Ho sheba lithethefatsi tse matlafatsang le mafu ao ba a tšoarang
Livaerase ke likokoana-hloko tsa intracellular tse khethang mechine ea sele hore e hlahise. Nakong ea tlhahiso ea likokoana-hloko, likokoana-hloko li senya lisele le ho fetela lisele tse ling.
Lilemong tsa bo-1950, ha li ntse li etsa lipatlisiso tsa phekolo ea kankere, bo-rasaense ba fumane lik'hemik'hale tse ka thibelang phetoho ea kokoana-hloko ea DNA. Lilemong tsa bo-1980 le lilemong tsa bo-1990, ka mor'a hore HIV e be bothata, meriana e thibelang meriana e ile ea tsosolosoa.
Kajeno, meriana ea likokoana-hloko e sebelisoa ho phekola mafu a mangata.
E le hore o atlehe, meriana e thibelang ho thibela likokoana-hloko e lokela ho lebisa tlhokomelo ea likokoana-hloko kapa ho tsoa kapa ho phunya kokoana-hloko ha e ntse e le ka hare ho sele. Meriana e thibelang meriana e lokela ho ba e tobileng e le hore e se ke ea baka chefo ea tsamaiso. Ho feta moo, lithethefatsi tse thibelang likokoana-hloko li lokela ho ba tse matla le tse tsitsitseng.
Mona ke tlhaloso e khutšoanyane ea lithethefatsi tse ling tse fumanehang hona joale.
Meriana e thibelang mafu e sebelisoang ho folisa kokoana-hloko ea herpes simplex (HSV) le varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
Meriana e meraro e ka sehloohong e sebelisetsoang ho phekola herpes simplex (herpes) le varicella likokoana-mafu ke acyclovir, valacyclovir, le famciclovir. Varicella zoster virus e baka tse peli tsa khōhō ka mor'a tšoaetso e matla le ea shingles (herpes zoster) ka mor'a tšoaetso ea nakoana kapa e nchafalitsoeng.
Lintho tse tharo tsa lithethefatsi tsena li sireletsehile ebile li na le mekhoa e tšoanang ea liketso. Ka mohlala, bohle ba sebetsa ka ho tlamella kokoana-hloko ea DNA polymerase, e leng enzyme e sebelisang ho fetolela likokoana-hloko tsa DNA.
Tlhokomeliso, hobane valacyclovir (Valtrex) le famciclovir li fihlella meleng e phahameng ea mali, lithethefatsi tsena tse peli li atleha haholo ho phekola li-shingles.
Lithethefatsi tse sebelisetsoang ho tšoara li-warts tsa thobalano (papillomavirus ea motho)
Lithethefatsi tse sebelisetsoang ho tšoara liphahlo tsa thobalano li kenyelletsa:
- Ribavirin eo hape e sebelisetsoang ho phekola phefumoloho ea syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis kapa pneumonia le (moferefere o fokolang)
- (Lihlooho tsa litaba) liquimod
Meriana e thibelang mafu e sebelisetsoang ho phekola mafu a fefu (feberu)
Mokokotlo ke sesosa se tloaelehileng sa feberu nakong ea mariha. Ka lehlohonolo, re na le liente tse thibelang tšoaetso ea mafu. Ke habohlokoa ho fumana lefu la hao la selemo ka selemo hobane ka linako tse ling feberu e ka fetoha pneumonia, 'me ka linako tse ling pneumonia e ka bolaea - haholo-holo har'a bana le batho ba baholo.
Lithethefatsi tse kang Tamiflu (oseltamivir) le zanamivir (Relenza) li ka sebelisoa ho thibela matšoao a fefo le ho khutsufatsa nako ea ho kula. Ntle le lithethefatsi tse sebelisetsoang ho thibela mafu a mafu a "mafu a" mafu a "mafu a" mafu a "mafu a" mafu ", ho na le lithethefatsi tse nang le lisebelisoa tsa kokoana-hloko ka mor'a tšoaetso ea mafu a kenyang ho akarelletsa amantadine, rimantadine, oseltamivir le zanamivir,
Lithethefatsi tse thibelang likokoana-hloko tse sebelisetsoang ho tšoara tšoaetso ea cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Tšoaetso ea Cytomegalovirus hangata e etsahala ho batho ba kulang haholo (nahana ka ho itšireletsa mafung a AIDS kapa ho kenya setopo). Joaloka varicella-zoster virus, e bakang herpes zoster (shingles), boholo ba rona re na le cytomegalovirus, empa kokoana-hloko e tla tsosolosa feela haeba sesole sa 'mele se theoha.
