Dermis ke karolo ea bobeli le e boima ka ho fetisisa ea likarolo tse tharo tse kholo tsa letlalo , tse pakeng tsa likokoana-hloko tsa epidermis le tse nyenyane , tse tsejoang hape e le subcutis le hypodermis.
Le hoja re kile ra nka letlalo lena e le mokhoa o sireletsang lihlahisoa feela, re ntse re ithuta hore karolo ea letlalo e rarahaneng ebile e na le mesebetsi e mengata ea bohlokoa.
Ho tswa ho goosebumps le ho pholile ho sauna ho lumella boko ba hao hore bo tsebe letsoho la hao ke ho chesa, a re ithute ho eketsehileng ka hore na mocheso o hlophisitsoe joang le seo o se etsang.
Anatomy le Moralo
Dermis e na le likarolo tse peli: tse tšesaane, tse ka holimo tse tsejoang e le limela tsa papilla , le tse teteaneng, tse ka tlase tse tsejoang e le li -rticis . Botenya ba eona bo fapana ho ea ka sebaka sa letlalo. Ka mohlala, lesela le nang le mahlo a mailiba le bolelele ba limithara tse 0,6; ka morao, matsoho a liatla le maoto a maoto a bophara ba limilimithara tse 3.
Dermis e na le metsi a mangata 'me e na le likarolo tsa bohlokoa boemong bo bobeli ba mocheso le ho fana ka mali ho epidermis. Mehaho e fumanoang ka har'a dermis e kenyeletsa:
- Lihlahisoa tse sebetsang - Ka ho khetheha collagen le elastin
- Li-capillaries tsa mali (methapo ea metsing e nyenyane ka ho fetisisa) le lijana tse ling tse nyane
- Likepe tsa lymph
- Litšoelesa tsa bofu
- Litšoelesa tse nyonyehang ( li-gland tsa oli) - Tse tsejoang ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho kenngoa le ho hlahisa lihlooho tse tšoeu tsa li-acne, litšoelesa tsa sebaceous li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho sireletsa 'mele
- Ho fela ha methapo
- Moriri oa moriri - 'Mele o na le mefuta e ka bang limilione tse peli tsa moriri oa moriri
Sehlopha sa Matsoho
Dermis e entsoe ka mefuta e meraro ea lisele tse teng ho pholletsa le lipalesa, eseng ka lihlopha:
- Collagen
- Matheka a tlaase
- Reticular fibers
Karolo ea papillary, karolo e ka holimo ea dermis, e na le tokisetso e tšesaane ea li-collagen fibers.
Lera le tlaase, le pharaletseng le leholo ebile le entsoe ka litšoele tse teteaneng tsa collagen tse hlophisitsoeng li bapisoa le holim'a letlalo.
Mesebetsi eo e e Bapalang
Dermis ke lesela le leholo ka ho fetisisa la letlalo mme ha ho pelaelo hore le bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa. E na le mesebetsi e 'maloa ea bohlokoa, ho akarelletsa:
- Ho hlahisa mofufutso le ho laola mocheso oa 'mele. Ka hare ho limela tsena ho na le litšoelesa tsa mofufutso tse hlahisang mofufutso o hlahang li-pores. 'Mele o rohakana e le mokhoa oa ho itlosa, o laola mocheso le ho ntša chefo. Ho na le litšoelesa tse fetang limilione tse 2,5 tsa mofuli 'meleng,' me ho na le mefuta e 'meli e fapaneng: apocrine le eccrine. Litšoelesa tsa mofu tsa bokoenehi li fumanoa likarolong tse monate haholo tsa 'mele, ho akarelletsa le li-armpits, scalp le sebaka sa thobalano. Li-gland tsa mofufutso, tse fetohang mafolofolo nakong ea bokhachane, li boloka lintho tsa tsona ka har'a menoana ea moriri. Mofufutso o sephiri o hlile oa monko; e qala ho fofoneha ha e kopana le libaktheria tsa letlalo. Li-gland li fufuleloa li fumaneha ho pholletsa le 'mele o mong le o mong: liatleng, liphareng, maotong le phatleng. Litšoelesa tsena li kenya lintho tsa tsona ka ho toba letlalong.
- Ho hlahisa oli. Litšoelesa tsa sebaceous li hlahisa sebum kapa oli. Sebum e thibela baktheria ho hōla letlalong le maemo le moriri le letlalo. Haeba follicle eo litšoelesa tse nyenyane li fumanehang ka tsona li koaheloa ke lisele tse ngata tsa oli kapa tse shoeleng, pimple e tsoela pele.
