Litšoantšo tsa mapolanka lilemong tse 12 000 tse fetileng li boleloa hore li bontša bopaki ba pele ba tšebeliso ea likhohlopo. Khohlopo ea khale ka ho fetisisa e fumanoeng e fihlile ka 1642. Kahoo, ho bolokehile ho bolela hore likhohlopo li 'nile tsa e-ba teng ka nako e telele. Ka bomalimabe, litšōmo tsa likhohlopo li 'nile tsa e-ba teng ka nako e telele. Mehopolo ea hore u se ke ua apara likhohlopo le litšōmo tse mabapi le tšebeliso ea likhohlopo thibela batho ba bangata ho sebelisa mokhoa ona oa bohlokoa oa thibelo ea bokhachane .
Ho ea ka Bill Smith, Motsamaisi-Motsamaisi oa National Coalition of STD Directors,
"Thuto ea tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea khohlopo, hammoho le tšebeliso e eketsehileng, ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa ho fokotsa liphoso tsa khohlopo le ho eketsa katleho ea tsona. Empa re ntse re e-na le mosebetsi o moholo ka pel'a rona. Ho tiisa sechaba se nang le bophelo bo botle ba botona le botšehali, re lokela ho matlafatsa batho ka lintlha tseo ba li hlokang ho etsa liqeto tse bohlale ho itšireletsa le balekane ba bona. "
Kahoo, u tseba tsebo ea likhohlopo joang? Mona lethathamo la lithuto tsa likhohlopo tse tloaelehileng hammoho le 'nete ka thibelo ena ea thibelo ea bokhachane.
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Khopolo-taba ea likhohlopo: Likhohlopo li atisa ho ba le likopi kapa litšenyehelo tse ling tsa ho etsa lihlahisoa'NETE: Likhohlopo li nkoa e le lihlopha tsa bongaka tsa bongaka ba bobeli. Sena se bolela hore ho etsa likhohlopo ho laoloa ka thata, kahoo likhohlopo li tlameha ho finyella litekanyetso tsa indasteri ea FDA le FDA e tsejoang. Lihlahisoa tsa likhohlopo tsa Amerika le tsa linaha tse ling li lekoa ka lisebelisoa tsa elektronike li lekoa ka likhohlopo tsohle bakeng sa likoti le mefokolo e meng Ba boetse ba etsa liteko tse eketsehileng ka likhohlopo tse sa tloaelehang tse tsoang ho sehlopha ka seng (hangata se amanang le tlhahlobo ea metsi e phophollang ho fumana likoti le tlhahlobo e phatlohileng ea moea ho hlahloba matla a khohlopo). FDA e hlahloba mekhoa ea ho etsa likhohlopo ka nako le nako le ho itlhahloba ho etsa bonnete ba hore boleng ba likhohlopo.
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Khopolo-taba ea likhohlopo: Likhohlopo li se ke tsa sireletsa khahlanong le mafu a likobo joaloka Chlamydia le Gonorrhea'NETE: mafu a likobo joaloka chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis le trichomonasis li fetisoa ka ho patela litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. Likhohlopo li fana ka tšireletso e babatsehang khahlanong le maloetse ana hobane e sebetsa e le thibelo, e thibela liphiri tse bakang mafu ana a likobo. Lipatlisiso tse entsoeng ho hlahloba lithuto tsa tšebeliso ea likhohlopo li tšehetsa polelo ena:
- Likhohlopo li bontšitsoe hore lia atleha ho thibela chlamydia, gonorrhea le trichomoniasis; ha ho bapisoa le basali ba sa sebeliseng likhohlopo, basali ba sebelisang likhohlopo kamehla ba bontšitse ho fokotseha ha 62% kotsing ea ho tšoaroa ke lefu la gonorrhea le ho fokotsa 26% kotsing ea ho fumana chlamydia.
- Tšebeliso e tsitsitseng le e nepahetseng ea likhohlopo tsa latex kapa likhohlopo tsa basali li amahanngoa le ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha li-gonorrhea, chlamydia le syphilis ho basali ba nkoang ba le kotsing ea ho tšoaetsoa mafu a likobo.
- Tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso tse 45 tsa ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa ho sebelisa likhohlopo le lefu la gonorrhea le / kapa tšoaetso ea chlamydia li senoletse hore ho sebelisa likhohlopo ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho tšoaroa ke maloetse ana ka bobeli ho banna le basali.
Ho lumeloa hore katleho ea likhohlopo ho sireletsa khahlanong le mafu a likobo ha e le hantle e nkeloa fatše ka lebaka la mefokolo tseleng ea ho etsa lipatlisiso tabeng ena.
