Seo ba leng sona le kamoo ba amehang kateng maloetseng
E ka 'na eaba u utloile ka li-receptor tsa NMDA ha u ntse u ithuta ka lefu kapa meriana, empa na u utloisisa hore na ke eng le hore na ke hobane'ng ha e le tsa bohlokoa?
Ntlha ea pele, e thusa ho utloisisa seo re se bolelang ka mokamoli. Boko ba hao, u na le sehlopha sa lisele tse bitsoang neurons. Tsena ke lisele tse romellang le ho amohela mehopolo ea motlakase e laolang 'mele oa hau.
Li-neurone li khethehile-e mong le e mong o sebetsana feela le mefuta e itseng ea tlhahisoleseding. Kahoo, ka mohlala, neuron e 'ngoe e ka fetisetsa tlhahisoleseding ka bohloko le mocheso empa ha e amane le maikutlo a bona kapa ho ithuta tlhahisoleseding e ncha.
Lik'hemik'hale tse tsamaisang boitsebiso bo tsoang ho neuron to neuron li bitsoa neurotransmitters. Tse ling tsa tse tsebahalang haholo li kenyeletsa serotonin le dopamine. Li-neurotransmitters li iketsetsa mefuta e meng ea tlhahisoleseding, hape. Ka mohlala, serotonin e ameha nakong ea boroko, ha dopamine e sebetsana le ho tsamaea le ho tsuba.
Bakeng sa methapo ea methapo ea ho fetisetsa lipontšo ka har'a monoana, e tlameha ho qala "ho e bulela". Ke hona moo li-receptors li kenang. Ak'u nahane ka lintho tse amohelehang joaloka sekepe se tsamaeang kapa likepe tsa khomphuteng ea hau. Hase sekepeng se seng le se seng se lumellanang le sepakapaka se seng le se seng, mme ha ho lisebelisoa tsohle tse lumellanang le marang-rang. Li-neurotransmitters li na le linotlolo tse koalelang lits'ebetso tsa li-receptor tsa neuron, 'me e lumella tlhahisoleseding hore e phalle ka methapo ea hau.
Seo baemeli ba NMDA ba se etsang
NMDA e emela N -methyl-D-aspartate, e hlalosang lik'hemik'hale tsa li-receiptors. Li-receptors tsa NMDA li kenngoa mekhoeng e mengata ea bohlokoa bokong ba hau. Ba boetse ba lumeloa hore ba ameha maloetse a mangata a amanang le boko, 'me ke tsona sepheo sa lithethefatsi tse itseng tsa ngaka.
Li-receptors tsa NMDA ke karolo e boima ea seo ho thoeng ke "neuroplasticity", eo ha e le hantle e bolelang hore na boko ba rona bo ka senyeha hakae ebile bo feto-fetoha-ba khona joang ho ithuta tlhahisoleseding e ncha, e bolelang ho etsa litsela tse ncha pakeng tsa li-neurons. Ntle le ho ithuta lintho tse ncha, polasetiki e lumella boko ba hao ho theha litsela tse ncha ha batho ba tsofetseng ba timetsoa, joalo ka kotsi kapa mafu.
Ha re ntse re hōla, baemeli ba rona ba NMDA ka tlhaho ba sebetsa hantle. Lipatlisiso li bontša hore ho theoha mosebetsing ke karolo ea ho theoha ha lilemong tsa lilemo tsa polasetiki, e leng se bakang ho senyeha ha mohopolo le matla a fokolang a ho ithuta.
Li-receptor tsa NMDA le tsona ke tse ling tsa li-receptors tse seng kae tse sebetsang ka lipilisi tsa opiate / opioid tsebong tsa rona.
Baemeli ba NMDA le ba-Neurotransmitters
Li-receptors tsa NMDA li ka buleloa (ha li koaletsoe) ka ho tlama ka liphallelo tsa li-neurotransmitters, tse kenyeletsang:
- Glutamate
- Aspartate
- Glycine
- D-serine
Batho ba amohelang NMDA ba sebetsa le bana ba li-neurotransmitters ho tsosolosa mosebetsi likarolong tsa boko ba hau tse u thusang ho ithuta lintlha tse ncha le lintlha tsa khopotso. Li susumetsa le ho "thabisa" li-neurons. Eo ke ntho e ntle, empa ho fihlela feela.
Haeba li-neurons li lula sebakeng se thabisang ka nako e telele haholo, li ka fetoloa holimo 'me li qala ho sebetsa hampe.
