Seo Tlhahlobo e Bonolo e ka se Tsebang ka Bophelo ba Hao
Karyotype ke, ka ho toba, setšoantšo sa li-chromosome tse teng ka har'a seleng e le 'ngoe. Li-chromosomes ke mehaho e kang ea mokokotlo ka har'a mokokotlo oa lisele tse entsoeng ka protheine le molek'hule e le 'ngoe ea deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA e na le litaelo tse tobileng tse etsang hore mofuta o mong le o mong oa sebōpuoa se phelang se ikhethang, ho latela National Human Genome Research Institute.
Hangata ngaka e tla laela karyotype e le hore e fumane hore na boemo bo bakoa ke mofuta o itseng oa bothata ba liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ke tlhahlobo e se nang bohloko, e amang karolo e nyenyane ho feta ho fumana sesebelisoa sa lisele, empa e ka bua haholo ka bophelo bo botle ba motho. Mona ke kakaretso ea hore na karyotyping e fetile joang le hore na e ka senola eng.
Kamoo Karyotypes e Etsoang Kateng
Karyotype e ka bōptjoa ho tsoa mefuta e fapaneng ea lisele. Hangata, sesebelisoa sa mali ke sona se hlokahalang, empa haeba ho na le ho ameha hore lesea le ntseng le hōla le na le mokhoa o sa tloaelehang oa chromosomal, amniotic fluid e ka 'na ea hloka ho huloa. Sena se kenyelletsa ho kenya nale ho mosali mpeng ea moimana-mokhoa o batlang o sireletsehile le o sa utloeng bohloko.
Ka mor'a hore sesebelisoa e bokelloe, e tla hlahlojoa ka laboratori ke setsebi se bitsoang cytogeneticist se tla arola lisele, se hōlise hore se lekane ho hlahloba, ebe se lokolla li-chromosome ho tloha lisele.
Ka nako ena, li-chromosome li tla silafatsoa, li hlahlojoe, li baloe, ebe li hlophisoa.
Cytogeneticist e tla boela e sheba sebopeho sa chromosome ho tiisa hore ha ho na letho le lahlehileng kapa le kenyelelitsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso. Hang ha ts'ebetso ena e felile, liphuputso li ngotsoe 'me liphello tsa liteko li fetisetsoa ho ngaka e ileng ea laela karyotype, hangata ka matsatsi a mararo ho isa ho a supileng.
Ho nka nako e teletsana ho etsa karyotype ea sesebelisuoa sa bokhachane, leha ho le joalo-hohle ho tloha matsatsing a 10 ho ea ho a 14.
Setšoantšo sa Bophelo
Ntho ea pele karyotype e senola ke palo ea li-chromosome motho o nang le eona: Ka sampula e tloaelehileng, ho na le lihlopha tse 23 tsa li-chromosome tse 46. Karyotype e boetse e netefatsa bongata ba bongata: Li-chromosome tse peli tsa X li bontša basali; X le Y chromosome e bolela banna.
Ntle le tlhahisoleseding ena ea motheo, cytogeneticist e ka sebelisa karyotype ho fumana lefu leha e le lefe kapa boemo bo bakoang ke ho ba le li-chromosome tse eketsehileng kapa tse sieo. Ka mohlala, Down syndrome e hlahisa ha ho e-na le kopi e feletseng ea kromosome 21 kapa e sa lekaneng, ho ea ka National Down Syndrome Society. Ka lebaka lena, ka linako tse ling Down syndrome e bitsoa trisomy 21.
Maemo a mang a ka fumanoang a sebelisa karyotyping a kenyeletsa:
- Mathata a Edward (trisomy 18)
- Patau lefu la (trisomy 13)
- Turner syndrome (e le 'ngoe X)
- Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)
- Lefu la XYY
- Triple X syndrome (XXX)
Karyotype e ka boela ea senola hore li-chromosomes li bakoa ke maemo a kang Cri-du-Chat syndrome (chromosome 5) kapa Williams syndrome (chromosome 7), hammoho le ho fetisetsa karolo eo karolo e itseng ea chromosome e fumanehang ho eona kapa e fetisitsoe ka karolo e 'ngoe ea chromosome e fapaneng.
Ho tloha ho karolo ea 2 ho ea ho karolo ea 3 lekholong ea linyeoe tsa Down syndrome li bakoa ke translocation ka chromosome 21, mohlala.
Monyetla oa hore karyotype e tla senola bothata bo bongata ba liphatsa tsa lefutso ho uena kapa ngoana ea e-s'o tsoaloe e ka ba le maikutlo a ho ba le ntho e tšosang, empa u hopole hore tsebo e eketsehileng mabapi le bophelo bo botle, u tla khona ho sebetsana le eona .
> Mehloli:
> Medline Plus. "Karyotyping."
> Mokhatlo oa National Down Syndrome. "Sefuba sa Tlhaho ke Eng?"
> Institute of National Human Genome Research Institute. "Chromosomes." Ka la 16 June, 2015.