Tataiso ea Mamello ea Likokoana-hloko e Amanang le Kankere ea Letlalo la Melanoma
Ho utloisisa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa kankere le kamoo e phethang karolo ea melanoma ho ka utloahala eka ke mosebetsi o boima. Empa ho ipha nako ea ho etsa joalo ho ka u thusa ho utloisisa hantle kotsi ea hau - le seo u ka se etsang ka eona.
Kankere ea Kankere
Kankere e qala ha e le 'ngoe kapa tse ling tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso ka seleng ea mutate (li fetoha ho tloha sebopeho sa bona se tloaelehileng). Sena se etsa hore e be le protheine e sa tloaelehang kapa e se na protheine ho hang, eo ka bobeli e etsang hore lisele tse feto-fetohang li atolohe ka mokhoa o sa laoleheng.
Likarolo tse ngata tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li ntse li batlisisoa bakeng sa karolo ea tsona ho melanoma, ho kenyeletsa liphatsa tsa lefutso le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse fumanoang ka lebaka la maemo a tikoloho, joalo ka ho feteletseng ha letsatsi . Ho fihlela joale, mefuta e fapaneng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e hlahisa 1% ea tsohle tse fumanoang ke melanoma, le hoja ho ithuta ka mafahla a melanoma ka 2009 ho bontšitse hore karolo ea 55 lekholong ea kotsi ea motho ea melanoma e ka bakoa ke liphatsa tsa lefutso. Lipatlisiso sebakeng sena se rarahaneng li ntse li sa le monyenyane, empa tšepo e holimo hore nakong e tlang, liteko tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li tla thusa ho tataisa ho hlahloba melanoma, ho hlahlojoa , le kalafo .
Liphetoho tsa lefutso tsa Gene ka melanoma
Mehlala ea liphetoho tsa lefutso tse fetisetsoeng ho tloha ho motsoali ho ea ho bana li akarelletsa tse latelang:
CDKN2A - Liphetoho tsa lefapha lena la ho arohana ha sele e le lisosa tse tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa tsa melanoma e futsitsoeng. Leha ho le joalo, liphetoho tsena li sa ntsane li tloaelehile ka kakaretso 'me li ka boela tsa hlahella maemong a seng a futsanehileng a melanoma.
Batho ba nang le melanoma ea malapa hangata ba na le li-moles tse ngata tse sa tšoaneng (dysplastic nevi) 'me ba fumanoa ba tšoeroe ke melanoma ha ba le lilemo li 35 ho isa ho tse 40). Kaha batho ba 70% ba fetohileng phetoho ea lefutso la CDKN2A ba tla hlahisa melanoma nakong ea bophelo ba bona, liteko tsa khoebo li 'nile tsa etsoa bakeng sa CDKN2A, le hoja ho sa hlaka hore ho tseba liphello tsa teko ho tla tsoela batho ba jereng liphatsa tsa lefutso molemo.
Phetoho e 'ngoe e amanang le eona empa e le e mengata e ka har'a liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa CDK4, e boetse e laola ha lisele li arola le ho eketsa kotsi ea ho hlahisa melanoma.
MC1R - Bopaki bo ntseng bo eketseha bo bontša hore palo e kholo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tse bitsoang MC1R (melanocortin-1 receptor), e leng kotsi e kholo ea melanoma. Liphatsa tsa lefutso li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho khetholla hore na motho o na le moriri o mofubelu, letlalo le leeme le kutloisiso ea mahlaseli a mahlaseli a kotsi. Batho ba nang le letlalo la mohloaare le le lefifi mme ba nang le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ba na le kotsi e kholo ho feta ea melanoma. Leha ho le joalo, ho fetoha ha MC1R ho na le kotsi e feteletseng ho feta liphetoho tsa CDKN2A kapa CDK4. Morao tjena, ho fumanoe liphatsa tse ling tsa lefutso tse nang le letlalo la letlalo tse ka eketsang ts'oaetso ea melanoma, ho akarelletsa le TYR (tyrosinase), TYRP1 (protheine e amanang le TYR 1), le ASIP (agouti signaling protein).
