Bakeng sa batho ba bangata, ka masoabi pale ea autism e qala ka Andrew Wakefield.
Batho ba bangata ba utloisisa hore lithuto tsa hae tsa bohata le lipatlisiso tse sa amoheloeng li tšositse batho ho tsoa likhutsana tsa bona, empa mohlomong li entse hore batho ba lumele seoa sa autism se kopantsoeng le liente.
Batho ba bang ba ea ho fihlela ba botsa hore na batho ba baholo ba autistic ke eng ha ho se na seoa se secha sa autism se bakileng keketseho ea tšebeliso ea ente.
Histori ea Autism
Haeba u nka nako e seng kae ho utloisisa histori ea autism, ho bonolo ho bona hore ho na le batho ba bangata ba baholo ba autistic ba potolohileng le hore autism e bile nako e telele.
Pale ea sebele ea autism e khutlela morao lilemo tse mashome a mararo. Ha e le hantle, Steve Silberman, bukeng ea hae ea NeuroTribes: The Legacy of Autism le Future of Neurodiversity , o fetela pele ho re "batho ba nang le boits'oaro ba 'mele e' nile ea e-ba karolo ea sechaba."
Histori ea morao-rao ea autism (e ntle le e mpe ) e kenyelletsa:
- Oliver Sacks o re Henry Cavendish, rasaense ea hlahileng ka 1731, o na le litšobotsi tse ngata tse "nang le bothata ba lefu la Asperger's syndrome." (1731/2001)
- Graham Farmelo, bukeng ea hae e bitsoang "The Strangest Man," o ngola hore Paul Dirac, rasaense ea hlahileng ka 1902, mohlomong o ne a sa tsebe hore na ke eng. (1902/2011)
- Grunia Sukhareva, eo e leng setsebi sa mafu a kelello setsing sa Kiev, Russia, o ngola ka bana ba nang le litšobotsi tse nang le boikutlo bo botle ba lefapha la liphatsa tsa lefutso la Jeremane le la makasine ea likokoana-hloko. (1926)
- Louise Despert, setsebi sa kelello se seng New York, o ngotse ka linyeoe tse 23 tsa bongoli ba bongoana, tseo tse ling tsa tsona li neng li e-na le matšoao a tšoanang le a kajeno a li-autism. (1938)
- Hans Asperger o hatisa tlhahlobo ea pele ea saense ea bana ba nang le autism kapa Autismus, thuto ea litlaleho e hlalosang bana ba bane feela, le hoja ho hlakile hore o ne a sebetsa le bana ba 100 ba nang le lefu la autism le Aspergers syndrome tleliniking ea hae Vienna. (1943)
- Leo Kanner o phatlalatsa "Litsekanyetso tsa Boipheliso ba ho Kopana le Batho ba Amehang," ho hlalosa bakuli ba 11 ba nang le bana ba pele ba bitsoang autism (lebitso leo a le ngotseng ka 1944) makasineng ea "Ngoana ea Matšoenyeho." (1943)
- Kanner o phatlalatsa khopolo ea hae ea hore autism e bakoa ke bo-'mè ba sehatsetsing (1949)
- Lauretta Bender o ne a sebetsa le bana ba autistic ka bo-1950 le bo-1960
- Bruno Bettelheim o ngola buka ea hae ea "Empty Fortress," e matlafatsang khopolo ea 'mè ea sehatsetsing e le sesosa sa autism. (1967)
- Ha DSM-I, bana ba nang le matšoao a autism ba ne ba ngotsoe e le ho ba le bana ba nang le boloetse bo botle ba bongoana. (1952)
- Leon Eisenberg o hatisa pampiri ea hae "Ngoana ea Autistic ha a le Mocha," ho latela bana ba 63 ba nang le maiketsetso. (1956)
- Mokhatlo oa Autistic Children's Aid oa Leboea London o thehoa (hamorao e fetoha The National Autistic Society). (1962)
- Bernard Rimland o hatisa buka ea hae "Infantile Autism: The Syndrome le Tlhaloso ea Hae ea Khopolo ea Neural ea Boitšoaro." (1964)
- Ole Ivar Lovaas o qala ho sebetsa ka khopolo ea hae ea phekolo ea ABA bakeng sa bana ba autistic. (1964)
- Sekolo sa Sybil Elgar se qala "ho ruta le ho hlokomela bana ba nang le autism." (1965)
- Sehlopha sa batsoali ba bana ba autistic se bile le seboka sa pele sa National Society of Autistic Children (eo hona joale e bitsoang Autism Society of America). (1965)
- Ka DSM-II e nchafalitsoeng, ho ntse ho se na sehlopha se arohaneng sa autism. (1968)
- Mokhatlo oa National Society of Autistic Children's First Year oa Selemo o ile oa tšoareloa Washington. (1969).
