Ithute hore na ke hobane'ng ha CDC e ba khothalletsa, ha ba fuoa, le ho feta
Liente li ka ba e 'ngoe ea mehato e molemohali ea thibelo eo motsoali a ka e nkang ho sireletsa lesea, ngoana kapa mocha ho tsoa maloetse a tšoaetsanoang. Liente tse ling li ka thibela maloetse ho batho ba baholo. Liente li re thusa ho qoba liphello tse tebileng tsa bophelo bo botle, tse kang bohloko, ho kena sepetlele esita le lefu. Ke habohlokoa hore motho e mong le e mong a fumane ente joalokaha ho buelloa-eseng bakeng sa bophelo ba bona feela empa le bophelo bo botle ba ba bang.
Liente li khothalletsoa ho latela lilemo, tekano, esita le sebaka sa ho tsamaea. Pele re hlahlobisisa ka ho toba ho e mong le e mong, tlhaloso e akaretsang ea melemo ea e mong le e mong e ka ba molemo.
- Boloetse ba Hepatitis B bo sireletsa khahlanong le lefu la sebete le fetisitsoeng ka mali.
- Phofu ea DTaP e sireletsa khahlanong le d iphtheria, t etanus, le p ertussis. Diphteria e koahela methapo e teteaneng, e leng ho etsa hore ho be thata ho hema. Tetanus e ka baka khatello e tebileng ea mesifa 'me e boetse e bitsoa "lockjaw." Pertussis ke ea khohlela.
- Kofu ea Hib e sireletsa khahlanong le Haemophilus influenzae mofuta oa b, o ka bakang pneumonia , meningitis, le epiglottitis (ho ruruha ha epiglottis).
- PCV13 e sireletsa khahlanong le lefu la pneumococcal. Bana ba banyenyane, lefu la pneumococcal le ka baka pneumococcal meningitis. Batho ba hōlileng, hangata ba baka pneumonia.
- Go thibela thibelo ea poliovirus e sireletsa khahlanong le poliomyelitis, e ka etsang hore motho a shoele litho.
- Rotato ea Rotavirus e sireletsa khahlanong le rotavirus, sesosa se tloaelehileng sa letšollo.
- Phofu ea MMR e sireletsa m easles, m mps, le r ubella. Measles le mumps li ka baka tšenyo ea boko. Rubella e ka bakela bokooa bo matla.
- Lenane la Varicella le sireletsa khahlanong le khōhō ea khōhō, e leng le hoja e le e nang le boikutlo bo botle ho batho ba bangata, e ka etsa hore batho ba kene sepetlele-haholo-holo har'a bana ba banyenyane.
- Kofu ea Hepatitis A e sireletsa khahlanong le boloetse bo sebetsang (e leng, nako e khutšoanyane) ea sebete, e leng ho fokolisang. Hepatitis A e alafatsoa ka lijo le metsi a silafalitsoeng 'me a atisa ho baka mafu a seoa, e leng se bakang tahlehelo e kholo ea moruo.
- Moente oa thibela o sireletsa khahlanong le mafu a sefuba.
- Tdap e sireletsa khahlanong le etanus ea t , d iphtheria, le p ertussis. E tšoane le boeletsi ba DTaP.
- Meriana ea meningococcal e sireletsa khahlanong le meningococcal lefu, e bakang meningitis le tšoaetso ea mali.
- Boloetse ba popillomavirus bo sireletsa khahlanong le kankere e bakoang ke papillomavirus ea motho. Taba ea hore papillomavirus ea motho e baka li-warts tsa thobalano . Mokotla ona o khothalletsoa bashanyana le banana.
- PPSV23 e sireletsa khahlanong le pneumonia ea pneumococcal 'me hangata e fuoa batho ba hōlileng.
- Boloetse ba yellow fever bo sireletsa khahlanong le yellow fever, lefu la tropike. Ke baeti feela le batho ba linaheng tse itseng tsa tropike ba kenang liente.
- Kokoana ea li-shingles e fokotsa kotsi ea hore batho ba hōlileng ba hlaolele li-shingles . Li-shingles li baka ho phatloha ho bohloko haholo.
- Mokotla oa k'holera o fanoa ho baeti ho ea libakeng tsa tropike. Cholera e baka letšollo le nang le metsi a kotsi.
- Liente tsa encephalitis tsa Japane li sireletsa khahlanong le encephalitis ea Majapane. Le hoja batho ba bangata ba nang le tšoaetso ea encephalitis ea Japane ha ba bone matšoao, encephalitis ea Majapane e ka baka tšoaetso ea boko. Kofu e khothalletsoa ho baeti ba ea Asia ea mahaeng.