MDM2 - Ho fetoha ha liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa MDM2 ho hlaha "motlakase" oa liphatsa tsa lefutso, mofuta oa motlakase o khethollang ha liphatsa tsa lefutso li fetoha le hore na likopi tse kae li hlahisoa ka har'a sele. Lipatlisiso tse phatlalalitsoeng ka 2009 li bontšitse hore e beha basali pele - empa eseng banna - ho hlahisa melanoma ha ba le monyenyane (ba ka tlaase ho lilemo tse 50). Ho ba le phetoho ena e ka 'na ea e-ba matla ho feta tse ling tsa likotsi tsa melanoma tse kang histori ea ho khanya ha letsatsi, letlalo le letle le ho fofa.
Haeba u na le motsoali kapa ngoan'eno ea tšoeroeng ke melanoma, kotsi ea ho ba le melanoma e feta makhetlo a mabeli ho isa ho a mararo ho feta motho ea tloaelehileng. Leha ho le joalo, kotsi e ntse e le nyenyane, 'me maemong a mangata, lesela le nang le bokooa ha le fumanehe. Leha ho le joalo, litsebi tse ngata li khothaletsa ka tieo hore batho ba amehileng ka histori ea lelapa la bona ea melanoma ba buisana le moeletsi oa liphatsa tsa lefutso 'me ba botse ngaka ea hau ka karolo ea liphuputso tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso e le hore ba bangata ba ka ithuta ka hore na liphetoho tsa lefutso li ama kotsi ea melanoma joang. Ha e le hantle, batho ba kotsing ea ho ba le melanoma ea lefutso ba lokela ho etsa hore letsatsi le sireletsehe 'me le hlahlobe letlalo ka hloko khoeli le khoeli ho tloha ha ba le lilemo li 10 ho batla liphetoho ponahalong ea moles.
Liphetoho tsa Lefatše Tse sa Fuoeng Lefa
Liphetoho tsa lefutso tse sa futseng empa li fumaneha ka lebaka la maemo a tikoloho a kang letsatsi:
BRAF - Liphuputso li hlokometse phetoho e se nang lefa ho BRAF gene e bonahalang e le ketsahalo e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa ts'ebetsong e lebisang melanoma; e 'nile ea fumanoa ho fihlela ho 66% ea melanoma ea malignant. Bafuputsi ba na le tšepo ea hore lithethefatsi tse thibelang lefutso lena e ka ba leano le atlehang la phekolo nakong e tlang.
P16 ke kokoana-hloko ea suppression e ka 'nang ea e-ba e sa tloaelehang maling a mang a sa futsitsoeng a melanoma. Ho fetoha ha liphatsa tsa lefutso tse laolang liprotheine tsa Ku70 le Ku80 ho ka senya mekhoa ea ho lokisa lisele tsa DNA.
EGF - Bafuputsi ba ithuta liphetoho tsa lefutso lefapheng le etsang hore ntho e bitsoang epidermal growth factor (EGF). EGF e phetha karolo ea ho hōla ha seleng ea letlalo le pholiso ea maqeba, 'me e ka' na ea ikarabella bakeng sa maemong a mangata a sa futseng a melanoma.
Liphetoho - liphetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso tse laolang liprotheine tsa Fas, tse kenyelletsoeng ts'ebetsong ea tlhaho ea ho ipolaea ho bitsoang apoptosis, e ka baka lisele tsa melanoma hore li ate ka matla.
Mekhoa ea limolek'hule e lebisang ho nts'etsopele ea pele le metastasis ea melanoma e seng ea lelapa e rarahaneng ka ho fetisisa 'me e qala ho hlahlojoa. Ha e le hantle, litlaleho tsa lipatlisiso tse likete ka liphatsa tsa melanoma li phatlalalitsoe lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng feela. Lithuto tsena li tla lebisa tlhokomelo ea liteko tse ngata tse nepahetseng bakeng sa ho hlahlojoa le ho hlajoa ha melanoma, hammoho le sepheo se sebetsang sa phekolo bakeng sa lefu lena le senyang.
Lisebelisoa:
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