehiloeng lithuputsong tsa batho le liphoofolo.
Na ho tloaelehile ho ipapisa le lefu la kankere le tse ling tsa kankere ea mali?
Ha ho ntse ho bonahala eka lehare la kankere le sebelisoa ka ho khetheha bakeng sa lik'hemik'hale tsa mali -hore kotsi e tobileng ea kankere e tsoang ho formaldehyde ha e tsejoe- lefu la leukemia , 'me ka ho khetheha sehlopha sa leukemia se tsejoang e le myeloid leukemia , se' nile sa boleloa ke mekhatlo e seng mekae e kopanetsoeng le sethomo sa formaldehyde . Tlhaloso ea kakaretso ka kotsi e tsoang ho formaldehyde ho American Cancer Society:
Ho bonts'oa ho formaldehyde ho bontšitsoe hore e bakile kankere ho liphoofolo tsa tlhahlobo ea laboratori. Ho ipapisa le maemo a mangata a formaldehyde metseng ea bongaka le ea mosebetsi ho 'nile ha amahanngoa le mefuta e itseng ea kankere ho batho, empa phello ea ho pepesehela lichelete tse nyenyane ha e hlake hantle.
ACS e boetse e tlaleha hore lipatlisiso tse 'maloa li fumane hore batsoetse le litsebi tsa bongaka tse sebelisang formaldehyde li na le kotsing e eketsehileng ea kankere ea mali, haholo-holo lefu la kankere ea myeloid: "Liphuputso tse ling tsa basebetsi ba indasteri ba pepesehileng le formaldehyde le tsona li fumane likotsi tse eketsehileng tsa kankere ea mali, empa eseng lithuto tsohle li bontšitse kotsi e eketsehileng. "
Bafuputsi ba National Cancer Institute ba fihlile qeto ea hore, ho latela boitsebiso bo tsoang lipatlisisong ho batho le ho lipatlisiso tsa labor, ho pepeseha ha formaldehyde ho ka baka kankere ea mali, haholo-holo myeloid leukemia, ho batho.
EPA ea US e re: "Mokhoa o tloaelehileng o ka baka ho halefa ha letlalo, mahlo, nko le mohope. Maemong a phahameng a ho pepeseha a ka baka mefuta e meng ea kankere. "Lekala lena le fana ka litekanyetso le litekanyo tse itseng mabapi le maemo a formaldehyde le kotsi:
- EPA ea US e entse qeto ea hore ho pepesehela formaldehyde ka metsi a nooang ho limilimithara tse 10 ho isa ho tse 10 (mg / L) bakeng sa letsatsi le le leng kapa 5 mg / L ka matsatsi a 10 ha ho lebeletsoe ho baka liphello leha e le life tse bohloko ho bana.
- EPA e boetse e entse qeto ea hore nako eohle ea bophelo ba 1 mg / L ea formaldehyde ka metsi a nooang ha e lebelloe hore e bake liphello tse ling tsa bophelo bo bobe.
Mekhatlo e meng e boetse e busa ka mokhoa oa formaldehyde:
- Tsamaiso ea Occupational Health and Safety (OSHA) e na le boikutlo bo fokolang ba basebetsi ka karolelano ea 0.75 ppm bakeng sa letsatsi la mosebetsi oa lihora tse 8, mosebetsi oa lihora tse 40.
- Lefapha la Matlo le Ntlo ea Metseng ea United States (HUD) le behile litekanyetso tsa tsamaiso ea formaldehyde mahaeng a hahiloeng ka tlaase ho 0,2 ppm bakeng sa plywood le 0,3 ppm bakeng sa boto. Litekanyetso tsa HUD li etselitsoe ho fana ka moea o lekaneng oa 0,4 ppm kapa o ka tlase ho matlo a hahiloeng.
Liphuputso Tse Lekang ho Etsa Tšobotsi Tšusumetso ea Lisele tsa Mali
Haeba kannete ke hore formaldehyde e tlisa kotsing ea kankere ea mali, joale ho ka etsahala hore ebe sena se etsahala seo bo-rasaense ba ka se bonang. Eo e ne e le mohopolo o lebisang thuputsong e phatlalalitsoeng khatisong ea May 2017 ea Tlhahlobo e Bohlokoa ho Toxicology e ileng ea hlahloba phello ea sethaleng sa formaldehyde bophelong ba basebetsi ba pepesehileng formaldehyde ho e 'ngoe ea liindasteri tse sebelisang kapa ho hlahisa limela tsa formaldehyde-melamine Chaena.
Liphuputso tse fetileng li fumane hore ho pepeseha ho joalo ho baka tšenyo ho lisele tsa ho etsa mali maling. Phuputsong ea hona joale, bafuputsi ba ile ba leka ho theha boteng ba liphetoho tse itseng tsa lisele tsa lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali ho arabela ka mokhoa oa formaldehyde. Ba ne ba sa khone ho bontša phapang pakeng tsa lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali, granulocyte, platelet le lisele tse khubelu tsa lisele tsa mali tse neng li itšetlehile ka maemo a formaldehyde. Har'a basebetsi ba hlahisitsoeng ke formaldehyde, ha ho na setsoalle se neng se bonoa pakeng tsa litekanyo tsa maemo a tloaelehileng a formaldehyde le likarolo tsa li-chromosome tse sa tloaelehang ka liseleng. Phuputso ena ha ea ka ea paka hore formaldehyde e sireletsehile, empa ho e-na le hore liphello tse kotsi tsa formaldehyde ha li bonahale li bakiloe ke phetoho ea nomoro ea chromosome, bonyane eseng ka tekanyo ea liteko.
Lentsoe le Tsoang ho
Le hoja bo-rasaense ba ntse ba tsoela pele ho leka ho utloisisa likotsi tse bakoang ke tlhahiso ea formaldehyde, ho na le lintho tse ling tseo u ka li etsang lapeng ho leka ho fokotsa boemo ba hau. EPA e khothaletsa ho sebelisa lihlahisoa tse entsoeng ka lehong "ka ntle-ntle" esita le ka tlung. Kamoo ho bonahalang kateng, lihlahisoa tsena li tsoa ka ntle ho formaldehyde ka lebaka la lik'hemik'hale tsa li-adhesives tse sebelisitsoeng.
U ka boela ua botsa ka li-formaldehyde tseo u li rekang-ha u reka lihlahisoa tse entsoeng ka lehong, ho kenyeletsa thepa ea mohaho, mekete ea liphahlo le thepa ea thepa, joalo-joalo.
Maemong a formaldehyde lapeng a ka fokotseha ka ho se lumelle ho tsuba ka tlung. U boetse u batla ho etsa bonnete ba hore u na le moea o motle. 'Me ho hong hoo u ka nahanang ka ha ho behoa hantle thermostat ea hao ke hore mocheso o itekanetseng le ho fokotsa maemo a mongobo lia khothatsoa. Batho ba bang ba boloka chelete ka ho se phomise ntlo ha ba le sieo, empa ha le batle ho lumella mocheso oa lapeng hore o be o feteletseng haholo.
> Mehloli:
> Mokhatlo oa Kankere oa Amerika. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/formaldehyde.html
> Mundt KA, Gallagher AE, Dell LD, et al. Na ts'ebetsong ea formaldehyde ho etsa hore mosebetsi o sebetse ka lebaka la haematropicity le kankere e khethehileng ea chromosome e fetoloa liseleng tse tsoetseng pele tsa myeloid? Crit Rev Toxicol . 2017 ka la 2: 1-11.
> ToxFAQs TM bakeng sa Formaldehyde. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tfacts111.pdf