- Boloetse ba tšoaetso ea lifofane bo fana ka tšireletso khahlanong le typhoid, eo batho ba e fumanang ka ho ja lijo tse silafetseng le metsi. Sefefo se bakoa ke feberu, bohloko ba mpa, bofokoli, le ho feta. Baeti linaheng tse tsoelang pele ba lokela ho nahana ka ente.
- Meriana ea li-rabi e sireletsa khahlanong le li-rabies. Ma-rabi a bolaea boholo ba batho ba sa fumaneng tšoaetso e potlakileng ka mor'a ho pepesa. Batho ba longoang ke liphoofolo tse hlaha ba lokela ho fumana ente.
Boloetse ba Hepatitis B
Sehlopha se ka sehloohong (li) tsa bana : Bana
E khothalletsoa e mong le e mong: E.
Lilemo tsa tsamaiso ea pele: pele ho lihora tse 24 tsa tsoalo
Palo ea tekanyo: 3
Nako:
- Ha a hlaha
- Pakeng tsa likhoeli tse 1 le tse peli
- Pakeng tsa likhoeli tse 6 le tse 18
Tsela ea tsamaiso: Injection
Tekano: Monna le mosali
Lintlha tse khethehileng: Hepatitis B ke boloetse bo bakang ho ruruha ha sebete. E ka baka lefu la ho ruruhana, boemo boo lisele tse nyenyane li nkeloang ho tsona li nkela lisele tse phetseng hantle tse lebisang ho hlokeng sebete le kankere ea sebete.
Lefu la sebete la hepatitis B le fetisoa ka mali kapa ka metsi a mang a 'mele. United States, batho ba limilione tse 1,25 ba tšoaetsoa ke tšoaetso e sa foleng (ke hore, nako e telele) ea lefu la sebete sa B. Batho ba etsang karolo ea mashome a mararo a tšeletseng a metso e tšeletseng ba tšoaetsoa nakong ea bongoaneng. Ho fihlela ho karolo ea 25 lekholong ea batho ba tšoaelitsoeng ha masea a shoa ka lefu la sebete ha a le batho ba baholo, ke ka lebaka leo ho bohlokoa haholo ho thibela tšoaetso ka ho entoa nakong ea tsoalo.
Boloetse ba Diphtheria, Tetanus, Acellular Pertussis (DTaP)
Lihlopha tsa mathomo a mathomo ( masea a bohareng ): masea le bana ba banyenyane
E khothalletsoa e mong le e mong: E.
Nako ea tsamaiso ea pele: likhoeli tse peli
Palo ea tekanyo: 5
Nako:
- Ka likhoeli tse peli
- Ka likhoeli tse 4
- Ka likhoeli tse 6
- Pakeng tsa likhoeli tse 15 le tse 18
- Pakeng tsa lilemo tse 4 le tse 6
Tsela ea tsamaiso: Injection
Tekano: Monna le mosali
Lintlha tse khethehileng: Pertussis e tsejoa e le "ho khohlela ho hoholo." Ke lefu le tšoaetsanoang haholo le hlahisang boloetse bo khohlela bo nkang libeke tse peli kapa ho feta 'me li ka tsamaisana le ho hlatsa. Pertussis e kotsi ka ho fetisisa har'a masea 'me e ka lebisa pneumonia, tšenyo ea boko, ho tsieleha le lefu.
Pertussis ke boloetse bo sa laoleheng ka ho fetisisa bo ka thibeloang ka thibela. Kakaretso ea li-crescendos tsa pertussis lilemo tse 3 ho isa ho tse hlano, 'me palo ea linyeoe e ntse e eketseha ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1980. Liente tsa DTaP li sebetsa pakeng tsa 80 le 89 lekholong ea nako. Ka mantsoe a mang, esita le haeba motho a entoa, ho ka etsahala hore a ntse a tšoaelitsoe ke pertussis.
Phofu ea DTaP e boetse e sireletsa khahlanong le diphtheria le tetanase. Diphteria e koahela molaleng ka ho roala e teteaneng 'me e lebisa ho ho shoeloa ke lefu, ho hloleha ha pelo, le mathata a ho hema. Tetanus e etsa hore mesifa e tiisoe, haholo-holo ea hlooho le molala, ke ka lebaka leo e bitsoa "lockjaw." Lefu lena le tiisang le etsa hore ho be thata ho bula molomo, ho metsa le ho hema. Esita le nakong ea tlhokomelo ea kajeno ea bophelo bo botle, e mong oa batho ba 10 ba nang le tšoaetso ea tetanase ea shoa, empa kotsi e fokotsoa haholo haeba u ka fuoa liente joalokaha ho buelloa. Litlhahiso tsa boipheliso li khothalletsoa ho tloha lilemong tsa 11 le lilemo tse 10 tse latelang.
