Batho ba phelang le boloetse bo sa foleng ba pulmonary (COPD) ba atisa ho behoa bronchodilator , mofuta oa meriana e sebelisetsoang ho phomola litemana ho u thusa ho hema hantle. Hangata meriana e kenngoa molomong ka molomo oa inhaler (MDI) empa e boetse e fumaneha ka lipilisi, lipilisi, likokoana-hloko, kapa mekhoa ea suppository.
Lisebelisoa li ka sebelisoa ka mokhoa o hlokahalang kapa tse behiloeng ka makhetlo a mabeli letsatsi le leng le le leng ho thibela kapa ho fokotsa matšoao a COPD . Lihlopha tse tharo tsa bronchodilator tse atisang ho sebelisoa ho tšoara COPD ke:
- Beta-adrenergic agonists
- Anticholinergics
- Methylxanthines
Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
Beta-adrenergic agonists (eo hape e tsejoang e le beta-agonists) ke mofuta oa meriana e tlamang li-receptor tse itseng matšoafo a bitsoang beta-adrenoceptors. Ka ho etsa joalo, ba thibela sekheo sena hore se se ke sa e-ba le marang-rang le ho lumella litemana tsa sefofane hore li bulehe.
Beta-agonists e ka 'na ea e-ba e khutšoanyane (e tšoarellang lihora tse' nè ho isa ho tse tšeletseng) kapa nako e telele e sebetsang (e tšoarellang nako e 12 kapa ho feta). Li fanoa ka molomo kapa ka MDI. Mokhoa o kenyelletsitsoeng ka kakaretso o khethoa ha o fokotsa matšoao ka potlako.
Li -agonists tse khutšoanyane tsa beta (SABAs) tse amohelehang hona joale Amerika ke tsena:
- Albuterol
- Xopenex (levalbuterol)
- Metaproterenol
- Terbutaline
Li-agonists tsa nako e telele tse sebetsang (LABAs) tse amoheloang US ke tsena:
- Salmeterol
- Performomist (formoterol)
- Bambuterol
- Indacaterol
- Brovana (arformoterol)
Meriana ea Beta-agonist e boetse e sebelisoa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli e le e' ngoe e kang Symbicort e kopanyang formoterol le corticosteroid e tsitsitseng e tsejoang e le budesonide.
Litla-morao tsa lithethefatsi hangata li amana le li-dose 'me li atisa ho bonoa ka ho sebelisa molomo.
Ntho e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa e kenyelletsa lebelo la pelo le potlakileng (tachycardia), ho otlolla pelo, ho thothomela le ho sithabela ho robala.
Anticholinergics
Anticholinergics ke meriana e thibelang mofuta oa kankere ea mali e tsejoang e le acetylcholine. Matšoao a li-parasympathetic (a kopantsoeng le ts'ebetso e itekanetseng) ke mohloli o moholo oa acetylcholine matšoafong. Ka ho thibela tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsena, ho thibela liphahla le ho fokola ha lifofane ho emisoa ka katleho.
Anticholinergics e fumanoa feela ka foromo e khotsofalitsoeng mme e fana ka bronchodilation e ntle ka litla-morao tse fokolang. Anticholinergics e thusa haholo ba sa khone ho sebelisa beta-agonists kapa methylxanthines ka lebaka la lefu la pelo.
Li-anticholinergics tse amoheloang hona joale Amerika ke tsena:
- Atrovent (ipratropium)
- Spiriva (tiotropium)
- Aclidinium
Ho boetse ho na le tlhahiso e kopanetsoeng e kopanetsoeng e bitsoang Combivent e nang le ipratropium le short-acting beta-agonist albuterol.
Litla-morao tse tloaelehileng haholo tsa lithethefatsi tsa anticholinergic ke molomo o omileng le kamora 'metsoako ea tšepe. Maemong a sa tloaelehang, glaucoma e tsebahala hore e etsahala.
Methylxanthines
Methylxanthines ke sehlopha se ikhethang sa lithethefatsi tse tsejoang ho fokotsa tšitiso ea khase ea moea, ho fokotsa ho ruruha, le bohale ba bronchial contractions.
Mokhoa oa bona oa liketso ha o utloisisoe hantle, 'me, ha o ntse o atlehile, lithethefatsi ha li sebelisoe kalafo ea pele ka lebaka la litla-morao tsa bona.
Methylxanthine e nepahetse ka ho fetisisa ho batho ba sitoang ho fumana taolo e lekaneng le lithethefatsi tsa beta-agonist kapa anticholinergic. Ho fapana le mefuta e meng ea li-bronchodilator tsa COPD, methylxanthines ha e kenoe. Hona joale li fumaneha ka lipilisi, li-liquid, intravenous, kapa suppository formulations.
Lithethefatsi tse peli tsa methylxanthine tse amoheloang Amerika ke tsena:
- Theophylline
- Aminophylline
Litla-morao li ka 'na tsa e-ba tse tebileng, haholo-holo haeba li hlahisoa ka hare ho tsona.
Matšoao a ka 'na a kenyelletsa hlooho ea hlooho, ho robala, ho nyeheloa ke pelo, letšollo, ho phomola, ho hema ka potlako le ho otlolla bohloko. Bitsa ngaka hang-hang haeba u utloa ho hlatsa, ho otla ha pelo ( dysrhythmia ), kapa ho oa ha motho.
> Mohloli:
> Vestbo, J .; Ho utloisa bohloko, S .; Agusti, A. le al. "Leano la lefats'e la ho hlahlojoa, ho laola le ho thibela maloetse a sa foleng a ho folisa lefu: Grief summary of GOLD." Mohlomphehi oa J J Crit Care Med. 2013; 187 (4): 347-65. NA: 10.1164 / rccm.210204-0596PP.