- Lekhotla la Somerset le fetoha "setsi sa pele sa litsebi sa batho ba nang le autism UK." (1972)
- Lee Felsenstein, eo hamorao a ileng a fumanoa a e-na le lefu la Asperger, o etsa boto ea pele ea elektronike - Khopolo ea Sechaba. (1973)
- Thuto ea Molao oa Bana bohle ba nang le bokooa e etsoa "ho tšehetsa linaha le libaka tsa ho sireletsa litokelo tsa, ho finyella litlhoko tsa batho ka bomong, le ho ntlafatsa liphello tsa" bana ba nang le bokooa, bao bongata ba bona ba neng ba sa khelosoe sekolong. (1975)
- Lorna Wing e thusa ho hlaolela khopolo ea 'katleho ea bokooa' khopolo ea mathata a li-autism (1970)
- DSM-III e qetella e kenyelletsa litekanyetso tsa ho hlahlojoa ha autism ea infantile ka likarolo tse tharo tsa bohlokoa. (1980)
- Susan Moreno o theha koranta e nang le menehelo e tsoang ho batho ba nang le autism "Residual Autism Newsletter" (e ileng ea boela ea bitsoa 'batho ba nang le bokhoni bo eketsehileng ba' autistic 'kapa MAPP) (1984)
- Moholohali oa tempele o ngola 'Emergence.' (1986)
- Pale ea motho e moholo ea nang le li-autistic ea lilemo li 24 e lokolloa - 'Setšoantšo sa mohlankana oa autistic.' (1986)
- DSM-III-R e eketsa PDD-NOS mme e phaella ka ho feto-fetoha habonolo ho hlahloba bana ba autistic. (1987)
- Autism e kenyelelitsoe e le karolo ea bokooa bo fapaneng ho Batho ba nang le Bokooa ba Thuto ea Bokooa (IDEA), e leng ho etsang hore ho be bonolo haholo ho fumana litšebeletso. (1990)
- Donna Williams, motho e moholo ea nang le maiketsetso, o ile a ngola buka ea pele ea libuka tse 'nè tsa boitsebiso bo bongata - "Ha ho na Sebaka." (1991)
- "20/20" le litlaleho tse ling li etsa tlaleho e lekang ho amahanya tšilafalo ea tikoloho le autism toropong ea Leominster, Massachusetts, eo ho thoeng e na le sehlopha sa autism se haufi le ho tlosoa, ho akarelletsa le halofo ea bana ba ne ba se na autism le ba bang 'ba bile ba lula sebakeng seo. (1992)
- Mokhatlo oa Autism Network International o thehoa ke sehlopha sa batho ba autistic. (1992)
- Li-subtypes tse ngata le matšoao a mangata a kenngoa karolong ea ho hlahloba Autism ho DSM-IV. (1994)
- Catherine Maurice o ngola buka ea 'E-re ke Utloe Lentsoe la Hao: Tlhōlo ea Lelapa ka Tlhaho ea Autism' (1994)
- Michael ke setho sa autistic bukeng ea 'Microserfs' (1995) ea Douglas Copeland
- Oliver Sacks, MD o ngola 'An Anthropologist Mars,' e leng lipale tse 'maloa ka batho ba baholo ba nang le phihlelo, ho akarelletsa le Temple Grandin le Stephen Wiltshire. (1995)
- Kopano ea pele ea Autism Network International bakeng sa likoloi e etsoa. (1996)
- Phekolo ea Autism Joale e thehoa mme qetellong e kopana le Autism e Bua. (1995/2007)
- Andrew Wakefield o ile a hatisa pampiri ea hae Lancet 'me a re ha a sa tla sebelisa thibelo ea MMR e kopanetsoeng ka lebaka la likotsi tsa autism. (1998)
- Judy Singer o ngola ka mefuta-futa. (1999)
- Mokhatlo oa Autism o nka Riboto ea Phatlalatso ea Autism ea Tlhahisoleseding e le "letšoao la bokahohle la tlhokomeliso ea autism." (1999)
- Komiti ea Coagating Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) e thehiloe ke Molao oa Bophelo oa Bana oa 2000.