Tetanus, Diphtheria le Acellular Pertussis (Tdap)
Sehlopha sa mathomo (li) tsa lilemo tsa bocha : Bacha
E khothalletsoa e mong le e mong: E.
Nako ea tsamaiso ea pele: Pakeng tsa lilemo tse 11 le tse 12
Palo ea litekanyetso: 1 hammoho le motsoako oa tetanase lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 10
Nako: Pakeng tsa lilemo tse 11 le tse 12; tetemase booster ka mor'a lilemo tse 10
Tsela ea tsamaiso: Injection
Tekano: Monna kapa mosali
Lintlha tse khethehileng: Tdap ke thibelo ea thister e sireletsang khahlanong le tekanyo, diphtheria le pertussis. Bacha ba qala ho fumana ente e pakeng tsa lilemo tse 11 le tse 12 'me ba fumana li-TD boosters (tetanase le diphtheria empa e se pertussis) lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse leshome. Basali ba lokela ho fumana ente ka bokhachane bo bong le bo bong hobane masea a le kotsing e kholo ka ho fetisisa. Taba ea hore masea a qala ho entoa ka lefu la diphtheria, li-acellular pertussis le tetanus (thibelo ea DTaP) ka likhoeli tse peli.
Haemophilus influenzae mofuta oa b (Hib) Vaccin
Sehlopha se ka sehloohong (li) tsa bana : Bana
E khothalletsoa e mong le e mong: E.
Nako ea tsamaiso ea pele: likhoeli tse peli
Palo ea tekanyo: 3 kapa 4 (ho itšetlehile ka ho etsa ente ea Hib e sebelisitsoeng)
Nako (haeba litekanyetso tse 4):
- Likhoeli tse peli
- Likhoeli tse 4
- Likhoeli tse 6
- Pakeng tsa likhoeli tse 12 le tse 15
Tsela ea tsamaiso: Injection
Tekano: Monna le mosali
Lintlha tse khethehileng: Koetliso ea Hib e ka fanoa e le mong (Hib feela) kapa e kopane le liente tse ling. Kofu ea Hib e sireletsa khahlanong le libaktheria tse bitsoang Haemophilus influenzae mofuta oa b (Hib). Le hoja lefuba le emetse "I" Hib, libaktheria ha li bake "mafu a mafu".
Libaktheria tsa Hib li hasana moeeng. Ho tšoaetsoa ke libaktheria tsa HIb ho ka baka meningitis (tšoaetso ea mokelikeli le lesela la boko le mokokotlo oa mokokotlo); epiglottitis (tšoaetso ea epiglottis, leqhoa la marulelo le koahelang sepakapaka nakong ea ho metsa); le pneumonia (tšoaetso ea lefuba).
Phofu ea Pneumococcal Conjugate (PCV13)
Sehlopha se ka sehloohong (li) tsa bana : Bana
E khothalletsoa e mong le e mong: E.
Nako ea tsamaiso ea pele: likhoeli tse peli
Palo ea tekanyetso: 4
Nako:
- Ka likhoeli tse peli
- Ka likhoeli tse 4
- Ka likhoeli tse 6
- Pakeng tsa likhoeli tse 12 le tse 15
Tekanyetso e le 'ngoe e khothalletsoang batho ba baholo ba lilemo li 65 kapa ho feta.
Tsela ea tsamaiso: Injection
Tekano: Monna le mosali
Lintlha tse khethehileng: PCV13 e sireletsa khahlanong le mefuta e 13 ea libaktheria tsa pneumococcal. Matšoao a lefu la pneumococcal a baka pneumonia; tšoaetso ea mali (e leng, bacteria); le meningitis. Pneumonia ea pneumococcal e ama boholo ba batho.
Bana ba sa tsitsang ba ka fumana pneumococcal meningitis, e bolaeang karolo ea 10 lekholong ea bana ba amehileng, kahoo ke habohlokoa hore ba entsoe joalo ka khothaletso. Pneumococcal meningitis e ka boetse ea baka bofofu le ho se utloe.
Le hoja mang kapa mang a ka fumana lefu la pneumococcal, bana ba ka tlaase ho lilemo tse peli, batho ba lilemo li 65 kapa ho feta, ba tsubang, mme batho ba nang le maemo a itseng a bophelo bo botle ba kotsi haholo. Ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa, lithibela-mafu tse sebelisetsoang ho phekola lefu la pneumococcal li sa sebetse ho feta kamoo li neng li tloaetse kateng, ke kahoo ho entoa ho bohlokoa haholo.
