Rabies hase taba ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba hore e kile ea e-ba teng, empa e tsoela pele ho laela tlhompho ka lebaka la liphello tsa eona tse tebileng. Lefu la kokoana-hloko le fetisetsoa hoo e batlang e le ho longoa ha liphoofolo 'me, haeba le sa laoloe, le ka baka matšoao a tebileng a methapo ea meriana e akarelletsang feberu, hlooho, salivation e feteletseng, mesifa ea mesifa, ho shoele litho, le ho ferekanngoa kelellong.
Li-rabi li ka thibeloa ka e 'ngoe ea liente tse peli tse amoheloang ke FDA. Letoto la li-shots, le qalileng hang ka mor'a ho loma, le ka thusa batho ba sa tsitsang hore ba qobe lefu lena. Ka bomalimabe, hang ha matšoao a hlaha, lefu lena hangata le bolaea.
Ho ea ka lipalo-palo tse tsoang ho Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ho na le linyeoe tse 23 feela tsa li-rabies tsa batho tse tlalehiloeng US ho tloha ka 2008 ho ea ho 2017.
Matšoao
Nakong ea mekhoa ea pele ea tšoaetso, ho ka 'na ha e-ba le matšoao a fokolang, haeba ho le joalo, matšoao haese feberu kapa hlooho. Nako pakeng tsa ho pepeseha le matšoao a lefu, tse tsejoang e le nako ea ho tsubella, e ka sebetsa ho tloha matsatsing a 20 ho isa ho a 90 ka karolelano.
Ha tšoaetso e ntse e tsoela pele 'me e lebisa bokong, matšoao a encephalitis (ho ruruha ha boko) le meningitis (ho ruruha ha lisele tse potolohileng boko le mokokotlo oa mokokotlo) ho tla hlahisa. Nakong ena ea lefu lena, motho a ka qala ho ba le matšoao a tsoelang pele le a tloaelehileng haholo a 'mele le a methapo ea pelo, ho akarelletsa le
- Ho lahleheloa ke takatso ea lijo
- Nosea le ho hlatsa
- Ho ba le kutloisiso ho khanyetsa
- Ho salivation e feteletseng
- Ho tšoenyeha le ho tsieleha
- Paranoia
- Boitšoaro bo sa tloaelehang (ho akarelletsa le ho ba mabifi le ho tšosoa)
- Hallucinations
- Hydrophobia (ho hloka molato ka ho se khone ho thibela kapa ho bontša tšabo ha e hlahisitsoe ka metsi a nooang)
- Ho khaotsa
- Ho holofala ho itseng
Ho tloha moo, lefu lena le ka tsoelapele ka potlako, le lebisa ho ho etsa lijo tse ling, ho hlahisa maikutlo le lefu ka matsatsi a supileng ho isa ho a leshome. Hang ha matšoao a prodromal a bonahala, phekolo ha e mohla e sebetsang.
Ka sebele lefu lena le ne le bitsoa hydrophobia (tšabo ea metsi) ka lebaka la lebitso la lebitsoake.
Lisosa
Li-rabi li bakoa ke sehlopha sa likokoana-hloko se tsejoang e le lyssavirus , eo ho eona ho nang le mefuta e 14 e khetholloang ke liphoofolo. Lefu lena ka boeona le ka fumanoa holimo haholo ka masapo le lisele tsa methapo ea phoofolo e nang le tšoaetso kapa motho. Ho longoa ke liphoofolo ke mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa phetisetso, le hoja tšoaetso e ka boela ea fetisoa ka ho sebetsana le liphoofolo tse shoeleng. Phetoho pakeng tsa batho ke ntho e sa tloaelehang haholo.
Hang ha motho a longoa, a qhibilihisoa, kapa a pepesitsoe ho metsi a nang le tšoaetso ea 'mele (ebang ke ka mahlo, nko, molomo, kapa letlalo le pshatlehileng), kokoana-hloko e tla tsamaea ka methapo ea tsamaiso ea bohareng ea mokokotlo le boko ba' mele.
United States, ho loma ke mokhoa o tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa oa phetisetso ea liphoofolo ho ea ho batho, e lateloa ke litsomi ho lintja tse bohale. Liphoofolo tse ling tsa Amerika Leboea tse tloaelehileng tse nang le tšoaetso li akarelletsa li-raccoons, li-skunks, liphokojoe, likhomo, li-coyotes le likatse tse ruuoang lapeng.
Lipuo tse nang le litekanyetso tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa likokoanyana tsa liphoofolo ke Texas, Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, Maryland, New Jersey, Georgia le California.
Tsejoa
Ho fihlela joale, ha ho na liteko tse fumanehang bakeng sa ho hlahloba li-rabies tsa batho pele ho qala matšoao. Ha ho joalo, phekolo e tla qaloa ka boiketlo haeba motho a longoe ke phoofolo e hlaha kapa phoofolo leha e le efe e belaelloang ea ho ba le lefu la rabies. Ka lebaka la tšoaetso ea lefu la rabies, ho hang ha ho na lebaka la ho leta.
Seo ho buuoang ka sona, haeba phoofolo eo ho belaelloang hore e shoele, liteko li ka etsoa ho tiisa tšoaetso ka ho nka lisele tsa lisele tsa bokong. Haeba ho na le phoofolo ea matšoao, ho laola liphoofolo ho tla e beha fatše e le hore lisele tsa boko li ka etsoa bakeng sa teko.
Phekolo
Nako ke ea bohlokoa haholo haeba ho lebeletsoe hore motho a be le lefu la likokoana-hloko.