Ho ba seng ba ntse ba kula haholo, matšoao a tshwaetso ea cytomegalovirus e ama mekhoa e mengata ea lihlopha 'me e kenyeletsa:
- retinitis
- lefu la esophagitis
- colitis
- bokooa le motsoako oa mokokotlo (CNS) tšoaetso
- pneumonitis
Lithethefatsi tse sebelisoang ho phekola tšoaetso ea cytomegalovirus li kenyeletsa valganciclovir, ganciclovir, foscarnet le cidofovir. (Ka lebaka la bioavailability e kholoanyane, tšebeliso ea valganciclovir e sebelisitse haholo ganciclovir.) Joaloka lithethefatsi tse ling tse thibelang likokoana-hloko, lithethefatsi tse thibelang likokoana-hloko li sebelisetsoa ho tšoara cytomegalovirus ka karolo e nyenyane ea likokoana-hloko tse nang le likokoana-hloko tsa kokoana-hloko joaloka likokoana-hloko tsa DNA le RNA polymerase.
Meriana e thibelang mafu e sebelisetsoang ho phekola lefu la hepatitis
Ho sebelisoa lithethefatsi tse sa tšoaneng tse sebelisoang ho phekola lefu la hepatitis B le hepatitis C. Boholo ba lithethefatsi tsena li ama tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko e kenyeletsang:
- nucleoside le nucleotide analogs
- protease inhibitors
- polymerase inhibitors
Interferon, mohlomong lithethefatsi tse tloaelehileng tse amanang le ho phekoloa ha tšoaetso ea lefu la sebete, li sebetsa ka mekhoa e rarahaneng e akarelletsang ho thibela likokoana-hloko, ho itšireletsa mafung le liketso tse khahlanong le tšoaetso.
Lithethefatsi tse thibelang ts'oaetso tse sebelisetsoang ho phekola HIV
Lilemong tse mashome a mararo tse fetileng, ho bile le ntlafatso e kholo ea phekolo ea HIV, 'me batho ba bangata ba nang le lefu lena ba phela ntle le AIDS. (AIDS ke mofuta o matla haholo oa tšoaetso ea HIV e fumanehang ka mor'a hore lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali maling li theohe kotsi ka tlaase.)
Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea lithethefatsi tse matlafatsang:
- protease inhibitors
- fusion inhibitors
- nucleoside / nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- e seng nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- ho kena inhibitors
- HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs)
Lithethefatsi tsena li lebisa litekanyetso tse sa tšoaneng tsa potoloho ea likokoana-hloko. Ka hloko, li-retroviruses li ikarabella ka mokhoa o fetoletsoeng ka ho feletseng.
Ka kopo hlokomela hore lenane lena ha le felle ka ho feletseng, 'me ho na le lithethefatsi tse ling tse ngata tse sebetsanang le tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko. Ka lintlha tse lekanang, mekhoa ea liketso e rarahaneng ho feta kamoo ho hlahisoang mona. Ho e-na le hoo, ka kōpo, ananela sehlooho sena e le setsi sa sehlooho.
Mehloli e khethiloeng
Elston DM. Khaolo ea 231. Lithethefatsi tse thibelang likokoana-hloko. Ka: Setsebi sa Golds LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, DJ Leffell, Wolff K. eds. Dermatology ea Fitzpatrick ka Kakaretso ea Meriana, 8e . New York, NY: Hill ea McGraw; 2012. O fumaneha ka la 1 July, 2015.
Safrin S. Antiviral Agents. Ka: Katzung BG, Trevor AJ. eds. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13e . New York, NY: Hill ea McGraw; 2015 O fihlile ka la 1 July, 2015.