Chilisi ea Poliovirus e sa sebetseng
Lihlopha tsa mathomo a mathomo (li): Bana le bana ba banyenyane
E khothalletsoa e mong le e mong: E.
Nako ea tsamaiso ea pele: likhoeli tse peli
Palo ea tekanyetso: 4
Nako:
- Ka likhoeli tse peli
- Ka likhoeli tse 4
- Pakeng tsa likhoeli tse 6 le tse 18
- Pakeng tsa lilemo tse 4 le tse 6
Tsela ea tsamaiso: Kotsi ho US; molomo (ka molomo) o fumanehang ka machaba (o sa sebelisoe US ho tloha ka 2000)
Tekano: Monna le mosali
Lintlha tse khethehileng: Batho ba bangata ba tšoaelitsoeng ke polio ha ba na matšoao. Batho ba ka tlase ho karolo ea 2 lekholong ba na le lefu la polio, kapa tšoaetso ea tsamaiso ea methapo e ka hare, e ka lebisang ho shoeleng litho.
Ha ho na maemo a poliomyelitis United States ka lilemo tse mashome. Leha ho le joalo, ho ntse ho buelloa hore bana bohle ba fumane ente hobane ho na le mafu a poliovirus linaheng tse ling.
Phepo ea Rotavirus
Sehlopha se ka sehloohong (li) tsa bana : Bana
E khothalletsoa e mong le e mong: E.
Nako ea tsamaiso ea pele: likhoeli tse peli
Palo ea tekanyo: 2 kapa 3 ho itšetlehile ka ho etsa
Nako (haeba litekanyetso tse 3):
- Ka likhoeli tse peli
- Ka likhoeli tse 4
- Ka likhoeli tse 6
Tsela ea tsamaiso: Ka molomo
Tekano: Monna kapa mosali
Tlhokomelo e khethehileng: Liente tse peli tse fapaneng tsa rotavirus li ile tsa hlahisoa hobane ho ne ho hlakile hore ntlafatso ea bohloeki le bohloeki bo ke ke ba felisa lefu lena. Rotavirus ke sesosa se tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa sa letšollo la masea le la bana lefatšeng ka bophara 'me se hlahisa linyeoe tse pakeng tsa 2 le tse 3 United States, li-hospitali tse 60 000, le pakeng tsa lefu la 20 le la 60.
Phofu ea li-measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR)
Lihlopha tsa mathomo a mathomo (li): Bana le bana ba banyenyane
E khothalletsoa e mong le e mong: E.
Nako ea tsamaiso ea pele: likhoeli tse 12
Palo ea tekanyo: 2
Nako:
- Pakeng tsa likhoeli tse 12 le tse 15
- Pakeng tsa lilemo tse 4 le tse 6
Tsela ea tsamaiso: Injection
Lintlha tse khethehileng: Koetliso ea MMR ke ente e kopantsoeng e sireletsang khahlanong le masipong, masipong le rubella.
Li-measles li amahanngoa haholo le liphetoho tsa letlalo (matheba a Koplik) le rash. E boetse e baka tšoaetso ea boloetse, kapa ho senya boko. Ho fokotsa ho ruruha ho bohloko ka mokhoa o tsotehang oa li-gland tsa salivary (parotid). E ka boela ea baka ho ruruha ha li-pancreas le liphala hammoho le tšenyo ea boko le lefu. Rubella e baka ho atolosoa ha lymph nodes, ho phatloha ha letlalo le bohloko ba majoe. E ka bakela bokooa bo matla ho masea a sa tsoa tsoaloa.
Mokhahlelo oa pele oa thibelo ea MMR e sireletsa feela karolo ea 95 lekholong ea ba entang, e leng lebaka leo ho hlokahalang hore tekanyo ea bobeli e hlokahale. Morao tjena, ho bile le tšollo ea masole har'a batho ba sa fumaneng thibelo ea thibela, ho akarelletsa le e 'ngoe ho Disneyland.
Liente tsa Varicella
Lihlopha tsa mathomo a mathomo (li): Bana le bana ba banyenyane
E khothalletsoa e mong le e mong: E.
Nako ea tsamaiso ea pele: likhoeli tse 12
Palo ea tekanyo: 2
Nako:
- Pakeng tsa likhoeli tse 12 le tse 15
- Pakeng tsa lilemo tse 4 le tse 6
Tsela ea tsamaiso: Injection
Tekano: Monna kapa mosali
Lintlha tse khethehileng: Varicella-zoster virus e bakoa ke khōhō (le ho boela ho etsa hore batho ba baholo ba be le likhahla). Tšoaetso e tšoaetsanoa haholo. Likamano tse hlano tsa varicella-zoster li-1000 li fella ka ho kena likoloking.
