Ho Utloisisa Tlhaho ea Bana
Phere ea inhalers ke mokhoa o bonolo oa ho fumana meriana ea lefuba ho matšoafo a ngoana. Le hoja ho ka ba bonolo ho sebelisa nebulizer, batsoali le bana ba bangata ha ba rate hore na ba nka nako e telele hakae ho fana ka phekolo ea asthma.
Asthma Inhalers
Ka bomalimabe, ha ho ntse ho le bonolo, li-inhalers tsa asthma li lokela ho sebelisoa hantle, li hloka mehato e mengata, hore li tle li atlehe.
Seo se ka nolofalloa ka ho kopanya inhaler ea meter-dose ka spacer kapa spacer ka mask, empa inhaler ka spacer e sa ntse e lokela ho sebelisoa ka nepo.
U ka 'na ua se ke ua khona ho sebelisa asthma inhaler, leha ho le joalo, joalokaha meriana e meng ea asma e fumaneha feela ka inhaler. Ka mohlala, ha ho ntse ho e-na le li- albuterol tsa nebulized, levalbuterol (Xopenex), le Pulmicort (budesonide), meriana e meng e mengata ea ho phekola asthma e fumaneha feela ka inhalers.
Mefuta ea Asthma Inhalers
Ho na le mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea inhalers ea asthma, ho kenyeletsa le li-inhalers tse kholo tsa meter (MDI) tseo batho ba bangata ba li tsebang, le li- inhalers tse ncha tse ommeng (DPI). Ka kakaretso, batho ba bangata ba nahane hore ho bonolo ho sebelisa li-inhalers tse omeletseng hobane li phefumolohile (meriana ha e tsoe ho fihlela u phefumoloha), ha li-inhalers tse nang le meter li hloka hore motho a sebetsane ho nka phefumoloho e tebileng ka ho etsa hore inhaler.
- Inhalers ea meter-inseers (CFC) - li-inhalers tse nang le chlorofluorocarbons li fetile ka lebaka la mathata a tikoloho
- Inhalers ea meter-dose (HFA) - e ncha ea CFC-mahala hydro flualkalkene propellant inhalers
- phefumoloho e hlahisang methapo ea inhalers (HFA) - e theko e boima ho feta tse ling tsa MDIs
- li-inhalers tse ommeng tse nang le phofo - hangata li ke ke tsa sebelisoa ho fihlela bana ba ka ba lilemo li 5 ho isa ho tse 6 'me ba ka nka ponahalo e tebileng, e matla. Hangata bana ba banyenyane ba leka ho phallela ka inhaler, ho e-na le ho phefumoloha.
Ha ba sebelisa li-inhaler tse ommeng tse ommeng, bana ba bangata ba banyenyane ba etsa phoso ea:
- ho beha ka inhaler hampe
- ho lebala ho exhale ka botlalo pele o sebelisa inhaler
- ha u nke ho teba ka matla
- ba se ke ba phefumoloha ka metsotsoana e ka bang 10
- ho lebala ho hema butle-butle hamorao
Ha e le hantle, ho tloaelehile ho etsa liphoso ka inhalers ea meter-dose, hape. Phoso e tloaelehileng ke hore bana ba lebale ho nka butle-butle, ho phalla ho tebileng, ho phefumoloha ka potlako ho e-na le hoo.
Inhalers le Spacers
Le hoja ngoana oa hao a ka khona ho sebelisa inhaler ea meter hang ha a le lilemo li ka bang 6, e ntse e le khopolo e ntle ho sebelisa spacer ho netefatsa hore o fumana tekanyo e feletseng matšoafong a hae.
Sebaka se senyenyane ke sesebelisoa se senyenyane se ka kopantsoang ka inhaler 'me se kenyeletsa mask bakeng sa masea, bana ba banyenyane le bana ba kenang sekolong ba nang le lilemo tse 4 kapa ho feta. Li kenyelletsa kamore ea ho tšoara e bolokang meriana ka spacer ho fihlela ngoan'a hao a nka phefumoloho e le hore a se ke a hloka ho hokahanya ho nka phefumoloho ka ho kenya inhaler.