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Khopolo-taba ea likhohlopo: Ho sebelisa likhohlopo tse peli ho fana ka ts'ireletso e ntle ho feta e le 'ngoe feela'NETE: Le hoja ho ka' na ha bonahala eka ke ntho e utloahalang, likhohlopo "habeli" li sa tšoane le tšireletso. Ha e le hantle, tloaelo ena e ka etsa hore likhohlopo li se ke tsa atleha. Ha likhohlopo tse peli li sebelisoa hammoho, ho ferekana ho ka ba teng pakeng tsa bona; sena se etsa hore ho be le monyetla o mong oa hore likhohlopo li ka senya. Hase feela hore o lokela ho sebelisa khohlopo e le 'ngoe feela, empa khohlopo ea banna ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa le khohlopo ea basali (ka mabaka a tšoanang).
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Khopolo-taba ea likhohlopo: Likhohlopo tsa lateate ke tsona feela likhohlopo tse atlehang'NETE: Tšōmo ena e thata haholo ha e itšetlehile ka hore na u hlalosa joang hore e sebetsa hantle. Ho na le mefuta e mene ea likhohlopo tsa banna: latex, polyurethane , polyisoprene , le tlhaho ea lambskin . FDA e amohetse likhohlopo tsa latex, polyurethane, le polyisoprene hore li atlehe ho thibela bokhachane le ho sireletsa khahlanong le mafu a likobo. Litekong tsa liteko, likhohlopo tsa polyurethane li bontšitsoe hore e le lithibelo tse atlehang khahlanong le peō le mafu a likobo joaloka likhohlopo tsa latex. Empa, ho na le ho ameha ka hore ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa "tšebeliso", li-condoms tsa polyurethane li ka 'na tsa se ke tsa fana ka katleho e lekanang le likhohlopo tsa latex. Lebaka ke hobane likhohlopo tsa polyurethane ha li tšoane le ho loka le ho lokoloha ho feta likhohlopo tsa latex, ka hona likhohlopo tsena li ka 'na tsa e-ba monyetla oa ho khaola kapa ho khaotsa ho kopanela liphate nakong ea thobalano. Lipatlisiso li bontša hore ha li bapisoa le likhohlopo tsa latex, likhohlopo tsa polyurethane ke makhetlo a mararo a fetang a mabeli a ho senya nakong ea thobalano.
Li-condom li na le li-pores tse nyane. Likokoana-hloko li le nyane haholo hore semela se fokotsehe, kahoo likhohlopo tsena li atleha ho thibela bokhachane; Leha ho le joalo, libaktheria / likokoana-hloko tse bakang mafu a likobo li ka fetela ho tsona. Kahoo, likhohlopo tsa likonyana ha li fane ka tšireletso khahlanong le mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano.
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Khopolo-taba ea likhohlopo: Boholo ba likhohlopo ha bo na taba'NETE: Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho sebelisa likhohlopo, boholo bo etsa phapang. Kaha boholo ba pona bo ka fapana, ho sebelisa khohlopo ea boholo e nepahetseng ke ea bohlokoa. E le hore o atlehe haholo, khohlopo e lokela ho lumellana hantle. Ho se sebetse ha likhohlopo ho ka etsahala haeba u sebelisa khohlopo e sa fosahetseng - likhohlopo tse nyenyane haholo / tse thata li ka 'na tsa e-ba monyetla oa ho senya empa likhohlopo tse kholo / tse hlephileng li ka' na tsa e-ba monyetla oa hore li khaotse.
- Na Matla a Litlama a Hlile a Ameha?
- Mokhoa oa ho lekanyetsa boholo ba litekanyetso
- Chate ea Tekomoro
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Khopolo-taba ea likhohlopo: Likompo li ka fana ka Tšireletso e 'ngoe khahlanong le mafu a likobo, empa ha se HIV'NETE: Liphuputso tse ts'oanang le tse bontšang hore likhohlopo li fana ka thibelo e sebetsang khahlanong le HIV, kokoana-hloko e bakang AIDS. Ho atleha ha likhohlopo tsa latex ho thibela phetiso ea HIV ho thehiloe saense lipatlisisong tsa laboratori esita le lithutong tsa bophelo ba batho ba kopanelang liphate. Ho fumanoe hore har'a banyalani ba bong bo fapaneng bao molekane a le mong a nang le tšoaetso ea HIV, tšebeliso ea likhohlopo e tsitsitseng e fokotsa kotsi ea tšoaetso ea HIV ho banna ho ea ho basali le ho basali ho ea ho banna. Tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso tsa phuputso ea phepo ea khohlopo e fumanoeng hore ha e bapisoa le ha ho sebelisoa khohlopo, tšebeliso ea likhohlopo e ka tšeptjoang e fokotsa kotsi ea phetiso ea HIV ka 80-87%.