Boholo ba batho ba kenngoa sepetlele ba pakeng tsa lilemo tse le 'ngoe le tse' nè, ke ka lebaka leo ho entoa ka bongoana ho bohlokoa. Ntle le tšoaetso ea letlalo, varicella-zoster kokoana-hloko e ka boela ea baka pneumonia.
Varicella-zoster ente e ka fuoa hape batho ka mor'a ho fumana tšoaetso ea HIV ho fokotsa tšoaetso. Tlhokomelo, tsamaiso ea bokahohleng ea ente ea varicella e fella ka ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tse amanang. Ka ho khetheha, bakeng sa $ 1 e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e sebelisetsoang ho entoa, $ 5 e bolokiloe.
Boloetse ba Hepatitis A
Lihlopha tsa mathomo a mathomo (li): Bana le bana ba banyenyane
E khothalletsoa e mong le e mong: E.
Nako ea tsamaiso ea pele: likhoeli tse 12
Palo ea tekanyo: 2
Nako: Ka CDC, "Qala lihlopha tse 2 tsa thibelo ea thibelo ea HepA lilemong tse 12 ho isa ho tse 23, arola litekanyo tse 2 ka likhoeli tse 6 ho isa ho tse 18."
Tsela ea tsamaiso: Injection
Tekano: Monna kapa mosali
Lintlha tse khethehileng: Hepatitis A e baka boloetse bo bobe (ke hore, nako e khutšoanyane) sebete. E fetisoa ka lijo le metsi a litšila. Bohloeki bo hloekileng le bohloeki bo futsanehileng bo eketsa kotsi ea tšoaetso ea lefu la sebete.
Le hoja hangata ho bolaea, tšoaetso ea lefu la sebete sa A e ka baka mafu a seoa, a leng kotsi ho bophelo bo botle ba sechaba, mme motho ea nang le tšoaetso a ka hloloheloa libeke tsa mosebetsi kapa sekolo, e leng se fellang ka tahlehelo e kholo ea moruo sechabeng. Hape, lefu la hepatitis A le ka mamella mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea tlhahiso ea lijo, e etsang hore e be likokoana-hloko tse thata. Ka Shanghai ka 1988, batho ba 300 000 ba ile ba kula ba tšoeroe ke lefu la hepatitis A nakong ea seoa.
Khofu ea mafu a kokoana-hloko
Lihlopha tsa mathomo a mathomo: Bana, bana ba banyenyane, bacha, batho ba baholo le batho ba baholo
E khothalletsoa e mong le e mong: E.
Nako ea tsamaiso ea pele: likhoeli tse 6
Palo ea tekanyetso: 1 kapa 2 (ho itšetlehile ka lilemo)
Nako: Pakeng tsa likhoeli tse 6 le lilemo tse 9, tekanyo ea 1 kapa 2; ka mor'a lilemo tse 9, selemo le selemo
Tsela ea tsamaiso: Injection kapa intranasal spray (ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa ente)
Tekano: Monna kapa mosali
Lintlha tse khethehileng: Kofu ea enta e sireletsa khahlanong le feberu ea selemo. Bakeng sa ba bangata, lefu la sefuba ke tšitiso. Leha ho le joalo ho ba bang, lefuba lea bolaea.
Ho ea ka CDC: "Ts'oaetso ea lefuba e ka ama batho ka tsela e fapaneng, empa batho ba limilione ba fumana lefuba selemo le selemo, batho ba likete tse makholo ba kenngoa sepetlele 'me ba likete kapa batho ba likete tse mashome ba bolaoa ke mafu a amanang le mafu a selemo le selemo. Esita le batho ba nang le bophelo bo botle ba ka kula haholo ke lefu la feberu 'me ba le fetisetsa ho ba bang. "Ke habohlokoa ho fumana ente, eseng bakeng sa hao feela, empa molemong oa batho ba bangata ba kotsing, joaloka ba hōlileng kapa ba nang le mekhoa ea ho itšireletsa mafung, hape .
Meningococcal Vaccines
Sehlopha sa mathomo (li) tsa lilemo tsa bocha : Bacha
E khothalletsoa e mong le e mong: E.
Nako ea tsamaiso ea pele: lilemo tse 11 ho isa ho tse 12. (pejana bakeng sa bana ba kotsing e kholo)
Palo ea tekanyo: Ka tloaelo 2 (booster ka 16) empa e ka fapana
Nako:
- Pakeng tsa lilemo tse 11 le tse 12
- Ka lilemo tse 16 (booster)
Tsela ea tsamaiso: Injection
Tekano: Monna kapa mosali
Lintlha tse khethehileng: Liente tsa meningococcal li sireletsa khahlanong le meningococcal lefu le bakoang ke Neisseria meningitides . Libaktheria tsena li baka meningitis (tšoaetso ea lesela la boko le mokokotlo) hammoho le tšoaetso ea mali (bacactia kapa septicemia). Libaktheria tsena li jaleha ka liphiri tsa phefumoloho kapa maro a 'mele (e leng spit).
