Le hoja kokoana-hloko ea Powassan e sa tloaeleha, selemo le selemo, ho na le batho ba bangata ba fumanoang ba e-na le eona.
Lefu lena le ile la fumanoa pele Powassan, Ontario, ka 1958, ha le ne le arohane le bocha ba shoeleng ka lefu la encephalitis, e leng pontšo ea tšoaetso le kokoana-hloko ea Powassan. Pakeng tsa 1958 le 1998, batho ba 27 feela ba fumanoe ba e-na le tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko ea Powassan.
Pakeng tsa 2003 le 2017 palo ena e na le makhetlo a fetang a mararo, 'me batho ba 85 ba fumanoa.
Ho ea ka bangoli ba tlhahlobo ea 2017 e bitsoang "Powassan Virus: An Arbovirus e hlahisang Bophelo ba Sechaba ho Ameha Amerika Leboea," tsoho ena "e ka ba ka lebaka la ho eketseha le ho hlahlojoa ha likokoana-hloko tse nang le arthropod, ho hlaha ha lefu lena, kapa e leng motsoako oa lintho tsena ka bobeli. "
Ka morao
Joaloka kokoana -hloko ea Zika , kokoana-hloko ea dengue le kokoana-hloko ea West Nile , kokoana-hloko ea Powassan ke mofuta oa flavirus. E tšoana le kokoana-hloko e 'ngoe e tšoaetsanoang e bakang encephalitis: kokoana-hloko ea encephalitis (TBEV). Ho tšoaetsoa ke TBEV ho tloaelehile haholo ho feta kokoana-hloko ea Powassan, e nang le batho ba likete tse 'maloa Europe le Asia ba anngoeng ke encephalitis le meningitis selemo le selemo.
Boholo ba seo re se tsebang ka bokhoni ba kokoana-hloko ea Powassan ho ikarabella le bo ka bakoang ke ho kula bo hlile bo thehiloe TBEV, e nkoang e le ho ameha ka bophelo bo botle ba machaba le thuto e ntlafetseng ho feta kokoana-hloko ea Powassan.
Ka ho khetheha, ho entsoe liente bakeng sa TBEV.
Lefu la li-powassan ke kokoana-hloko ea RNA e sa tšoaneng. Ha e le hantle, kokoana-hloko ea Powassan e na le mekhahlelo e 'meli: kokoana-hloko ea Powassan le likokoana -hloko tsa kokoana-hloko (DTV). Sehloohong sena, re tla bua ka mefuta ena e 'ngoe e tšoanang (empa e ntse e le ea tlhaho le ea lefutso) e le kokoana-hloko ea Powassan.
Lefu la likokoana-hloko le tsamaisoa ke mofuta oa Ixodes oa li-ticks. Tsabo ea kokoana-hloko ea Powassan e tsoa Virginia ho ea ka leboea ho Nova Scotia. E boetse e fumanoa hare-hare ho United States le Canada, ho akarelletsa New York, Pennsylvania, Quebec, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota le Ontario. Lefu la li-powassan le fumanoe le le bophirimela ho Colorado, California, le British Columbia.
Ka tloaelo, kokoana-hloko ea Powassan e abeloa libakeng tse ka leboea-bochabela le Great Lakes, le Hudson Valley New York le New England ho tlaleha maemo a mangata.
Ho thahasellisang ke hore kokoana-hloko ea Powassan le eona e fumanoa Russia; leha ho le joalo, kabo ena e tobileng e ka etsahala ka lebaka la kenyelletso e le 'ngoe lilemong tse fetang 100 tse fetileng-mohlomong ho tloha ka mink e tsoang linaheng tse ling tse rekisetsoang khoebo ea boea ba boea ba bo-1800.
Likokoana-hloko tsa Ixode tse nang le kokoana-hloko ea Powassan li na le liphoofolo tse ngata, tse akarelletsang li-squirrels, li-chipmunks, li-groundhogs, skunks, voles, likhama tse tšoeu le litoeba tse tšoeu. Leha ho le joalo, hangata batho ha ba kopane le liphoofolo tse tloaelehileng, joaloka li-groundhogs le skunks. Ho e-na le hoo, batho ba ka 'na ba longoa ke likhekhe tsa Ixodes ka mor'a ho feta ka makhasi a likhahla tse etetsoeng ke litoeba tse maoto a maqhoa le likhama tse tšoeu.
Matšoao a Meriana
Ka tloaelo, batho ha ba khone ho hopola ha ba longoe ke letšoao la Ixodes .