Qetellong, ba elelloa hore ba shoa.
Mofuta ona oa ho feteletsa maikutlo o bitsoa "excitotoxicity." Glutamate le aspartate, ka ho feta, li aroloa ka bobeli e le li-excitotoxins. Ho boloka excitotoxicity ho bolaea lisele tsa rona tsa boko, re boetse re na le li-neurotransmitters tse khutsitseng li-neurons. Ba bitsoa inhibitors.
Glycine, e 'ngoe ea lik'hemik'hale tsa boko e kopanang le li-receptor tsa NMDA, ke thibelo ea mokokotlo, empa ho lumeloa hore e ntle ho bokong.
Ha boko ba rona bo phetse hantle 'me bo sebetsa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng, hangata li-neurotransmitters tse nang le mekhoa e metle le e thibelang ho boloka lintho li leka-lekane kahoo li-neurons tsa rona ha li kotsing ea ho fetela holimo.
Leha ho le joalo, ha lintho li sa sebetse ka mokhoa o nepahetseng - ke hore, mokelikeli ha o sebetse hantle kapa methapo ea neurotransmitter ha e lekane-joale re ka 'na ra qala ho lahleheloa ke methapo ea excitotoxicity.
'Mele ea rona e ke ke ea etsa li-neurone tse ncha, kahoo ha li e-shoa, re lahlehetsoe ke likarolo tse sa khoneheng tsa boko ba rona. Kahoo, ha ho makatse hore ebe mathata a NMDA a fumanoang ke li-receptor a kenngoa maemong a sa tšoaneng a tsamaiso ea methapo, ho akarelletsa le tse ngata tse nang le methapo ea kutlo.
Maloetse a amana le NMDA Receptor Malfunction
Matšoao a ts'oaetso e nkoang a hokahanngoa le li-receptors tsa NMDA e sa sebetse e kenyelletsa:
Ntho e 'ngoe ea methapo ea methapo ea boemo bo nang le ts'ebetsong ea ho amohela litšebeletso tsa NMDA e kenyelletsa:
- Fibromyalgia
- Boloetse bo sa feleng ba mokhathala
- Migraine aura
- Mefuta e meng ea hlooho ea hlooho
- Ho tšoenyeha
- Ho tepella maikutlong
- Schizophrenia
- Bothata ba ho imeloa ke khatello ka morao
- Mathata a makatsang
Maemo a mang a sa kenyelletseng ho se sebetse ha NMDA ho ka 'na ha rua molemo ho lithethefatsi tse lebisang NMDAR, tse kang:
- Phobia
- Stroke
- Bohloko bo bakoang ke methapo e senyehileng ( neuropathy )
Ka phobias, ho lumeloa hore lithethefatsi tse matlafatsang tsa NMDA li thusa amygdala (karolo ea boko e sebetsanang le tšabo) hape ithuta mekhatlo e mecha e thusang ho loantša tšabo.
Ka liropo, lipatlisiso li bontša hore ho thibela glutamate ka li-receptor tsa NMDA ho ka thusa ho fokotsa tšenyo ho lisele tsa boko bo bakoang ke ho haelloa ke oksijene.
Ka bohloko ba kelello, lithethefatsi tsena li ka thusa ho matlafatsa phello ea li-painkillers ka lebaka la ho ameha ka litsela tsa opioid.
Mekhoa e reretsoeng baemeli ba NMDA
Khemistri ea bokooa ke ntho e qhekellang, 'me ho e lahla ka ntle ho ka ba kotsi haholo. Esita le haeba ho utloahala hore ntho e ka thusa ka matšoao a hau, ke habohlokoa hore u buisane le ngaka pele u leka ntho leha e le efe e fetolang mosebetsi oa NMDA (kapa likarolo tse ling tsa kamoo boko ba hao bo sebetsang kateng).
Ho lumeloa hore lithethefatsi le lisebelisoa tse ngata li fetola mosebetsi oa li-receptors tsa NMDA. Ba kena ka mefuta e 'meli e fapaneng: bahanyetsi le ba-agonist.
NMDA Amohela bahanyetsi
E ka 'na eaba u tseba lentsoe "mohanyetsi" ha e bua ka motho ea nang le pale ea pale-e leng motho ea lekang ho fokotsa kapa ho thibela mohale ho finyella lipakane tsa hae. Ka kutloisiso ea bongaka, bahanyetsi ke lithethefatsi tse liehang kapa li thibela lintho.
