Ha ho ntse ho metsoa ho nkoa e le bohato bo se nang boikemisetso, bo se nang boikemisetso, ha e le hantle ke mokhoa o thata le o tsamaisanang hantle har'a mesifa le methapo e mengata.
Ke kahoo maemo a likobo, a khetholloang ke tšenyo ea boko, mokokotlo kapa methapo, a ka baka mathata a ho metsa (a bitsoang dysphagia).
Matšoao a Neurological
Maemo a tloaelehileng haholo a methapo ea mali a amanang le dysphagia a kenyelletsa:
- Stroke
- Matšoenyeho a hlooho
- Multiple sclerosis
- Cerebral palsy
- Dementia
- Matšoafo a boko kapa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo
- Kotsi ea mokokotlo oa mokokotlo
- Boloetse ba motlakase oa motlakase
- Myopathy
Ho itšetlehile ka boemo bo itseng ba methapo ea pelo, motho a ka 'na a fumana dysphagia ka lebaka le ikhethang. Ka mohlala, motho a ka 'na a thatafalloa ke ho otloa ke stroke hobane ho ka' na ha e-ba le ho ba sieo kapa ho lieha ho metsa mesifa ea mokokotlo le ho fokotsa leleme la ho laola leleme.
Lefung la Parkinson , dysphagia e ka 'na ea e-ba teng ka karabo e liehang ho amoheloa, hammoho le letšoao le bitsoang puo ea ho phunya, moo leleme la motho le sutulang ka morao le ho feta ho thibela lijo hore li se ke tsa tloha molomong.
Matšoao le Mathata
Ho fokotsa mathata ho ka fella ka tlhahiso e fetisisang ea marapo, ho theolela, ho khohlela kapa ho khaola nakong ea ho ja, esita le ho thatafalloa ke ho bua kapa lentsoe le phatsimang. Tšoaetso ea matšoafo a bitsoang aspiration pneumonia e ka boela ea etsahala, joalo ka ha khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng le ho felloa ke metsi.
E le ho qoba mathata ana a dysphagia, tlhahlobo ea lefu la kelello hangata e akarelletsa tlhahlobo ea molao ea ho emisa. Sena se ka thusa ho tseba dysphagia pele mathata a hlaha.
Lipakane tsa ho ikoetlisa
Meriana e reretsoeng ho ntlafatsa ho emisa e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho matlafatsa mesifa le ho haha ho sebetsana le methapo le mesifa e amehang ho koenya.
Ha e le hantle, ho sebelisa mesifa ea hao e metse ke tsela e molemohali ea ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba hau ba ho metsa.
Ho phaella litšoantšong tseo u ka li etsang ka puo ea hao le ho koala setsebi, u ka boela ua ntlafatsa mosebetsi oa hao oa ho metsa ka ho ikoetlisa ha u ntse u koetlisa lapeng.
Mona ke lisebelisuoa tse ling tse matlafatsang tse entsoeng ke litsebi tsa ho lokisa lefu la dysphagia.
Koetliso ea Shaker
Boikoetliso bona bo bonolo bo ka matlafatsa mesifa ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba hau ba ho metsa.
Ho etsa mosebetsi ona, robala mokokotlong oa hau mme u phahamise hlooho ea hau joalokaha eka u leka ho lokisa mahlo a hao. Ha u ntse u etsa sena, etsa bonnete ba hore u se ke ua phahamisa mahetla.
Ho molemo ho etsa boikoetliso bona ka makhetlo a mararo ho isa ho a tšeletseng ka letsatsi bonyane libeke tse tšeletseng. Haeba o khona ho o phetha ka katleho, o ka eketsa nako ea hlooho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ho phahamisa le ho eketsa palo ea ho pheta-pheta.
Hyoid Lift Maneuver
Koetliso ena e tla u thusa ho haha matla a mesifa le ho laola.
Beha likotoana tse seng kae tsa pampiri (hoo e ka bang bolelele ba lisenthimithara) holim'a kobo kapa thaole. Ebe u tšela molomo molomong oa hao 'me u noe e' ngoe ea likaroloana ho eona. Tsoela pele ho anyesa lehare ho boloka pampiri e khomaretsoeng, e tlise holim'a senoelo kapa seno se tšoanang mme u khaotse ho anyesa.
Sena se tla lokolla pampiri ena ka setsing.