- Moriri o hōlang. Moriri oa moriri o teng ka lehlabula. Motso o mong le o mong oa mapolanka o kopantsoe le mesifa e nyane, e tsejoang e le methapo ea moriana oa arrector, e etsang konteraka ha 'mele o bata kapa o tšohile, o baka li-goosebumps.
- Ho ikutloa. Dermis e tletse ho fela ha methapo e fetisang lipontšo ho bokong mabapi le hore na lintho li ikutloa joang: ha ho hong ho utloisang bohloko, ho senya, kapa ho ikutloa hantle.
- Ho aba mali. Lijana tsa mali li fumaneha ka maling, a fanang ka letlalo, a tlosa chefo. le ho fana ka epidermis ka mali.
- Ho sireletsa 'mele oohle. Lekhasi le na le li- phagocyte , tse leng lisele tse jang chefo e ka bang kotsi, ho akarelletsa libaktheria. Dermis e se e ntse e sireletsa 'mele, empa phagocyte e fana ka lesela le leng la tšireletso ho ntho leha e le efe e kotsi e kenelletseng epidermis.
- Ho fana ka sebopeho sa letlalo e le hore se be le sebopeho sa sona - Letlalo la mocheso le ikarabella bakeng sa turgor ea letlalo, ho etsa ka tsela e tšoanang le ea motheo oa mohaho.
Ho sebelisana le Epidermis
Ho fapana le maikutlo a khale a neng a nka hore karolo ea letlalo e le mokoallo ho ea ka ntle ho lefats'e, hase feela hore lesea le na le mesebetsi e rarahaneng, empa lesela le li-epidermis li kopana kamehla le puisano e laolang mekhoa ea bohlokoa ea 'mele.
Lisele tse li-epidermis li susumetsa dermis, 'me hape, (ka mesebetsi e kang lisele tse nang le li-cytokines) li susumetsa phetoho ea lisele tsa epidermis. Ke ts'ebetsano ea likarolo tsena tse peli, ha e le hantle, li sitisoa haholo maemong a mang a kang psoriasis .
Tsamaiso e tsofetseng
Ha u nahanisisa ka sebopeho le mosebetsi oa letlalo u ka 'na ua ipotsa hore na ke eng e bakang letlalo-hore na ke eng e bakang wrinkling. Ho na le liphetoho tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa letlalong la rona le botsofali likarolong tsohle tse tharo tsa letlalo ha re ntse re hōla.
Moriri oa malinyane o fetoha o mobebe ka lilemo 'me ho etsoa ha collagen e nyenyane. Elastin e felloa ke matla-e se e tlaase hakaalo feela joalokaha leqeba le tlamang ka har'a makhetlo a mabeli le ka 'na la felloa ke matla. Sena ke sona se lebisang ho wrinkling le sagging.
Litšoelesa tsa sebaceous li etsa hore sebum e fokotsehe ha li-gland li ruruha haholo, ka bobeli tse tlatsetsang letlalong la boleng ba lilemo.
Sebaka se kahare kapa bothata ba ho kopana pakeng tsa dermis le epidermis le tsona lia fokotseha. Sena se etsa hore mali a mangata a se ke a fumanoa ho tloha ka lekhapetleng ho ea ho epidermis le limatlafatsi tse fokolang tse etsang hore e be karolo ea ka ntle ea letlalo. Ts'ebetso ena e tsoang sebakeng se kopanelang e boetse e etsa hore letlalo le be thata haholoanyane.
Li-tumor
Feela joalokaha ho hōla ho sa tloaelehang ha epidermis ho hlahisa kankere ea letlalo le tloaelehileng haholo, lihlahala li ka hlaha ho tloha letlalong le letlalo la letlalo. Mofuta o mong oa hlahala e qalang ka lesela le bitsoang dermatofibroma (kapa benign fibrous hertiocytoma.) Li-tumor tsena tse tloaelehileng li atisa ho hlaha maotong a basali ba lilemong tse bohareng. Ha e tsejoe hantle hore na ke eng e bakang lihlahala tsena, empa hangata li etsahala ka mor'a mofuta o itseng oa tsietsi.
Tšireletso
Feela joalokaha e le habohlokoa ho sireletsa li-epidermis ho tloha letsatsing le leholo, ke habohlokoa ho sireletsa lesea la hao hantle. Ho senya letsatsi ho senya collagen ('me ho baka liphetoho ho elastin) e ka etsang hore motho a qhobane pele ho nako.
Lisebelisoa:
Kumar, Vinay, Abul K. Abbas, Jon C. Aster, le James A. Perkins. Li-Robbins le Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier / Saunders, 2015. Print.