'Mapa oa Tlhaloso ea Viral e re Thusa ho Hlahisa Lithethefatsi tsa HIV
Ho utloisisa bophelo ba HIV ho entse hore ho khonehe ho hlahisa lithethefatsi tseo re li sebelisang ho phekola lefu lena. E re thusa hore re tsebe hore na kokoana-hloko e etsa likopi tsa eona, e leng se re thusang ho hlaolela litsela tsa ho thibela (kapa ho thibela) tshebetso eo.
Phetoho ea bophelo ba HIV e atisa ho aroloa ka mekhahlelo e ts'oanang e tšeletseng, ho tloha ho selekane sa kokoana-hloko ho isa seleng e amohelehang ho ea ho phallo ea HIV e ncha ea li-virions (e tšoantšetso ).
Viral Attachment
Hang ha HIV e kene 'meleng (ka tloaelo ka ho kopanela liphate, tlhahiso ea mali, kapa phetisetso ea tšoaetso ea' mè ho ea ho ngoana), e batla sele e amohelehang e le hore e ka ikatisa. Motho ea amohelang nyeoe ena ke CD4 T-cell e sebelisetsoang ho bontša tšireletso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung.
E le ho tšoaetsoa sele, e lokela ho ikopanya ka mokhoa oa sebopeho sa mefuta-futa. Linotlolo ke liprotheine tse holim'a HIV tse khomarelang liprotheine tse amohelehang ho CD4 seleng ka tsela eo senotlolo se kenang ka senotlolo. Sena ke se tsejoang e le sehlabelo sa kokoana-hloko .
Sehlopha sa kokoana-hloko se thibetsoeng ke ho kena ka har'a inhibitor-class drug e bitsoang Selzentry (maraviroc) .
Ho Itlama le ho Fumana
Hang ha e khomaretsoe sele, tšoaetso ea HIV e ntša liprotheine kahare ho li-cellular fluids (cytoplasm) ea T-cell. Sena se baka fusion ea lisele le selefouno e ka ntle ea HIV. Ena ke sethala se tsejoang e le fusion ea kokoana-hloko.
Sesebelisoa se nang le lithethefatsi se bitsoang Fuzeon (enfurvitide) se khona ho kena-kenana le fusion ea kokoana-hloko.
Uncoating ea Viral
HIV e sebelisa liphatsa tsa eona tsa lefutso (RNA) ho ikatisa ka ho tlatlapa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa sele e amohelehang. Ha u etsa joalo, e ka ntša likopi tse ngata. Ts'ebetso ena, e bitsoang ho koahela likokoana-hloko , e hloka hore liaparo tse sireletsang tse potolohileng RNA li tlameha ho qhibiliha. Ntle le mohato ona, ho sokoloha ha RNA ho DNA (mochine o mocha oa mohaho) ho ke ke ha etsahala.
Phetolelo le Phetolelo
Hang ha e le seleng, RNA e se nang molekane oa HIV e tlameha ho fetoloa DNA e nang le bobeli. E finyella sena ka thuso ea enzyme e bitsoang reverse transcriptase .
Reverse transcriptase e sebelisa mehaho ea mohaho ho tloha ho T-cell ho fetolela liphatsa tsa lefutso ka ho toba: ho tloha ho RNA ho ea ho DNA. Hang ha DNA e fetohile, liphatsa tsa lefutso li na le khokahano e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho pheta-pheta likokoana-hloko.
Lithethefatsi tse bitsoang reverse transcriptase inhibitors li ka thibela mokhoa ona ka ho feletseng. Mefuta e meraro ea lithethefatsi, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), nucleotide transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs) le e seng nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), e na le mehlala e fosahetseng ea liprotheine tse ipehelang ka har'a DNA e tsoelang pele. Ka ho etsa joalo, mokhatlo oa DNA o khabisitsoeng ka makhetlo a mabeli o ke ke oa thehoa ka botlalo, 'me ho ipheta-pheta ho koetsoe.
Retrovir (zidovudine), Ziagen (abacavir), Sustiva (efavirenz) le Viread (tenofovir) ke tse ling feela tsa li-inhibitor tse reverse tse sebelisoang ho phekola HIV.
Tšebelisano
E le hore HIV e hloke lisele tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, e tlameha ho kenyelletsa DNA e sa tsoa thehoa karolong ea sele. Lithethefatsi tse bitsoang integrase inhibitors li khona ho thibela sethala sa ho kopanya ka ho thibela enzyme ea integrase e fetisetsang liphatsa tsa lefutso.
Isentress (ratelgraviv), Tivicay (dolutegravir), le Vitekta (elvitegravir) ke tse tharo tse atisang ho behoa integrase inhibitors.
Kopano
Hang ha ho kopanngoa, HIV e tlameha ho etsa liprotheine tse hahang ho sebelisoa ho bokella kokoana-hloko e ncha. E etsa joalo ka li-enzyme tsa protease, tse etsang hore liprotheine li be tse nyane ebe li bokella likotoana tse ncha, tse nang le tšoaetso ea HIV.
Sehlopha sa lithethefatsi se bitsoang protease inhibitors se ka thibela mosebetsi oa kopano ka katleho. E kenyeletsa lithethefatsi tse kang Prezista (darunavir) le Reyataz (atazanavir).
Ho tsitsa le ho hlophisa
E 'ngoe ea li-virions li bokane, li feta karolong ea ho qetela eo ho eona batho ba hōlileng ka ho feletseng ba hlahang ho tloha seleng ea baeti ba nang le tšoaetso.
Hang ha e lokolloa mahala, li-virions li tsoela pele ho tšoaetsa sele e 'ngoe e amohelang batho' me li qala ho potoloha hape.
Ha ho na lithethefatsi tse ka thibelang ho nonoa ha mmele le ho hlophisa .