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Khopolo-taba ea likhohlopo: Likompo li ka baka Moferefere ho feta Molemo'NETE: Joaloka ka qeto efe kapa efe ea thibelo ea bokhachane , kamehla ke habohlokoa ho hlahloba melemo ea mokhoa oa thibelo ea bokhachane khahlanong le likotsi tsa eona. Ka kakaretso, likhohlopo ha lia lokela ho etsa hore u ntše kotsi kapa u ame bophelo ba hau hampe. Tšōmo ena e bua haholo ho batho ba ka 'nang ba e-na le mathata a itseng a bophelo bo botle le metsoako ea li-condom kapa lebone la khohlopo. Likhohlopo tsa Latex li ka 'na tsa se ke tsa e-ba khetho e ntle ka ho fetisisa haeba u na le morao-rao. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, tse ling tsa thepa ea lisebelisoa tsa likhohlopo (tse kang parabens, glycerin, kapa spermicide ) li bontšitsoe hore li baka mathata a itseng a bophelo bo botle ho batho ba bang. Haeba u ela hloko lisebelisoa tsena, u ka 'na ua tlameha ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa hau ho fumana hore na li sebelisoa mofuteng oa hau oa khohlopo.
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Khopolo-taba ea likhohlopo: Likhohlopo ha li atlehe ho thibela bokhachane'NETE: Ha o sebelisoa hantle le nako le nako ha o kopanela liphate, likhohlopo ke 98% tse sebetsang. Sena se bolela hore basali ba babeli ho ba bang le ba bang ba nang le kamano e nepahetseng le likhohlopo ba tla ima nakong ea selemo sa pele sa tšebeliso ea likhohlopo. Ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa tšebeliso ea likhohlopo, likhohlopo ke tse 85% tse sebetsang hantle (kahoo basali ba 15 ho ba lekholo bao balekane ba bona ba nepahetseng ba sebelisang likhohlopo ba tla ima nakong ea selemo sa pele).
Linomoro tsena li ka 'na tsa etsa hore u lumele hore likhohlopo ha li atlehe haholo. Leha ho le joalo, hopola hore ntle le khohlopo e senya kapa meokho, tšebeliso e tloaelehileng e kenyeletsa liphoso tse tloaelehileng tsa khohlopo. Tsena li kenyelletsa:
- Ho se sebelise khohlopo nako le nako ha o kopanela liphate.
- Ha se sebelise khohlopo ka tsela e nepahetseng (ho e beha hampe / ka ntle, eseng ho apara khohlopo nako eohle - e beha nako e khutšoanyane haholo / e tlose ho e-s'o ee kae, eseng ho apara khohlopo e kholo ea khohlopo).
- Ho sebelisa likhohlopo tse felileng.
- Ho bula sephutheloana sa likhohlopo ka ntho e bohale kapa ho kenya khohlopo ka likhola kapa mabenyane.
- Ho sebelisa likhohlopo tse neng li sa bolokehe hantle .
- Ha se sebelise lubricant e thehiloeng metsing kapa ea silicone .
- Ho sebelisa likhohlopo.
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Khopolo-taba ea likhohlopo: Likhohlopo ha li fana ka tšireletso khahlanong le letlalo la ho kopanela liphate ho ea ho letlalo ho ea ho letlalo'NETE: Likobo tsa mafu a likobo joaloka herpes, papillomavirus ea motho (HPV) le li-warts tsa thobalano li hasana ka ho kopana le letlalo le letlalo. Likhohlopo li bontšitsoe ho sireletsa khahlanong le tšoaetso ena haeba khohlopo e koahela letlalo le nang le tšoaetso .
Herpes / HSV-2
- Lipatlisisong tsa lipatlisiso tsa banyalani moo motho a le mong a tšoaelitsoeng ke kokoana-hloko ea herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2), tšebeliso ea likhohlopo e sebelisoa banna le basali ba sirelelitsoeng khahlanong le tšoaetso e ncha ea HSV-2.
- Bopaki bo ntseng bo eketseha bo bontša hore likhohlopo li fana ka tšireletso e itekanetseng khahlanong le HSV-2. Lintlha li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho na le keketseho ea 3.6 lekholong ea likamano tsa ho kopanela liphate (HSV-2) le liketso tse sa thibeloeng tsa thobalano, keketseho ea 2.7% ea mathata a ho tšoasa herpes ha li-condom li ne li sebelisoa ka linako tse ling, 'me ha ho keketseho ea kotsi ea herpes ha likhohlopo li ne li lula li kopanela liphate.