Ho ba nang le tšoaetso, ho phekoloa kapele ka lithibela-mafu ho hlokahala ho thibela liphello tse mpe. Bacha ba bang ba lilemo li pakeng tsa 16 le 23 ba ka fumana ente ka mofuta oa bobeli oa ente ea meningococcal e bitsoang vacogroup B meningococcal vaccine. Lenane la Serogroup B la meningococcal le boetse le fuoa bana ba lilemo li 10 le ho feta nakong ea pherekano le ba nang le immunodeficiency.
Boloetse ba vacillomavirus (HPV)
Sehlopha sa mathomo (li) tsa lilemo tsa bocha : Bacha
E khothalletsoa e mong le e mong: E.
Nako ea tsamaiso ea pele: lilemo tse 11 ho ea ho tse 12
Palo ea tekanyo: 2
Nako: Meriana ka bobeli e fanoeng pakeng tsa lilemo tse 11 ho isa ho tse 12 ka likhoeli tse 6 ho isa ho tse 12
Tekano: Monna kapa mosali
Lintlha tse khethehileng: Papillomavirus ea motho e baka li-warts tsa thobalano. Mokete oa HPV o sireletsa khahlanong le kankere e bakoang ke papillomavirus ea motho. Batho ba bangata ba nang le tšoaetso ea HPV ha ba hlahise matšoao. Leha ho le joalo, HPV e ka baka mefuta e mengata ea kankere, ho akarelletsa le kankere ea mokokotlo, kankere ea penile, kankere ea kankere, le kankere ea 'metso. Le hoja thibelo ea HPV e kile ea buelloa bakeng sa banana, hona joale e khothalletsoa bashanyana le banana.
Boloetse ba Pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPSV23)
Lihlopha tsa mathomo a mathomo: Batho ba baholo
E khothalletsoa e mong le e mong: E.
Nako ea tsamaiso ea pele: lilemo tse 65 (tse nyenyane lihlopheng tse ling tse kotsing)
Palo ea tekanyo: Ka tloaelo e le 'ngoe
Nako: Monoana o le mong o khothalletsoang batho ba baholo ba lilemo li 65 kapa ho feta.
Tsela ea injection: Injection
Tekano: Monna kapa mosali
Lintlha tse khethehileng: PPSV23 e sireletsa khahlanong le mefuta e 23 ea libaktheria tsa pneumococcal. Hangata e fuoa batho ba baholo ba fetang 65 ba kotsing e kholo ea pneumonia ea pneumococcal. Lihlopha tse ling tse kotsing e kholo li ka kenngoa liente, joalo ka batho ba baholo ho feta ba babeli ba nang le immunodeficiency le mathata a mang a bophelo bo botle ba nako e telele hammoho le batho ba fetang 19 ba nang le lefu la asthma kapa mosi.
Pheko ea li-shingles
Sehlopha sa mathomo (li) tsa batho ba baholo : Batho ba hōlileng
E khothalletsoa e mong le e mong: E.
Nako ea tsamaiso ea pele: lilemo tse 65 (e monyenyane bakeng sa lihlopha tse kotsing haholo)
Palo ea tekanyetso: E 'ngoe
Nako: Monoana o le mong o fanoeng ka mor'a lilemo tse 65
Tsela ea tsamaiso: Injection
Tekano: Monna kapa mosali
Lintlha tse khethehileng: Kofu ea shingles e sireletsa khahlanong le li-shingles, tse lebisang ho boemo bo bohloko haholo bo bitsoang post-herpetic neuralgia. Haholo-holo, ente ea shingles e fokotsa menyetla ea ho ba le li-shingle ka karolo ea 51 lekholong le ka mor'a karolo ea 67 lekholong ea neuralgia.
Ka ma-shingles, bohloko bo etsahala sebakeng se le seng le lebelo (ke hore, haufi le dermatomes). Li-shingles li bakoa ke ho tsosoa ha kokoana-hloko e le 'ngoe joaloka pouhopo: varicella-zoster virus. Ha batho ba ntse ba hōla, monyetla oa ho ba le li-shingles o ntse o eketseha. Batho ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 40 ha ho mohla ba kileng ba e-ba le-neuralgia ka mor'a moo.
Kholera ea k'holera
Sehlopha sa mathomo (li) tsa batho ba baholo : Batho ba baholo
E khothalletsoa e mong le e mong: Che, ke batho feela ba eang libakeng tsa tropike libakeng tseo ho nang le k'holera ho tsona.
