Ho tseba motheo oa liphatsa tsa lefutso ho ka u thusa ho utloisisa mathata a liphatsa tsa lefutso
Metseng ea saense tsebo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e eketseha letsatsi le leng le le leng, ho etsa hore litsebi tsa bongaka le lisebelisuoa tsa phekolo li khone ho feta letsatsi ka leng. Haeba uena kapa motho eo u mo ratang a fumanoe a e-na le botsoako ba liphatsa tsa lefutso, u ka 'na ua fumana ho le thata ho boloka mantsoe ana ohle a liphatsa tsa lefutso. Mona ke tse ling tsa mantsoe a tloaelehileng haholo le seo u hlokang ho se tseba ka bona.
DNA ke eng?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) e na le boitsebiso ba liphatsa tsa lefutso meleng ea 'mele oa hao. DNA e entsoe ka lik'hemik'hale tse 'nè tse tšoanang-adenine, thymine, cytosine, le guanine-tse bitsoang likoti le lifubelu tse kang A, T, C, le G. Ts'ebetso tsena li pheta-pheta ka makhetlo a mangata ka bobeli ho etsa DNA ea hau.
Gene ke eng?
Gene ke karolo e ikhethang ea DNA ea sele ea hau. Li-Genese li na le litaelo tsa ho etsa ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe eo 'mele oa hao oe hlokang, haholo-holo liprotheine. U na le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ka bang 25 000. Bafuputsi ha ba e-s'o fumane hore na boholo ba liphatsa tsa rona tsa lefutso bo etsa eng, leha ho le joalo, liphatsa tsa rona tsa lefutso li ka amahanngoa le mathata a kang cystic fibrosis kapa lefu la Huntington.
Liprotheine: Lihaho Tsa Rōna
Liprotheine ke liketane tsa mehaho ea lik'hemik'hale tse bitsoang amino acid. Protheine e ka ba le li-amino acid tse 'maloa feela ka ketane ea eona kapa e ka ba le likete tse' maloa. Liprotheine li theha motheo oa boholo ba seo 'mele oa hao o se etsang joaloka ho cheka, ho etsa matla le ho hōla.
Melemo ea Chromosomes
Liphatsa tsa lefutso li kenngoa ka likotlolo tse bitsoang li-chromosome. Batho ba na le lihlopha tse 23 tsa li-chromosome, tse hlahisang li-chromosome tse 46 ka bomong. Har'a lihlopha tsena tse peli, para e le 'ngoe, x le y chromosome, e etsa qeto ea hore na u motona kapa mosali, hammoho le litšobotsi tse ling tsa' mele. Basali ba na le li-chromosomes tse peli ha banna ba e-na le li-chromosome tsa XY.
Lihlopha tse ling tse 22 li na le li-chromosome tsa autosomal, tse etsang qeto ea hore na 'mele oa hao o entsoe joang.
Human Genome?
Human genome ke kopi e feletseng ea litaelo tsohle tsa liphatsa tsa motho. Human Genome Project, e phethiloeng ka 2003, e ile ea tsebahatsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsohle tsa lefutso la DNA le ho boloka boitsebiso bo boitsebisong, e le hore bafuputsi bohle ba se sebelise.
Ho utloisisa liphetoho
Taelo e khethehileng ea lihlopha tse peli tsa As, Ts, C, le Gs ke tsa bohlokoa haholo DNA ea hau. Ka linako tse ling ho na le phoso-e 'ngoe ea lipampiri e fetoha, e theoha kapa e pheta-pheta. Sena se fetola coding bakeng sa e le 'ngoe kapa tse ling tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso' me e bitsoa phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso. Liphetoho tse ling ha li na kotsi, ha liphetoho tse ling li ka baka maloetse kapa li lebisa ho ima e sa khonehang.
Tsela e 'ngoe eo DNA ea hau e ka fetolang ka eona ke liphoso lichromosomes tsa hau. Likarolo tsa chromosome li ka fela, li fetola karolo ea e 'ngoe ea chromosome, kapa li kenngoa ka har'a chromosome e tšoanang. Haeba e 'ngoe ea liphoso tsena kapa tse ling e etsahala joale liphetoho, tse tsejoang hape e le liphetoho, li etsahala nakong ea ho ngolisa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa hau. U ka boela ua ba le li-chromosome tse tharo, tse tsejoang e le trisomy, kapa e le 'ngoe feela ea chromosome, ho e-na le para e tloaelehileng. Down syndrome, eo hape e bitsoang trisomy 21, e hlaha ha ho e-na le li-chromosome tse tharo tse 21.
Lisebelisoa
- > Burton, Jess, & Jon Turney. Tataiso e Bobebe ho ea ho Genese & Cloning . London: Rough Guide Ltd, 2007.
- > "Gene ke eng?" Ho utloisisa liphatsa tsa lefutso. The Tech Museum of Innovation. 21 Jan 2008.
- > "Kamoo Mathata a Liphatsa tsa lefutso a Huoang Kateng." Mokhatlo oa Bongaka oa Howard Hughes. 21 Jan 2008.
- > "The Basics And Over." Ithute.Genetiki. Univesithi ea Utah. 21 Jan 2008.