Tabeng ea li-receptor tsa NMDA, bahanyetsi ba thibela ho amohela, ho bolelang hore ba thibela li-neurotransmitters hore li se ke tsa koala li-receptors tsena. Matšoao a mangata a mafu a methapo le mafu a mang a mokhubu a methapo ka linako tse ling a tšoaroa ka mefuta ena ea meriana.
Lithethefatsi tse khetholloang e le bahanyetsi ba NMDA ba amohelang lits'ebeletso li kenyelletsa:
- Namenda (mememine)
- Ketamine
- Chloroform
- Meriana e phahameng ea dextromethorphan (ho hatella ho khohlela ho Mucinex, Robitussin, NyQuil le tse ling tse ngata ka ho fetisisa ka lithethefatsi)
- Strattera (atomoxetine)
- Symmetrel (amantadine)
Lisebelisoa tsa sehlopha sena li kenyelletsa:
- Agmatine
- Arginine
- Huperzine A
- Zinc
NMDA Re Amohele Agonists
"Mogonist" ke se fapaneng le mohanyetsi; e susumetsa kapa e eketsa mosebetsi. Li-agonists tsa NMDA li nolofalletsa batho ba nang le li-neurotransmitter hore ba fihlele li amoheloa le ho eketsa ho phalla ha boitsebiso ka boko.
Ka linako tse ling lithethefatsi tsena li sebelisoa ho sebetsana le mathata a kelello, ho akarelletsa le schizophrenia le menahano ea ho ipolaea.
Li-agonists tse ling tsa meriana ea NMDA ea meriana ke:
- Clozaril (clozapine)
- Seromycin (cycloserine)
Ho phaella moo, liteko tse 'maloa tsa liteko tsa NMDA li fumanoa li le litsing tsa tleliniki bakeng sa ho tepella maikutlong.
Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa li-agonists tsa NMDA li kenyelletsa:
- Aspartic acid
- DHEA
- Theanine
Lentsoe le Tsoang ho
Ho tseba ka li-receptor tsa NMDA ho ka u thusa hore u utloisise hantle boloetse ba hao le mekhoa ea phekolo ea eona. Hopola hore li-receptors tsena ke karolo ea mokhoa o rarahaneng o rarahaneng-boko ba motho ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e rarahaneng ka ho fetisisa e teng. Ke ngaka feela e ka fumanang hantle le ho tšoara maemo a amang lintho tse kang li-receptor le li-neurotransmitters.
Ho tloaelehile ho nahana hore li-supplement ke "phekolo" e sireletsehileng, empa esita le lintho tsa tlhaho li ka bakela litla-morao tse mpe 'me li sebelisana hantle le meriana. Kenyeletsa ngaka le setsebi sa lithethefatsi liqetong tsa hau tsa phekolo ho netefatsa hore ha u intše kotsi ha u ntse u leka ho ntlafatsa.
> Mehloli:
> Antar V, Baran O, Yuceli S, et al. Tlhahlobo ea liphello tsa meriana ea li-neuroprotective ea inhibitor ea acetylcholinesterase Huperzine A ea mohlala oa teko ea mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo. Litaba tsa saense tsa methapo ea matšoao. 2015 Oct 16.
> Blanke ML, VanDongen AMJ. Bioloji ea Moemeli oa NMDA. Mohla oa pele. Baca Raton, FL: Tlaleho ea CRC / Taylor & Francis; 2009.
> Mohseni G, Ostadhadi S, Imran-Khan M, et al. Agmatine e eketsa ts'oaetso e tšoanang le ea lithium ea mouse e qobelloang ho sesa ka tsela ea NMDA. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy. 2017 Apr; 88: 931-938. doi: 10.1016 / j.biopha.2017.01.119.
> Mocha oa JW, Farber NB, Olney JW. Mosebetsi oa NMDA oa ho amohela, ho hopola le ho tsofala ha boko. Lipuisano litabeng tsa kelello ea methapo ea kutlo. 2000 Sep; 2 (3): 219-32.
> Rondon LJ, Farges MC, Davin N, le al. L-Arginine supplementation e thibela allodynia le hyperalgesia ho ratsana e bohloko ea lefu la tsoekere ka normalizing concentration ea plasma nitric ox concentration le ho eketseha ha plasma agmatine mahloriso. Koranta ea Europe ea phepo e nepahetseng. 2017 Jul 19. etsa: 10.1007 / s00394-017-1508-x.