HPV
- Liphuputso li boetse li bontša hore tšebeliso ea likhohlopo e amahanngoa le ho folisa ka potlako ea likhohlopo tsa malapa le likokoana-hloko tse amanang le HPV hammoho le nako e khutšoanyane ea tšoaetso ea HPV ho basali.
- Lipatlisiso li boetse li senola hore menyetla ea basali ea ho fumana HPV e fokotsa haholo ha nako e ngata ea khohlopo e ntse e eketseha. Ha ho bapisoa le basali bao balekane ba bona ba sebelisitseng likhohlopo ka tlase ho 5% ea likamano tsa botona le botšehali, basali bao balekane ba bona ba sebelisang likhohlopo bonyane halofo ea nako ba ne ba e-na le kotsing e ka tlase ea 50% ea tšoaetso ea HPV, le basali bao balekane ba bona ba sebelisitseng likhohlopo 100% kotsi e ka tlaase ho 70%.
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Khopolo-taba ea likhohlopo: Likhohlopo ha lia phutholoha ebile li thata ho li sebelisa'NETE: Likhohlopo tse ngata li na le lintho tse ling tse ngata (joaloka ho futhumala ha mofuthu / mahlaseli a marang-rang / mapolanka) a ka etsang hore thobalano e be monate ho banna le basali. Haeba khohlopo e sa phutholoha hobane e thata haholo, ho na le boholo le mefuta e fapaneng ea likhohlopo tse ka fanang ka boemo bo molemo le bo botle haholoanyane. Joalo ka mekhoa efe kapa efe e mecha, qalong, ho ka 'na ha hlokahala hore u ikoetlise ho beha khohlopo hantle .
Hangata, karolo ea bohlokoa haholo ke ho tseba tsela ea ho kenya khohlopo. Molao o motle oa lesela ke hore khohlopo e lokela ho tsoela pele e tšoana le sekoti (eseng sekoahelo sa metsi); u lokela ho khona ho e beha fatše - u se ke ua tlameha ho khomarela menoana ea hau ka hare ho eona. Leha ho le joalo, ka mokhoa o fokolang, likhohlopo li bonolo haholo ho li sebelisa, 'me banyalani ba ka kenyelletsa litsela tse ntle tsa ho beha khohlopo lipapaling tsa bona tsa thobalano. Ho na le likhohlopo tse etselitsoeng ho netefatsa hore u li beha ka tsela e nepahetseng (joaloka likhohlopo tsa Sensis ).
- Mokhoa oa ho beha likhohlopo ka molomo oa hau
> Mehloli:
> Holmes KK, Levine R, Weaver M. "Katleho ea likhohlopo ho thibela mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano." Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 454-461.
> "Likhohlopo tsa Nonlatex le Latex: Liphetoho." Tlaleho ea tlhekefetso (Tlhaloso ea Bokhachane) 2003 September; 14 (2): 10-13.
> Sanchez J, Campos PE, Courtois B, Gutierrez L, Carrillo C, Alarcon J, Gotuzzo E, Hughes J, Watts D, Hillier SL, Buchanan K, Holmes KK. "Thibelo ea mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka ho kopanela liphate (mafu a likobo) ho basebeletsi ba basali ba likobo: Tlhahlobo ea khondomo le ho matlafatsa litšebeletso tsa mafu a likobo." Sex Transm ka 2003 April; 30 (4): 273-279. E fumaneha ka ho ngolisa sephiring.
> Stanaway JD, Wald A, Martin ET, Gottlieb SL, Magaret AS. "Tlhahlobo ea crossover ea ketsahalo ea tšebeliso ea likhohlopo le herpes simplex kokoana-hloko ea 2 e fumanoang." Ho kopanela liphate ka 2012 May; 39 (5): 388-393.
> Warner L, Stone KM, Macaluso M, Buehler JW, Austin HD. "Tšebeliso ea likhohlopo le kotsi ea gonorrhea le chlamydia: Tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng ea libopeho le litekanyo tse hlahlojoang liphuputsong tsa lefu la seoa." Sex Transm Dis 2006; 33: 36-51. E fumaneha ka ho ngolisa sephiring.
> Weller SC, Davis-Beaty K. "Ho sebetsana le likhohlopo ho fokotsa tšoaetso ea HIV ka bong bo fapaneng." Database ea Cochrane ea Boitsebiso bo Tsitsitseng 2002, Khatiso ea 1. Art. Che: CD003255.
> Winner RL, Hughes JP, Feng Q, O'Reilly S, Kiviat NB, Holmes KK, Koutsky LA. "Tšebeliso ea likhohlopo le kotsi ea tšoaetso ea lefu la papillomavirus ho basali ba bacha." New England Journal of Medicine, 2006, 354 (25): 2645-2654.