Batho ba bangata ba longoang ke letšoao ha ba hlahise matšoao. Ho ba nang le matšoao, ho ka nka pakeng tsa libeke tse le 'ngoe ho tse hlano hore tšoaetso e tšoaroe. Ka ho hlakileng, ho nka metsotso e 15 feela bakeng sa letšoao ho kopanya le ho fetisa kokoana-hloko ea Powassan.
Qalong, batho ba fetohang matšoao a matšoao ba hlaseloa ke lefu la sefuba le feberu, e ka tsamaisanang le hlooho, matšoao a masapo, ho otsela, ho sithabela le ho hlasela. Matsatsing a seng makae a matšoao ana a pele, encephalitis e fetela. Encephalitis e bolela ho ruruha ha boko. Ho phaella moo, mokokotlo oa mokokotlo o ka boela oa chesoa o lebisang ho meningitis le myelitis.
Hang ha boko le mokokotlo li chesoa, matšoao a latelang a bonahala:
- Hlooho ea hlooho
- Lethargy
- Ho khaotsa
- Mathata a puo
- Ho phopholetsa
- Mathata a pono
- Puo e hlabang
- Ho otla
- Bothata ba ho hema
- Ho sebetsana le ho se sebetse hantle
Hoo e ka bang karolo ea 10 lekholong ea batho ba hlaolelang encephalitis ba shoa. Ho feta moo, karolo ea 50 lekholong ea batho e tsoela pele ho hlaolela mathata a kelello a sa feleng. Mathata a ka ho sa feleng a methapo ea pelo a akarelletsa hlooho ea hlooho ea moriana, ho senyeha ha mesifa le mathata a mohopolo.
Tsejoa
Tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko ea Powassan e fumanoa e thehiloe tlhahlobisong ea meriana le tlhahlobo ea laboratori.
Ho hlahlojoa kalafo ea meriana ho tlameha ho phethahatsa mehato e meraro:
- feberu e kholo ho feta kapa e lekana le likhato tse 38 tsa Celsius
- matšoao leha e le afe a tsamaiso ea methapo ea bokooa
- ha ho na monyetla o mong oa ho hlahlojoa ke lingaka
Tlhahlobo ea ts'oaetso ke mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho lemoha kokoana-hloko ea Powassan le laborateng. Ho hlahlojoa ha likokoana-hloko ho hlahisa li-antibodies ho kokoana-hloko ka sampong ea metsi a mokokotlo, mali kapa mahlaseli.
Ho ea ka CDC, mona ke boitsebiso bo bong bo fumanoang mabapi le kokoana-hloko ea Powassan:
Electroencephalography (EEG) ho bakuli ba nang le kokoana-hloko ea POW e bitsoang encephalitis e senola lintho tse tloaelehileng tsa tlhaselo e khutšoanyane 'me liphello li ka tšoana le tse bonngoeng le virus ea herpes simplex encephalitis. MRI ea boko ho bakuli ba nang le kokoana-hloko ea POW encephalitis e bontša liphetoho tse lumellanang le li-microvascular ischemia kapa mafu a tšoaetsanoang a lefu la li-lobe kapa li-lobes tsa nakoana; Liphello tsa boko ba CT bo ntse bo sa sebelise haholo.
Phekolo
Ha ho na pheko ea kokoana-hloko ea Powassan. Ho e-na le hoo, matšoao a alafshoa a tšehetsoa ka metsi a mangata, mahlaseli a kotsi a maiketsetso, le meriana e fokotsang ho ruruha ha boko. Ho feta moo, ha ho na bopaki bo lekaneng ba ho hlahisa liphuputso tsa kalafo.
Li-steroids le immraoglobulin (IVIG) li hlokometsoe hore li atleha ho phekola tšoaetso. Ha hoa utloahala hore na phekolo e thibelang ts'oaetso (ke hore, ribavirin) e sebetsa. Ka ho khetheha, mokuli e mong ea ileng a tšoaroa ka pegylated interferon le ribavirin a ntse a bolaoa ke lefu lena. Tse ling, li-steroids, IVIG, li-interferon, le ribavirin kaofela li thibela ho itšireletsa mafung a mmele le ho itšireletsa mafung.
Le hoja e se ho hlahlojoa, ho nahana ka bokooa ka MRI e ka ba prognostic 'me e bontša hore bakuli ba tla tsoela pele ho mpefala ho feta nako e telele.
Thibelo
Hajoale, ha ho na ente ea kokoana-hloko ea Powassan. Ho na le liente tsa TBEV, tse tšoanang le kokoana-hloko ea Powassan, mme liente tsena li fumaneha Russia le Europe. Leha ho le joalo, liente tsena tsa TBEV ha lia ka tsa iponahatsa li atleha ho thibela tšoaetso le kokoana-hloko ea Powassan.