Ho lopolla Phallo ea Mafu a Inhaler
Ho pholosa li-asthma inhalers ho kenyeletsa nako e khutšoanyane ea bo-beta-agonists e ka fanang ka phomolo e potlakileng ha ngoana oa hao a e-na le matšoao a semoea:
- ProAir HFA (albuterol inhaler)
- Proventil HFA (albuterol inhaler)
- Ventolin HFA (albuterol inhaler)
- Ventolin HFA 60 (albuterol inhaler)
- Xopenex HFA (levalbuterol inhaler)
- ProAir RespicClick (albuterol inhaler) - phofshoana ea phofo
Lintho tsena tse pholosang inhalers hangata li sebelisoa feela ka mokhoa o hlokahalang eseng letsatsi le leng le le leng. Buisana le ngaka ea hao ea bana haeba ngoana oa hao a bonahala a hloka ho sebelisa meriana ea hae ea ho phomola ka potlako ho feta hoo e ka bang ka makhetlo a mabeli ka beke.
Maxair AutoHaler (pirbuterol inhaler), MDI e phefumolohileng e tlosoa marakeng ka 2013 hobane e ne e na le CFCs.
E thibelang ho ba le sethoathoa sa bokooa
Inhaled corticosteroid inhalers ke mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa phekolo ea thibelo ea asthma .
Ho fapana le ho pholosa batho ba bang, e ka fanang ka thuso e potlakileng ea matšoao a asthma, steroid inhalers hangata e sebelisoa letsatsi le leng le le leng ho thusa ho thibela ngoana oa hao hore a se ke a e-ba le matšoao a bokhukhuni.
Le hoja ho ka 'na ha bonahala eka li-inhalers tsa steroid, kaofela ha tsona, boholo ba mochine oa lithethefatsi bo ka ama tsela eo li kenngoa ka eona. Ka kakaretso, ba nang le boholo bo lekaneng ba li-particle, joaloka Aerobid, Alvesco, le Qvar, ba tlameha ho kenngoa hamolemo matšoafong.
Mohlomong ho bohlokoa ho feta boholo ba likaroloana feela ho fumana steroid inhaler le ho e sebelisa hantle letsatsi le leng le le leng:
- Aerobid (flunisolide) - MDI e amohelehang ho bana ba bonyane ba 6
- Alvesco (ciclesonide) - MDI e amohelehang ho bana ba bonyane ba 12
- Asmanex Twisthaler (mometasone) - DPI e amohelehang bakeng sa bana ba bonyane ba 12
- Flovent Diskus (fluticasone) - DPI e amohelehang ho bana ba bonyane ba 4
- Flovent HFA (fluticasone) - MDI e amohelehang ho bana ba bonyane ba 4
- Pulmicort Flexhaler (budesonide) - DPI e amohelehang bakeng sa bana ba bonyane ba 6
- Qvar (beclomethasone) - MDI e amohelehang ho bana ba bonyane ba 5
E mong le e mong oa inhaler o fumaneha ka matla a mangata ho thusa ho fumana asthma ea ngoana tlas'a taolo e nepahetseng. Haeba tekanyo e tlaase ea inhaler e sa sebetse, joale ho fallela ho ea tekanyo e phahameng, ka mohlala, ho tloha Qvar 40 ho Qvar 80.
Bakeng sa bana ba nang le asthma e boima le e matla, ba sa laoloang ka steroid e hanyetsitsoeng, e leng inhaler e kopanyang steroid le beta-agonist ea nako e telele e ka thusa. Li-inhalers tsena li kenyelletsa:
- Advair HFA - (Flovent + Serevent) - MDI e amohelehang ho bana ba bonyane ba 4
- Advair Diskus - mofuta oa DPI oa Advair - o amohelehang ho bana ba bonyane ba 4
- Dulera - (Asmanex + Foradil) - MDI e amohelehang ho bana ba bonyane ba 12
- Symbicort - (Pulmicort + Foradil) - MDI e amohelehang ho bana ba bonyane ba 12
Hang ha asthma ea ngoan'a hao e laoloa hantle ha u ntse u sebelisa motsoako oa inhaler, buisana le ngaka ea hao ea bana ho bona hore na e ka 'na ea e-ba nako ea ho theola phekolo ea ngoana oa hau e le hore feela a sebelise steroid inhaler.
