Ho fihlela ha ke fumanoa ke tšoeroe ke ramatiki, ha kea ka ka sekaseka hore na litho tsa motho li na le mofuta ofe. Ke e 'ngoe ea lintho tseo batho ba li nkang habobebe - mokhatlo o tloaelehileng oa kopane. Ke hore, ho fihlela ho hong ho sa tsamaeeng ho bakang bohloko bo kopanetsoeng, tšenyo e kopanetsoeng, ho fokola ka kopanelo, le ho fokotsa maemo a fokolang. A re ke re bapise selekane se tloaelehileng le kopane ea ramatiki.
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Joint Joint'Mele oa motho, motsoako o thehoa moo mapheo a masapo a mabeli a kopanang teng, e leng se lumellang ho tsamaea. Moo masapo a mabeli a hlahang motsoako o motle haholo, o kang letheka kapa lehetla, o tsejoa e le diarthrosis, e leng lentsoe le tšoanang le lentsoe "motsoako oa synovial." Ho itšetlehile ka motsoako o tobileng, mehato e khonehang e kopanetsoeng e kenyelletsa ho tlatlapa (ho tloha hōle le bohareng ba 'mele); ho fokotsa (ho potoloha bohareng ba 'mele); ho eketsa (ho otloloha); flexion (ho kheloha); le ho potoloha (mokhatlo o chitja). Motsoako o nang le bophelo bo botle ba synovial o ka tsamaea ka bolokolohi ka tsela e tloaelehileng ea ho tsamaea .
Motsoako oa synovial o na le capsule (eo ho thoeng ke capsule e kopantsoeng) e nang le synovium (eo ho thoeng ke lesela le kopantsoeng) 'me o tletse metsi a synovial. Masapo a motsoako oa synovial a koahetsoe ke lefu la hyaline (articular) cartilage .
- Capsule ea kopane ke sesepa e thata e kenang ka ho feletseng. Poleloana "ligamentous" e bolela lisele tse sebetsang tse kopantsoeng le lesapo. Motsoako o kopanetsoeng o fana ka botsitso bo sa tsitsang ka ho fokotsa mekhoa 'me, ka lebaka la ho fela ha methapo ea lona, o etsa hore u tsebe boemo ba motsoako oa hau.
- Synovium (e boetse e bitsoa membrane ea synovial) ke leseli le nang le maqheku a kopantsoeng a tsamaisang likhahla tsa capsule e kopaneng, hammoho le li-sheaths tsa tendon le bursae. Li-tendon ke lihlopha tse nang le mesifa e nang le mesifa e tsamaisang masapo. Bursae ke li-sacs tse teteaneng, tse tletseng metsi tse fanang ka ho thibela moo letlalo, mesifa, liton, le li-ligam li hula holim'a masapo.
- Synovial fluid , e hlahisoang ke synovium, e fana ka phepo ho lefu la khase 'me e thusa ho fokotsa ho ferekanngoa nakong ea ho sisinyeha.
- Cartilage ea maiketsetso ke maqhubu a thata empa a feto-fetoha a nang le metsi a 85% le matrix a hlophisitsoeng hantle a collagen, protheine le tsoekere. Cartilage e fana ka sebaka se thellang se etsang hore masapo a lule a phutholohile ha a ntse a fokotsa ho ngangisana le ho tšoha.
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Kopano ea RamatikiHo na le mefuta e mengata ea ramatiki . Mefuta e 'meli e tloaelehileng ea ramatiki ke lefu la masapo le lefu la ramatiki . Ka nako e telele ho nahanoa hore lefu la khase e senyeha ha e ntse e senya, e leng mofuta oa bothata ba likokoana-hloko. Nakong ea ts'ebetso, masapo a mongobo a ka hlahisa 'me synovial fluid e eketseha. Ka liphetoho tsena, manonyeletso a fetoha a thata, a bohloko ebile a na le mekhoa e fokolang ea ho tsamaea. Leha ho le joalo, bafuputsi ba se ba qalile ho fetola maikutlo a bona mme ba fana ka tumello e eketsehileng ka mokhoa oa ho ruruha e le sesosa sa lefu la osteoarthritis, bonyane maemong a mang.
Ho qala ha ramatiki ke lefu la ho ruruha . Ka ho ruruha ho kopantsoeng, synovium e matlafala. Lisele tsa synovial li eketseha ka palo nakong ea ho teteka. Synovium e fetoha e majabajaba (e tletseng metsi) mme e ntlafatsoa ka mokhoa o mocha oa sekepe sa mali. Tlhahiso ea metsi ea synovial e eketsa mme capsule e kopaneng e ruruha hammoho le liphetoho tsena. Ho potoloha lisele tsa ho ruruha li kenella ka mahlahahlaha a kopaneng. Lisebelisoa tsa cellular tse hlahang nakong ea ho ruruha le liphetoho tse bakoang li bitsoa synovitis e sebetsang. Ka synovitis e sebetsang, ho halefisa le ho ruruha ha lesela le kopaneng, ho senyeha ha lefuba le litšokelo tsa masapo li ka etsahala.
> Mehloli:
> Joint Capsule: Sebopeho, Sebopeho, > Botsofali > le > Mafu >. > Journal ea Anatomy. Ralphs JR et al. Ka 1994.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1259958/
> Lihlopha. Merck Manual Home Health Handbook. Pekka Mooar, MD July 2007.
http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone_joint_and_muscle_disorders/biology_of_the_musculoskeletal_system/joints.html
> Joint Joint Joint. WorldOrtho. Joints Karolo ea 1. Ka Sarah Saw le Magdalena Mironowicz.
> Synovium e tloaelehileng. Malcolm D. Smith. Open Rheumatology Journal, 2011, 5, (Tlhaloso > 1: M2) > 100-106
http://benthamscience.com/open/torj/articles/V005/SI0098TORJ/100TORJ.pdf
> Ramatiki ea Ramatiki: Tlhahlobo ea Pele le Phekolo. Pathology ea RA. PP.16-19. Ke John J. Cush MD, Michael E. Weinblatt, MD le Arthur Kavanaugh, MD. Khatiso ea Boraro. Copyright 2010.