Ho feta moo, kokoana-hloko ea Powassan ke mofuta oa flavivirus, 'me ho phaella Tleleniking ea TBEV, ho na le liente tsa mefuta e meng ea flavivirus, ho akarelletsa le yellow fever le encephalitis ea Japane. Leha ho le joalo, kokoana-hloko ea Powassan e batla e tšoana le mefuta e meng ea flavivirus ka mantsoe a limolek'hule e le hore liente tsena tse ling li se ke tsa sebelisoa.
Hona joale, tsela e molemo ka ho fetisisa ea ho qoba tšoaetso le kokoana-hloko ea Powassan ke ka ho latela tataiso ea thibelo. Ho na le litekanyetso tse fapa-fapaneng tsa botho le thepa eo u ka e nkang ho fokotsa menyetla ea ho pepesa likhahla ho kenyeletsa tse latelang:
- Qoba ho ikopanya ka ho toba le li-ticks ka ho qoba libaka tse nang le makhasi a phahameng a makhasi.
- Tsamaea ho ea bohareng ba litsela.
- Sebelisa bohlasoa bo nang le karolo ea 20 lekholong kapa ho feta DEET, picaridin, kapa IR3535. Etsa kopo ea liphoso ho libakeng tse hlakileng tsa letlalo.
- Apara liphahlo tse nang le matsoho a malelele le tse mebala-bala. Hape, kenya marang-rang a hau ka lisokong tsa hau.
- Ha u sebelisa ho iphetetsa ho bana, qoba ho sebetsa mahlong, matsoho le molomo.
- Sebelisa liaparo le likoloi tse nang le permethrin.
- Etsa hang ha u khutlela hae ebe u etsa tlhahlobo ea tick ka sebelisa seiponeng. Tlosa li-ticks hang-hang.
- Hlahloba liaparo tsohle, likoloi le liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng bakeng sa li-ticks.
- Ho bolaea li-ticks liaparo, hlatsoa liaparo metsing a chesang mme u omme ka mocheso o phahameng.
- Sheba liphoofolo tsa hau tsa liphoofolo bakeng sa li-ticks ka mor'a hore li qete nako e ka thōko.
- Tlosa libaka tsa libaka tse kang libaka tse telele, joang, le lipalesa, ho tloha sebakeng sa hau.
- Hula mohloa oa hau khafetsa ho fokotsa libaka tsa libaka tsa libaka.
- Haha litloholo ho boloka liphoofolo tse hlaha ho tloha thepa ea hau.
- Tlosa thepa ea thepa e lahliloeng le lithōle tse ling tseo likhasele li lulang ho tsona jareteng ea hau.
- Tšoa lehong ka methapo e meholo ho thibela infestation ka litoeba tse jereng liboseleise.
- Sebaka sa patio le thepa ea lipapali ho tloha lifate le libaka tse nang le libaka.
- Nahana ka ho sebelisa likokoanyana tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko (ke, acaricides) kapa tse ling tsa lintja tsa hau, ho akarelletsa le lerōle, li-collars, li-sprays kapa li-topical treatments. Bua le ngaka ea hau ea likokoana-hloko pele.
- Nahana ka ho ba le motho ea felisang ntlo ea hao.
Likatse li na le mekhoa e metle ho likokoana-hloko; Ka hona, u se ke ua sebelisa likokoana-hloko ka lehlakoreng la hao ntle le ho bua le ngaka ea hau ea bongaka pele.
Litaelo tsa nakong e tlang
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho bile le keketseho ea boiteko ba lipatlisiso bo lebisang ho kokoana-hloko ea Powassan.
Ha re lebeletse, ntoeng e khahlanong le kokoana-hloko ea Powassan, e tla ba ea bohlokoa ho bo-rasaense ho hlahloba likaroloana tsa batho ba baholo le tsa immature tse fumanoang masimong ho utloisisa hantle bophelo ba phetoho le phetisetso ea likhese tsena hammoho le lintho tse fetohileng tse bakang kokoana-hloko. Taba ena, litsebi tse ling li bontša hore liphetoho tsa morao-rao bophelong ba li-ticks tsena li ka hlalosa ho eketseha ha matla a pathogen ena.
Ho feta moo, bo-rasaense ba lokela ho ntlafatsa ho tseba ho arabela khahlanong le kokoana-hloko ea Powassan liphoofolong tse phefolang. Haholo-holo, bafuputsi ba hloka ho utloisisa hamolemo phetolo ea phetoho ea kokoana-hloko e seng feela ka likolopong empa hape le liphoofolong tse phefolang. Tlhaloso ena e tla thusa bo-rasaense hore ba fumane lits'oaetso tsa meriana 'me ba bone hore na kokoana-hloko ea Powassan e tsoelapele joang tlhahong.
