Lithethefatsi li sebetsa ka tsela e fapaneng ho fokotsa kapa ho thibela li-Flare-Ups
Meriana ea phekolo ea meriana e bohlokoa ho phekola batho ba nang le boloetse bo sa foleng ba pulmonary (COPD) . Ho e-na le ho emela pilisi ho fana ka meriana ka mali, li-inhalers li fetisetsa lithethefatsi mohloli oa bothata, ho finyella ka potlako, liphello tse lebisitsoeng.
Ho na le li-inhalers tse nang le meriana e le 'ngoe feela (monotherapy) le tse ling tse fanang ka lithethefatsi tse ngata ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea liketso.
Lithethefatsi li ka aroloa likarolong tse tharo tse kholo:
- Bronchodilators e khutšoanyane
- Bronchodilator ea nako e telele
- Steroids ea inhaled
E mong le e mong o sebetsana ka tsela e fapaneng ho phekola kapa ho thibela COPD le ho fana ka lesapo la mokokotlo leo meriana e meng kapa lithethefatsi e ka kenang ka eona e ka kenngoa.
Bronchodilators e khutšoanyane
Batho ba bang ba nang le COPD ba tla ba le matšoao feela (nako e khutšoanyane ea moea, ho phalla) ha ba ikitlaetsa. Bakeng sa batho bana, lingaka li tla beha mochine oa bronchodilator o khutšoanyane, o tsejoang hape e le pholoso ea inhaler.
Li-helmets li sebetsa ka ho bula (ho fokotsa) li-sac (air) tse qalang nakong ea COPD. Li-bronchodilator tse khutšoanyane li "potlaka le ho potlaka," ho bolelang hore li sebetsa ka potlako 'me li fana ka liphallelo lihora tse ka bang tse' nè ho isa ho tse tšeletseng. Li lokela ho sebelisoa feela ha li hlokahala ebile li nkoa kae kapa kae moo u eang teng haeba ho le kotsi.
Ho na le lihlopha tse peli tsa lithethefatsi tse sebelisetsoang li-bronchodilator tse khutšoanyane: li-beta-agonists , tse khomarelang li-receptors matšoafong ho emisa li-spasms, le anticholinergics , e thibelang lik'hemik'hale tse hlahisang li-spasms.
Li-agonists tse khutšoanyane tsa beta (SABAs) tse amohelehang hona joale Amerika ke tsena:
- Albuterol
- Xopenex (levalbuterol)
- Metaproterenol
- Terbutaline
Nako e khutšoanyane ea anticholinergic e amohelehang hona joale Amerika ke:
- Atrovent (ipratropium)
Ho boetse ho na le tlhahiso e kopanetsoeng e kopanetsoeng e bitsoang Combivent e nang le ipratropium le short-acting beta-agonist albuterol.
Bronchodilator ea nako e telele e sebetsang
Batho ba nang le COPD e tsoetseng pele ba atisa ho laeloa meriana e sa amoheleheng e nkiloeng letsatsi le leng le le leng hore na ba na le matšoao kapa che. Lithethefatsi tsena li bitsoa bronchodilator e sebetsang nako e telele.
Batho ba kotsing e kholo ea ho fokotsa matla a ka ba rua molemo ho lithethefatsi tsena ha ba ntse ba fana ka tšireletso ea kobo kae kapa kae ho tloha lihora tse 12 ho isa ho tse 24. Joaloka li-bronchodilator tse khutšoanyane, li na le lithethefatsi tsa beta-agonist kapa anticholinergic.
Li-agonists tsa nako e telele tse sebetsang (LABAs) tse amoheloang US ke tsena:
- Salmeterol
- Performomist (formoterol)
- Bambuterol
- Indacaterol
- Brovana (arformoterol)
Nako e telele e sebetsang ka anticholinergics e amoheloang Amerika ke:
- Spiriva (tiotropium)
- Aclidinium
Inhaled Steroids
Batho ba nang le COPD e matla ba ka 'na ba se ke ba itšoara hantle ho li-bronchodilator tse nkileng nako e telele' me hangata ba hloka "matla" a mang a ho boloka phefumoloho. Bakeng sa batho bana, steroid e khotsofatsang e ka sebelisoa.
Li-steroid tse nang le inhaled, tse tsejoang hape e le li-glucocorticoids , li na le matla a matla a khahlanong le ho ruruha 'me li ka fokotsa kapele ho ruruha le ho hlahisa li-mucus ka lifofane. Li sebetsa ka tsela e tšoanang le li-steroids tsa molomo empa li sebetsa ka potlako 'me li fokotsa haholo kotsi ea li-flare-ups le hospital hospital.
Hangata li sebelisoa ka makhetlo a mabeli letsatsi le leng le le leng 'me hangata li hloka libeke tse peli "ho kenya nako" pele li sebetsa ka botlalo.
Steroids e tsitsitseng e sebelisoang ho phekola COPD ke:
- Pulmicort (budesonide)
- Aerospan (flunisolide)
- Flovent (fluticasone)
- Asmanex (mometasone)
- QVAR (beclomethasone)
Ho boetse ho na le mefuta e meraro ea motsoako e kenyeletsang li-steroids tse inhaled:
- Symbicort (formoterol le budesonide)
- Advair (salmeterol le fluticasone)
- Brio Ellipta (vilanterol le fluticasone)
Litla-morao tsa methapo ea steroid e kenyelletseha ha e fokotsehe haholo ho feta ea lipuo tsa somo kapa tsa injected steroids. Li ka 'na tsa kenyelletsa molomo o bohloko kapa metso, horaseness (dysphonia), le molomo oa candidiasis (thrush).
Tšebeliso ea nako e telele e amahanngoa le kotsi e eketsehileng ea glaucoma le ho fokola ha masapo.
> Mohloli:
> Vestbo, J .; Ho utloisa bohloko, S .; Agusti, A. le al. "Leano la lefats'e la ho hlahlojoa, ho laola le ho thibela maloetse a sa foleng a ho folisa lefu: Grief summary of GOLD." Mohlomphehi oa J J Crit Care Med. 2013; 187 (4): 347-65. NA: 10.1164 / rccm.210204-0596PP.