SeoTo U Tsebang ka Setsebi sa Inhalers bakeng sa Bana
Mohlomong ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa eo u lokelang ho e tseba ka lefu la asthma ea ngoan'a hao ke hore u lokela ho tsoela pele u li sebelisa ho fihlela u bolelloa ke ngaka ea bana hore u ba emise. Moralo oa ketso ea asthma o ka thusa ho etsa bonnete ba hore na u tseba nako ea ho sebelisa li-inhalers tsa ngoana oa hao le likamano tsa kamehla tsa ho latela.
- Tlisetsa bana ba hao bohle ba nang le asthma inhalers ha u bona ngaka ea hao ea bana e le hore ba tsebe meriana eo ngoan'a hao a e nkang e le hore ngoan'a hao a ka bonts'a hore mokhoa oa hae o motle (kapa o mobe) o na le li-inhalers tsa hae.
- Pherefatsi ea inhalers e ka ba e theko e boima mme litšenyehelo tsohle le ho lefella chelete ka k'hamphani ea hau ea inshorense e ka ba lisosa tse susumetsang seo ngoana oa hao a se sebelisang. Haeba k'hamphani ea inshorense ea hau e na le sethoathoa sa lithethefatsi, nahana ka ho tlisa lethathamo la li-asthma inhalers ho etela le ngaka ea hao ea bana.
- Ntle le ho ikamahanya le ho itekanya, ho sebelisa asthma inhaler ho potlakile haholo ho feta kalafo ea nebulizer.
- Hangata li-astmma inhalers li sebelisoa ho tsoa-letlapa (khahlanong le litaelo tse khothalletsoang) ho bana ba monyenyane ho feta lilemo tseo ba amohelehang ho tsona.
Buisana le ngaka ea hao ea bana haeba u sa khone ho lefa asthma ea inhalers ea ngoana oa hao. Hangata lingaka tsa bana li na le litšoantšo le litlankane tsa asthma inhalers kapa li ka khona ho u thusa ka mananeo a thuso ea ngaka eo lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa lithethefatsi li e fang hona joale.
Lisebelisoa:
Adkinson: Middleton's Allergy: Melao-motheo le Boitšoaro, la 7th .;
Dolovich MB, Ahrens RC, Hess DR, et al: Khetho ea lisebelisoa le liphello tsa phekolo ea aerosol: Litsamaiso tse thehiloeng bopaking: American College of Chest Physicians / American College ea Lefu la Sefuba, Lefu la Tsoelo-pele, le ea Immunology. Sefubeng 2005; 127: 335-371.
Haughney, John. Ho khetha lisebelisoa tsa ho itšireletsa bakeng sa batho ba nang le asthma: Tsebo ea hona joale le litlhoko tse ikhethang tsa lipatlisiso. Phefumoloho ea Meriana e bitsoang Respiratory Medicine CME, Buka ea 3, Khaolo ea 3, 2010, Maqephe 125-131.
Lavorini, Federico. Phello ea ho se sebelisoe ka mokhoa o fosahetseng oa phofo e ommeng ka inhalers ho laola bakuli ba nang le asthma le COPD. Phekolo ea ho Phefumoloha, Buka ea 102, Khatiso ea 4, April 2008, leqepheng la 593-604.
NIH. Litlhahiso tsa Tlhahlobo ea Tlhahlobo ea Bokhukhuni ea Mahlale. Litaelo tsa Tlhahlobo le Tsamaiso ea Pherefatsi. 2007