Ho utloisisa habonolo liphello tsa nako e telele tsa meriana ea tšoaetso, liteko li hloka ho etselloa hore li latele lihlopha tsa bakuli nakong ea nako (ke hore, lithuto tsa lihlopha).
Ha Wisconsin, li-ticks tse ling li ka fetisetsa kokoana-hloko ea Powassan le lefu la Lyme, ho etsa hore tšoaetsano ea kokoana-hloko e khonehe. Ts'oaetsano ena ea lik'homphieutha e ka hlalosa matšoao a lekanang a lefu la Lyme 'me e lokela ho ithutoa hape.
Lentsoe le Tsoang ho
Le hoja e le ntho e sa tloaelehang, palo ea batho ba nang le ts'oaetso ea kokoana-hloko ea Powassan e ntse e eketseha ebile boloetse bo bobe bo hloka hore batho ba fumane likoloi. Ha ho e-na le tšoaetso e eketsehileng le e ntseng e eketseha, ho ka etsahala hore kokoana-hloko ea Powassan e tla ba sesosa se hlahelang sa bokuli nakong e tlang.
Tlhahisoleseding e amanang le eona, ka lebaka la tlhokomeliso e fokolang ea sechaba le tlhahlobo e fokolang ea kokoana-hloko ea Powassan, ho ka etsahala hore bakuli ba nang le lefu la encephalitis ba se ke ba fumana tšoaetso ena. Ka mantsoe a mang, batho ba bang ba qetellang ba fumana encephalitis ha ho mohla ba fumanoang ba e-na le tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko ea Powassan.
Tsela e molemohali ea ho sebetsana le tšoaetso le kokoana-hloko ea Powassan ke ho thibela tšoaetso ea likhahla sebakeng sa pele. Haeba o lula libakeng tseo kokoana-hloko ea Powassan e fumanoang haholo-holo libakeng tse ka leboea-bochabela le maoatle a maholo-sebelisa li-repellants ha u tsoa ka ntle 'me u etse lipontšo tsa li-tick ha u khutla.
Hopola hore ho na le likokoana-hloko tse ling tse tšoaetsanoang ke mafu a mangata, tse atisang ho baka maloetse, joalo ka Borrelia Burgdorferi (e leng lefu la Lyme ), kahoo li-repellants le li-check checks ke khopolo e ntle ea ho thibela mefuta e meng ea maloetse.
Ke habohlokoa ho utloisisa hore esita le haeba tick e bile 'meleng oa hao ka nako e khutšoanyane feela, ha u e lemoha, u ka tšoaetsoa ke kokoana-hloko ea Powassan. Likokoana-hloko tse ling tse tšoaetsanoang ke tick, tse kang Borrelia burgdorferi , li na le nako e telele ea mohau ea letsatsi le le leng.
Haeba u belaella hore uena kapa motho eo u mo ratang o tšoaelitsoe ke kokoana-hloko ea Powassan, hang-hang u ee ngakeng. Ho phaella moo, lumella ngaka ea hao hore e tsebe hore na ke hobane'ng ha u belaela tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko ena le lintlha tse ling tsa histori ea likarolo tse ling tsa likaroloana. Ho feta moo, lumella mofani oa hao hore a tsebe ka mesebetsi ea hau le moo u tsamaeang teng-haholo-holo libaka tse ka ntle moo tick e bolokang kokoana-hloko ea Powassan e fumanehang. Ngaka ea hau e lokela ho lemosoa ka bobeli hobane ho na le teko e khethehileng bakeng sa kokoana-hloko ea Powassan 'me boemo bo atisa ho laoloa ke litsebi tsa mafu a tšoaetsanoang.
> Mehloli:
> Matšoao a kokoana-hloko ea Bennett, N. Powassan ea Ngoana-Connecticut, 2016, MMWR. 2017; 66: 408-409.
> Doughty, CT, Yawetz, S, Lyons, J. Mabaka a hlahang a Arbovirus Encephalitis Amerika Leboea: Powassan, Chikungunya le likokoana-hloko tsa Zika. Litlaleho tsa morao-rao tsa lefu lena le litsebi tsa kelello. 2017: 17; 12.
> Hermance, ME, Thangamani, S. Virus ea Powassan: Arbovirus e hlahelang ea Bophelo bo Botle ba Bophelo Amerika Bophirimela. Maloetse a Vector-Borne le Zoonotic. Ka la 12 May, 2017.
> CDC. Virus ea Powassan. www.cdc.gov.