Pakane ea hau bakeng sa thuto ka 'ngoe ke ho beha likarolo tse ka bang hlano ho isa ho tse 10 tsa pampiri.
Mendelsohn Maneuver
Boikoetliso bona bo bonolo bo sebetsa haholo ho ntlafatsa mohopolo o emang. E akarelletsa ho metsa masapo a hao. Hangata, ha marapo a kena sebakeng seo ka morao molomong oa hao ha a ntse a metsa, apole ea Adama ea hao (sebaka se thata ho tloha ka tlaase ho sefahleho sa molaleng oa hau) se nyoloha ebe se khutlela morao.
Ho etsa boikoetliso bona, boloka apole ea Adama ea hao e phahame ka metsotsoana e 'meli ho isa ho e mehlano nako le nako. E le hore u utloisise mokhatlo hantle, u ka boloka apole ea Adama ea hao e phahamisitsoe ka menoana ea hau pele.
Pheta ketsahalo ena ka makhetlo a 'maloa ka letsatsi ho fihlela o khona ho laola mesifa ea hao e metse ntle le thuso matsohong a hau.
Sesebelisoa se Atlehang
Sepheo sa ketsahalo ena ke ho ntlafatsa puisano le ho sebelisana pakeng tsa mesifa e sa tšoaneng e sebelisoang nakong ea ketso ea ho metsa.
Ha e le hantle, boikoetliso bo entsoe ka ho metsa. Empa ha u ntse u etsa joalo, u lokela ho leka ho fokotsa mesifa eohle ea ho metsa ka thata kamoo u ka khonang. Ha ho hlokahale hore o je lijo nakong ea boikoetliso. Ho omella feela ho omella ho tla etsoa.
Etsa sena ka makhetlo a mahlano ho isa ho a 10, ka makhetlo a mararo ka letsatsi ho matlafatsa mesifa ea hau.
Masole a Phahameng
U lokela ho leka koetliso ena ntle le lijo pele. Ha u ntse u ntlafala ha u ikoetlisa, u ka e leka ka lijo tsa sebele molomong oa hao.
Ketsahalo ena e na le mehato e meraro e bonolo:
- Ntlha ea pele, nka phefumoloho e tebileng
- Tšoara, ha u ntse u metsa
- Ho khohlela ho tlosa lisebelisoa leha e le life tsa masapo kapa lijo tse ka 'nang tsa theoha ho feta lithapo tsa hau tsa lentsoe
Phaputso e Khōlō ea Super Supraglottic
Koetliso ena e tšoana feela le moqapi oa lihlooho tse hlalositsoeng ka holimo, empa ka ho kheloha ho eketsehileng.
Ka mor'a hore u heme ka ho tebileng, itšoare ha u ntse u metsa. Khatello e hlahisitse ho thusa ka ho metsa le ho eketsa matla a mesifa ea hao e metang.
Lentsoe le Tsoang ho
Haeba uena kapa motho eo u mo ratang a e-na le dysphagia ho tloha mokokotlong, litlhahlobo tsena li ka ntlafatsa ho metsa le ho thusa ho thibela takatso le khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng.
Nakong ea phekolo ea meriana, setsebi sa hau se ka boetse sa khothalletsa liphetoho tsa lijo ho ntlafatsa ho metsa joaloka ho sebelisa joang kapa khaba, ho noa lijo tse nyane, kapa ho sebelisa lihlahisoa tse ngata tse nyenyane.
> Mehloli:
> Hegland KW, Davenport PW, Brandimore AE, Fumaneha FF, Troche MS. Ho tsosolosoa ha ho emisa le ho khohlela mesebetsi ka mor'a ho otloa ke lefu: Tlhahlobo ea ho koetlisa masapo ea ho fokola. Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 2016 Aug; 97 (8): 1345-51.
Lembo AJ. (2017). Oropharyngeal dysphagia. Talley NJ, ed. E maemong. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc.
> Liaparo tse ling L, Arreola V, Mukherjee R, Swanson J, Clavé P. Liphello tsa xanthan-based based thickener ka ts'ebetso e matla ea bakuli ba nang le dysphagia. Feela Pharmacol Ther. 2014 May; 39 (10): 1169-79.
> Tjaden K. Puo le ho metsa mafu a Parkinson. Rehabil e phahameng ea Geriatr . 2008; 24 (2): 115-26.