E le hore u utloisise tlhahlobo ea mali ea ANA (tlhahlobo ea mali ea antinuclear), ke habohlokoa ho qala ho utloisisa mefuta e fapaneng ea li-antibodies.
- Li-antibodies ke liprotheine, tse hlahisoang ke lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali, tse atisang ho potoloha maling ho ea sireletsa khahlanong le bahlaseli ba tsoang linaheng tse ling, tse kang libaktheria, likokoana-hloko le chefo.
- Li-autoantibodies, ho e-na le ho nka bohato khahlanong le bahlaseli ba tsoang linaheng tse ling, hlasela lisele tsa 'mele. Sena ha se sa tloaeleha.
- Li-antibodies tsa annuclear nyenyane ke sehlopha se ikhethang sa li-autoantibodies tse nang le bokhoni ba ho hlasela mehaho e ka sehloohong ea lisele. Motsoako oa sele o na le liphatsa tsa lefutso, tse tsejoang e le DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Tlhahlobo ea mali ea ANA (tlhahlobo ea antinuclear antibody) e atisa ho etsoa ka sesupa ea mali e le karolo ea mokhoa oa ho hlahloba mafu a mang a ikhethang .
Tlhahlobo eo e Etsoa ka Eona
E le ho etsa tlhahlobo ea mali ea ANA, eo ka linako tse ling e bitsoang FANA (fluorescent antinuclear antibody test), sampula ea mali e tsoa ho mokuli mme e romeloa ho laborateng ea tlhahlobo. Serame e tsoang setsing sa mali e kenyelletsoa li-slidescope di-slide tse nang le lisele tse lokiselitsoeng khoebong holimo. Haeba serum ea mokuli e na le li-antibokete tsa antitinuclear, li tlama liseleng (haholo-holo nuclei ea lisele) ho slide.
Mochankana oa bobeli, e leng khoebo e nang le dae ea fluorescent, o kenyelletsoa ho kopanya serum ea mokuli le lisele tse lokiselitsoeng khoebong ho slide.
Mochine oa bobeli (fluorescent) antibody o khomaretse li-antibodies le lisele tsa serum tse kopantseng hammoho. Ha slide e hlahlojoa tlas'a microscope ea ultraviolet, li-antibokete tsa li-antinuclear li hlaha joaloka lisele tsa fluorescent.
- Haeba lisele tsa fluorescent li hlokomeloa, phello ea tlhahlobo ea mali ea ANA e ntle.
- Haeba lisele tsa fluorescent li sa hlokomeloe, sephetho sa tlhahlobo ea mali ea ANA se fosahetse.
Tlaleho ea Tlhahlobo ea Mali
Tlaleho ea tlhahlobo ea mali ea ANA e na le likarolo tse tharo:
- E ntle kapa e mpe bakeng sa ANA
- Haeba e ntle, titer e ikemiselitse ebile e tlaleha
- Mohlala oa fluorescence o tlalehoa
ANA Titer
Sehlooho se ikemiselitse ho pheta tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ka li-dilutions tse kholo ho fihlela tlhahlobo e hlahisa liphello tse mpe. Phetolo ea ho qetela e hlahisang litholoana tse ntle (ke hore, fluorescence e bonngoeng tlas'a microscope) ke titer e tlalehoang. Mohlala ke ona:
Litlhaloso tsa Serial:
1:10 e ntle
1:20 e ntle
1:40 e ntle
1:80 e ntle
1: 160 positive (titer e tlaleha e le 1 160)
1: 320 hampe
Bohlokoa ba mohlala oa ANA
Litokelo tsa ANA le lipalo li ka fapana pakeng tsa libaka tsa tlhahlobo ea laboratori ka lebaka la ho fetoha ha mokhoa o sebelisoang. Mekhoa e tloaelehileng e tsejoang e kenyeletsa:
- E kopane - kakaretso ea fluorescence ea nyutlelie ka lebaka la motho ea loantšang khahlanong le DNA. E tloaelehileng ka systemic lupus erythematosus .
- Pherefere - fluorescence e hlaha metseng e ka thōko ea nucleus ka ponahalo ea shaggy. Li-anti-DNA le anti-nuclear envelope li-antibodies li baka mokhoa ona. E boetse e bonahala ka systemic lupus erythematosus.
- Ho khetholloa - ho na le li-speckled fluorescense ka lebaka la antibody e lebisitsoeng khahlanong le likokoana-hloko tse sa tšoaneng tsa nyutlelie.
- Nucleolar - ho tloha li-antibodies tse laolang liprotheine tse khethehileng tse amanang le ho ts'oaetso ha RNA. E bonoa ho batho ba nang le scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) .
Phello e nepahetseng ea ANA ea Teko ea Mali - E Bolela Eng?
Li-antibokete tsa li-anti-nyutlelie li fumaneha ho batho ba nang le maloetse a sa tšoaneng, empa eseng feela. Likokoana-hloko tse nyenyane tsa nyutlelie li ka boela tsa fumanoa ho batho ba nang le tšoaetso, kankere, mafu a matšoafo, maloetse a meriana, mafu a li-hormone, mafu a mali, maloetse a letlalo, batho ba hōlileng, kapa batho ba nang le lefu la rheumatic. Li-antibokete tsa li-anti-nyutlelie li fumanoa hoo e ka bang liphesente tse hlano tsa batho ba phelang hantle, le bona.
Liphetho tsa ANA ke ntho e le 'ngoe feela e nahannoang ha ho fumanoa hore na lefu le etsoa joang. Ngaka ea mokuli matšoao a meriana le liteko tse ling tsa ho hlahloba le tsona li lokela ho nkoa ke ngaka.
Histori ea bongaka e boetse e le ea bohlokoa hobane lithethefatsi tse ling tsa ngaka li ka baka "lithibela-mafu tse entsoeng ke lithethefatsi tse entsoeng ke lithethefatsi".
Kotsi ea ANA ho Maloetse a sa tšoaneng
Ho bua ka mantsoe a mangata, sekhahla sa liphello tse ntle tsa tlhahlobo ea ANA (ka karolo ea lekholong ka boemo bohle) ke:
- Symphony lupus erythematosus (lupus kapa SLE) - tse fetang 95 lekholong
- Progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) - karolo ea 60 ho isa ho 90 lekholong
- Ramatiki ea ramatiki - karolo ea 25 ho isa ho 30 lekholong
- Sjogren's syndrome - karolo ea 40 ho isa ho 70 lekholong
- Felty's syndrome - karolo ea 75 lekholong
- Matšoao a masapo a bana - karolo ea 15 ho isa ho 30 lekholong
Ka linako tse ling liteko tsa mali tsa ANA li sebelisoa ho fumana hore na lefu le ikhethang ke lefe. Bakeng sa morero ona, ngaka e ka laela anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, sjogren's syndrome antigens (SSA, SSB), li-anti-centromere, anti-histone, le anti-RNP.
The Bottom Line
Tlhahlobo ea mali ea ANA e rarahane. Seo se boletse, liphello-tse ntle kapa tse mpe, lihlooho, mohlala le sephetho sa tlhahlobo ea li-subset-li ka fa lingaka lintlha tse bohlokoa tsa ho thusa ho hlahloba mafu a autoimmune rheumatic.
Lisebelisoa:
> Peng le Craft. Buka ea libuka tsa Rheumatology. Khatiso ea borobong. Elsevier. Khaolo ea 55 - Likokoana-hloko tsa Antinuclear.
Tlhahlobo ea Bongaka, Todd-Sanford