- Karyn Seroussi o ngola buka ea 'Ho senya sephiri sa Autism le Mathata a Phatlalatsang a Tsoelang Pele: Pale ea' Mè oa Phuputso le Phatlalatso '(2000)
- Ho Bua ka ho Phekola Autism (2000)
- Steve Silberman o ngola 'The Geek Syndrome' makasineng ea Wired (2001)
- DSM-IV TR (2002)
- Mefuta ea Global and Regional Asperger Syndrome Partnership (GRASP), mokhatlo o tsamaisoang ke batho ba nang le Asperger's and Autism Spectrum Disorders. (2003)
- Bernard Rimland, oa Autism Research Institute le Defeat Autism Hona joale! mekhoa ea liprotheke, o ngola buka ea "Recovering Autistic Children." Mora oa hae ea nang le molato o hlahile ka 1956. (2003)
- Planet e fosahetseng, websaeteng ea likoloi, e qalisoa. (2004)
- Susan Senator o ngola hore 'Ho Etsa Khotso le Autism' (2005)
- Ari Ne'eman o qala Mokhatlo oa Autistic Self-Advocacy Network (ASAN). (2006)
- Dora Raymaker le Christina Nicolaidis ba qala thuto ea Academic Autistic Spectrum Partnership Patlisong le Thuto (AASPIRE). (2006)
- Ho loantša Molao oa Autism (2006/2011)
- Amelia Baggs o ngolla 'video ea ka ka puo' ho YouTube (2007)
- Tlaleho ea CDC / ADDM e bolela hore ho ata ha autism ke bana ba 1 ho ba 150 (bana ba hlahileng ka 1994). (2007)
- Jenny McCarthy o qala ho sebetsa le Generation Rescue, mokhatlo o mong o nahanang hore liente le lintho tse ling tsa tikoloho li baka autism. (2008)
- Moqapi oa Alison o itokolla ho Autism e Buella mme o qala Autism Science Foundation. (2009)
- Tlaleho ea CDC / ADDM e bolela hore ho ata ha autism ho nyolohetse ho 1 ho 110 (bana ba hlahileng ka 1998). (2009)
- Corina Becker o ngola poso e qalang Letsatsi la pele la ho bua la Autistics Day. (2010)
- Andrew Wakefield o lahleheloa ke lengolo la hae la bongaka 'me o thibetsoe ho sebelisa meriana, ka mor'a hore a tlose pampiri ea autism. (2010/2004)
- Julia Bascom o qala Project ea Loud Hands. (2011)
- Tataiso ea Batho ba ho Nahana ho Autism e qalile. (2011)
- Paula Durbin Westby o hlophisa Khoeli ea pele ea Autism Acceptance, eo hona joale e etsahalang ka April. (2011)
- Tlaleho ea CDC / ADDM e bolela hore ho ata ha autism ho nyolohetse ho 1 ho ba 88 (bana ba tsoetsoeng ka 2000). (2012)
- DSM-5 e kopanya autism, Asperger's, boloetse ba ho arohana ha bana, le NOS PDD e le bothata ba autism-spectrum. (2013)
- Tlaleho ea CDC / ADDM e bolela hore ho ata ha autism ho nyolohetse ho 1 ho ba 68 (bana ba hlahileng ka 2002). (2014)
- Molao oa Autism Molao oa 2014
- Steve Silberman oa ngola NeuroTribes (2015)
- Tlaleho ea morao-rao ea CDC / ADDM e bolela hore ho ata ha autism ho setse ho 1 ho 68 (bana ba hlahileng ka 2004). (2016)
Se latelang ke eng?
Lisebelisoa
Manouilenko I, Sukhareva - Pele ho Asperger le Kanner. Nord J Psychiatry. 2015 Aug; 69 (6): 479-82
Baker, Jeffrey, P. Autism ka 70 - Ho lokisa meeli. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 1089-1091
Fellowes, Sam. Na kanner o hlile o hlalositse tlaleho ea pele ea Autism? The Mystery ea 1938. Journal of Autism le Developmental Disorders. July 2015, Buka ea 45, Buka ea 7, maqephe 2274-2276
Feinstein, Adams. Histori ea Autism: Puisano le Bo-pula-maliboho.
Silberman, Steve. NeuroTribes. 2015.