Nako ea tsamaiso ea pele: Pakeng tsa lilemo tse 18 le tse 64.
Palo ea tekanyetso: E 'ngoe
Nako: matsatsi a 10 pele leeto
Tsela ea tsamaiso: Ka molomo
Tekano: Monna kapa mosali
Lintlha tse khethehileng: Cholera ke boloetse bo bakoang ke libaktheria tsa Vibrio cholera . Cholera e baka letšollo la metsi le ka fokolang lipapali ho tloha bophelong bo bonolo ho ea bophelong. Ho tšoaetsoa ha kokoana-hloko ea k'holera ho fella ka letšollo, ho hlatsa le ho felloa ke metsi. Bakeng sa ba nang le tšoaetso, ho phekoloa ka potlako le lithibela-mafu le maroana a mangata. Kotlolo ea k'holera e ile ea amoheloa pele ke FDA ka 2016.
Vaccine ea Japane ea Encephalitis
Lihlopha tsa mathomo a mathomo: Bana, bana, bacha, batho ba baholo le batho ba hōlileng
E khothalletsoa e mong le e mong: Che, ke batho feela ba tsamaeang ho lula khoeling e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta libakeng tseo encephalitis ea Japane e hasaneng (ke hore, mahaeng a Asia).
Nako ea tsamaiso ea pele: likhoeli tse peli
Palo ea tekanyo: 2
Nako: Meriana e 'meli e qalile matsatsi a 28 ho fapana le tekanyo ea ho qetela e fana ka beke e le' ngoe pele leeto
Tsela ea tsamaiso: Injection
Tekano: Monna kapa mosali
Lintlha tse khethehileng: Batho ba bangata ba nang le tšoaetso ea enchephalitis ea Japane ha ba hlahise matšoao. Ha matšoao a tšoaetsanoa, tšoaetso e ka hlaha ho tloha bolibeng (ke hore, hlooho le feberu) ho ea boemong bo tebileng (ke hore, tšoaetso ea boko kapa encephalitis). Encephalitis ea Japane e jaloa ke menoang. Ho nahanoa hore tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko ea Japane ea encephalitis nakong ea bokhachane e ka lematsa lesea le e-s'o tsoaloe.
Boloetse ba Boloetse ba Khauta
Lihlopha tsa mathomo a mathomo: Bana, bana ba banyenyane, bacha, batho ba baholo le batho ba baholo
E khothalletsoa e mong le e mong: E, empa feela linaheng tse itseng.
Nako ea ho qala ho entoa: likhoeli tse 9
Palo ea tekanyo: 1
Nako: Monoana o le mong o fuoeng bana ba nang le lilemo tse 9 kapa ho feta
Tsela ea tsamaiso: Injection
Tekano: Monna kapa mosali
Lintlha tse khethehileng: Koetliso ea yellow fever (thibelo ea 17D) e khothalletsoa batho ba phelang libakeng tseo yellow fever e fumanoang kapa batho ba eang libakeng tse joalo. Yellow fever e fetisoa ke menoang Afrika e ka boroa ho Sahara le Amerika Boroa. Ho tšoaetsoa ke yellow fever ho ka baka feberu, mesifa ea mesifa, jaundice, le ho feta. (Ho bitsoa yellow fever hobane lefu la jaja le etsa hore mosehla oa letlalo, mahlo le li-membrane li be mosehla.) Palo e nyenyane ea batho ba nang le tšoaetso ea yellow fever e ba le matšoao a matla 'me ba shoa. Haeba u tsamaea, nka tlhokomelo 'me u fumane ente.
Boloetse ba Tlhaho
Sehlopha sa mathomo: Bana, bacha, batho ba baholo le batho ba hōlileng
E khothalletsoa e mong le e mong: Che, feela bakeng sa baeti ho ea linaheng moo typhoid e jalang (ke hore, Asia e sa sebelisetsoeng indasteri, Afrika, Latin America le Europe Bochabela).
Nako ea pele ea ente: lilemo tse peli bakeng sa ente; Lilemo tse 6 bakeng sa ente e entsoeng ka molomo
Palo ea tekanyetso: Ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa ente. Kotsi e fanoeng hang bonyane libeke tse peli pele e tsamaea le bo-boost ka lilemo tse peli bakeng sa ba setseng kotsing ea tšoaetso ea typhoid. Meriana ea moriana e fuoa makhetlo a mane ho feta ho matlafatsa lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse hlano bakeng sa ba setseng kotsing ea tšoaetso ea typhoid.