Kalafo e kenyelletsa likhechana tse 'nè tsa ente ea li-rabies le thunya e le' ngoe ea moriana o bitsoang rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG). HRIG e na le li-antibodies tsa 'mele tse sebetsang hang-hang tse sa sebeliseng le ho laola mafu a li-rabies ho fihlela thibela e ka qala ho sebetsa.
HRIG e fanoa feela ho batho ba e-s'o ka ba etsoa nakong e fetileng bakeng sa likokoana-hloko. E kenngoa ka ho toba ka leqeba. Ntho leha e le efe e setseng e ka kenngoa ka mesifa e hōle le moo ho fanoang teng. (Injecting HRIG haufi haholo le sebaka sa ho thibela tšoaetso e ka kena-kenana le karabo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung.)
Ho na le litokisetso tse peli tsa HRIG tse amohelehang ka morero ona:
- Imogam Rabies-HT (batho ba rabies immune globulin)
- HyperRab TM S / D (li-rabies tsa motho immune globulin)
Kalafo e lokela ho qala ka potlako 'me pele ho matsatsi a 10 kamora ho pepeseha. Palo ea pele ea HRIG le thibelo ea rabies e fuoa hang-hang; Liente tse ling tse tharo tsa ente li fanoa ka matsatsi a mararo, a supileng le a 14 hamorao.
Litla-morao li atisa ho ba bonolo ebile li ka kenyelletsa bohloko ba majoe a sebaka le feberu e bonolo.
Thibelo
Ho na le liente tse peli tsa rabies tse lumelletsoeng ho sebelisoa United States, tseo ka bobeli li entsoeng ka kokoana-hloko e sa sebetseng e ke keng ea baka tšoaetso:
- Imovax (ente ea motho ea diploid cell)
- RabAvert (ente e entsoeng ka sele e entsoeng ka khoho ea embryo)
Ka bobeli li hlahisoa ka ente e le mesifa ea letsoho le ka holimo ka meriana e meraro. Ka mor'a ho thunngoa ka lekhetlo la pele, la bobeli le fuoa matsatsi a supileng hamorao, 'me la boraro le fuoa matsatsi a 14 ho isa ho a 21 ka mor'a moo.
Le hoja litla-morao li atisa ho ba bonolo (ho kenyeletsa ho hlajoa ke mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo), batho ba bang ba tsejoa hore ba na le tšoaetso e matla le e ka bolaeang e bitsoang anaphylaxis. Ke ka lebaka lena RabAvert e lokelang ho qojoa ho batho ba nang le mahe a tsebahalang 'me ba nkeloa sebaka ke Imovax.
Ka kakaretso, lihlopha tsa thibelo ea mafu a rabies li u fa lilemo tse leshome tsa tšireletso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Bakeng sa ba kotsing e kholo ea ho hlaseloa ke mafu a mabeli, li-shoster li ka fuoa likhoeli tse ling le tse ling tse tšeletseng ho ea ho lilemo tse peli, ha ho hlokahala. Batho ba kotsing e kholo ba kenyeletsa:
- Ba tloaelang ho tloaelana le liphoofolo tse hlaha libakeng tseo ho tsejoang hore li-rabies li ipeha kotsing (ho akarelletsa le balaoli ba liphoofolo tsa liphoofolo, bahlokomeli ba liphoofolo, ba sebetsang liphoofolo le ba-cave spelunkers)
- Baeti ba machaba ba ka 'nang ba kopana le liphoofolo likarolong tse ling tsa lefats'e moo ho e-na le li-rabies
Lentsoe le Tsoang ho
Katleho eo ba boholong lefapheng la bophelo bo botle ba sechaba ba nang le eona ho laola likokoana-hloko United States ha e felle ka katleho ho thibelo ea mafu ea liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng. Mmuso o mong le o mong o na le melao ea ho thibela mafu a rabies ntle le Kansas, Missouri le Ohio. Seo se re, har'a ba etsang joalo, melao e ka fapana ka nako ea thibelo ea thibelo, tlhokahalo ea li-booster shots, le hore na lintja li li hloka empa likatse ha li li etse.
Ho sa tsotellehe hore na melao ea naha ea hau e re'ng, ke habohlokoa ho sireletsa phoofolo ea hau ea liphoofolo le ho latela litulo tsa thibelo ea mafu a rabies e fanoang ke American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA).
Ho finyella sena, lintja tsohle, likatse le ferrets li lokela ho fanoa ka tekanyo e le 'ngoe ea ente ea rabies ha ho pejana ho likhoeli tse tharo, e lateloa ke booster e thunngoang selemo hamorao,' me lichelete tse eketsehileng tsa booster li fanoa ka mor'a lilemo tse tharo ka mor'a moo.
Ka ho sireletsa phoofolo ea hau ea liphoofolo, u tla boela u sireletse lelapa la hau le sechaba sa heno.
> Mehloli:
> Mokhatlo oa American Animal Hospital (AAHA). Liente tsa Thibelo. Lakewood, Colorado; e hlahisitse 2017.
> Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse (CDC). Rabies ea Batho. Atlanta, Georgia; e ntlafalitsoeng ka la 23 August, 2017.
> CDC. Rabies Wound Care - Human Rabies Immune Globulin. E hlalositsoe ka la 23 March, 2016.
> Khaled, M .; Qasim, M .; Zia, S. le al. Rabies molecular virology, ho hlahlojoa, thibelo le kalafo. Virol J. 2012; 9: 50. NA 10.1186 / 1743-422X-9-50.