Koetliso ea nako ea motsoako: Capsule e nkoa letsatsi le leng le le leng ka beke, 'me tekanyo ea ho qetela e nka bonyane beke pele ho leeto
Tsela ea tsamaiso: Ka molomo (mokelikeli oa molomo oa li-typhoid); ente (thibelo ea typhoid e sa sebetsoeng)
Tekano: Monna kapa mosali
Lintlha tse khethehileng: Thibelo ea mohatsela e thusa ho thibela tšoaetso e bakiloeng ke baktheria e bitsoang Salmonella Typhi . Matšoao a tšoaetso ea typhoid e kenyeletsa feberu e matla, bofokoli, mokhathala, ho robala hlooho, ho lahleheloa ke takatso ea lijo, bohloko ba mpa, le ho fofa hangata.
Batho ba fumana typhoid ka ho ja lijo tse silafetseng le metsi. Ho tšoaetsoa ke ntho e sa tloaelehang United States, Canada, Europe Bophirimela le linaheng tse ling tse tsoetseng pele indastering. Tlhokomelo ea thibelo ea typhoid e thusa ha u tsamaea, empa hase karolo ea 100 lekholong e sireletsang khahlanong le tšoaetso; kahoo, tlhokomelo e lokela ho nkoa e le ho qoba lijo le metsi a silafetseng.
Liente tsa Rabies
Lihlopha tsa mathomo a mathomo: Ho itšetlehile ka lilemo tsa ho pepeseha.
E khothalletsoa e mong le e mong: Che, feela bakeng sa batho ba pepesehang ho rabies (hangata ka ho longoa ke liphoofolo tse hlaha) kapa bakeng sa batho ba kotsing e kholo ea ho pepeseha, joalo ka bakuli ba liphoofolo, basebetsi ba liphoofolo le basebetsi ba laboratori. Baeti ba ea libakeng tse ling tse ka thōko ho United States moo ho tloaelehileng ho e-ba le mafu a mabeli 'me ho ka etsahala hore ba pepese liphoofolo le bona ba lokela ho nahana ka ente.
Nako ea ho qala ho entoa: Ho itšetlehile ka lilemo tsa ho pepa.
Palo ea tekanyo: 4 bakeng sa ba pepenene 'me ha ho mohla ba kileng ba pepesoa pele. Taba ea bohlokoa, ba kotsing e kholo ba ka etsoa pele ho thibelo. Rabies Immune Globulin, thunya e 'ngoe, e tsamaisoa ka nako e le' ngoe le tekanyo ea pele ea thibelo ea rabies.
Nako (bakeng sa ho pepeseha ha nako ea pele):
- Ka pele ka potlako
- Letsatsi la boraro
- Letsatsi la bosupa
- Letsatsi la bone la bone
Tsela ea tsamaiso: Injection
Tekano: Monna kapa mosali
Lintlha tse ikhethileng : Rabies ke boloetse bo bongata ba kokoana-hloko. Ho ka nka libeke kapa likhoeli bakeng sa matšoao a lefuba, empa hang ha ba etsa joalo, hangata mafu a mabeli a lebisa liphellong tse mpe. Motho leha e le ofe ea nang le monyetla oa ho pepesa (hangata ka ho loma liphoofolo) o lokela ho entoa hang-hang.
Qalong, li-rabies li ka baka feberu, mokhathala, bohloko, hlooho le ho halefa. Matšoao ana a qalang a lateloa ke ho hlokomoloha, ho tsieleha, ho shoeloa ke lefu le ho shoa. Le hoja li-rabies li sa tloaeleha United States, li fumanoa hangata linaheng tse ling. Bats ke mohloli o tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa oa likokoana-hloko tse tšoaetsanoang United States. Batho ba Amerika ba 16 000 le ba 39 000 ba entoa selemo le selemo e le mokhoa oa ho itšireletsa.
> Mehloli:
> Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse. Tlhahiso ea 2017 Tlhahlobo ea Batho ba baholo: Ka Mehla.
> Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse. Litemiso tsa ho entoa: Kemiso ea Bana le Bacha.
> Parashar UD, Glass RI. Viral Gastroenteritis. Ka: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Melao ea Harrison ea Meriana ea ka Hare, 19e New York, NY: Hill ea McGraw; 2014.
> Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse. Litlaleho tsa tlhahisoleseding ea thibelo: Pneumococcal Polysaccharide VIS.
> Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo. Yellow fever.
> Zimmerman R, Middleton DB. Khaolo ea 7. Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho ba le bana. Ka: South-Paul JE, Matheny SC, Lewis EL. eds. Tlhaloso ea CURRENT & Phekolo ea Meriana ea Lelapa, 3e New York, NY: Hill ea McGraw; 2011.