Litekanyetso tsa RBC li thusa ho lemoha lisosa tsa phokolo ea mali le maloetse a mang
Haeba u sheba sele ea hao e khubelu ea mali ho e-na le CBC, u ka 'na ua bona li-initials tse fapaneng li kenyelelitsoe hammoho le kakaretso ea palo. Litlhaku tse khubelu tsa lisele tsa mali, tse bitsoang MCHC, MCV, MCH le RDW li fana ka tlhahisoleseding e eketsehileng ka lisele tsa hao tse khubelu tsa mali 'me e ka ba molemo ho fumana sesosa sa mali a phokolo ea mali le maemo a mang a bophelo.
A re hlahlobeng boitsebiso bo nang le palo ea hau ea mali ( CBC ) e feletseng, ho kenyelletsa le palo ea hao ea bobeli ba lisele tsa mali, 'me u buisane ka se boleloang ke bohlokoa ba likarolo tsena.
Your Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Palo e feletseng ea mali (CBC) ke teko ea mali e laetsoeng ke lingaka e le hore ba ka hlahloba sebopeho le boleng ba lisele tsa mali 'meleng oa hau. Lisele tsena tsa mali li kenyelletsa:
- Lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali (leukocyte) tse thusang ho loantša tšoaetso
- Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali (erythrocytes) tse fanang ka oksijene ho pholletsa le 'mele
- Platelet (thrombocyte) e thibelang mali
Palo ea Sehlopha sa Mali a Sefubelu (RBC)
Palo e khubelu ea sele ea mali (RBC) ke palo ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali tse fumanehang maling a hao. Tlhaloso e tloaelehileng ea RBC e itšetlehile ka lilemo le tekano:
- Bakeng sa basali, 4.2 - 5.4 milione / mcL
- Bakeng sa banna, 4.7 - 6.1 milione / mcL
- Bakeng sa bana 4.1 - 5.5 milione / mcL
Palo e tlaase ea sele ea mali e bofubelu e bitsoa anemia . Ho na le mabaka a mangata a fapaneng a phokolo ea mali, ao khaello ea tšepe e le 'ngoe feela. Li-indices tse khubelu tsa sele ea mali li thusa haholo ho khetholla lisosa tsena tse fapaneng.
Palo e khubelu ea sele ea mali e bitsoa erythrocytosis kapa polycythemia .
Lisosa li kenyeletsa ho felloa ke metsi (moo boemo bo seng bo phahameng, empa bo bonahala ka tsela eo ka lebaka la molumo o fokolang oa mali ka mali), tlhokahalo e kholo ea oksijene e jereng matla a mali, a kang ho lula libakeng tse phahameng, COPD, kapa ho hlōleha ha pelo, le tlhahiso e ntseng e eketseha ea lisele tse khubelu mongobo ka lebaka la maemo a kang polycythemia vera.
Ha u ntse u shebile lenane la RBC kaofela u ka u bolella hore na palo ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali e tlaase, e tloaelehileng kapa e phahameng, ha e u bolelle hore na ke hobane'ng ha palo e sa tloaeleha. Kahoo ho hlokahala hore ho be le lintlha tse eketsehileng tsa lisele tsena. Esita le haeba palo ea RBC e tloaelehile, ho sheba litlaleho tsa RBC ka linako tse ling ho ka fana ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa ho hlahloba boemo ba bongaka.
Li-indices tsa li-Red Blood Cell (RBC)
Hammoho le kakaretso ea RBC, li-indices tsa RBC li fana ka tlhahisoleseding mabapi le boholo le boleng ba lisele tse khubelu tsa mali. Sena se ka sebelisetsoa ho hlahloba hore na sesosa se bakoang ke lefu la phokolo ea mali ke sefe le hore na ho na le phoso e kae le ho fana ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa mabapi le maemo a mang a bophelo boo u ka bang le bona.
Litlhaloso tsa RBC li na le likarolo tse 'nè tse sa tšoaneng tse tsejoang e le mohopolo o bolelang "corpuscular hemoglobin concentration" (MCHC), lentsoe le bolelang "corpuscular volume volume" (MCV), e bolelang "hemoglobin corpuscular hemoglobin" (MCH), le bophara bo bofubelu ba ho arolelana lisele (RDW).
Matšoao a Hemoglobin a Bobeli a Maiketsetso (MCHC)
Mohopolo o boima oa hemoglobin (MCHC) ke lefu la hemoglobin le lekaneng la lisele tse khubelu tsa mali.
Hemoglobin ke protheine e nang le tšepe e nang le lisele tse khubelu tsa mali tseo mosebetsi oa tsona ke ho jara oksijene. Hape ke sebopeho se fanang ka lisele tse khubelu tsa mali. Ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e kenang mohopolong e ka etsa hore lisele li bonahale li khubelu.
Mokhatlo oa MCHC oa u bolella hore na lisele tse khubelu tsa mali li na le hemoglobin e ngata ho feta eng e ka lebelloang. Mefuta e tloaelehileng bakeng sa MCHC e pakeng tsa 33,4 le 35,5 dikgerama ka ho feletseng ho diminete ho batho ba baholo. Letlotlo leha e le lefe le ka ntle ho lethathamo la litaelo le hlalosoa ka tsela e latelang
MCHC e phahameng: Ha MCHC e phahame, lisele tse khubelu li bitsoa " hyperchromic" . Lisosa tse ka hlahisoang ke MCHC e phahameng (tse sa tloaelehang) li kenyelletsa:
- Ho ipolaea haemeli ea hemolytic , e leng boemo boo 'mele oa' mele o hlaselang lisele tsa khubelu tsa mali ka oona
- Hereditary spherocytosis, lefutso le khetholloang ke lefu la mali le mali
MCHC e tlaase: Ha MCHC e le tlaase, lisele li bitsoa hypochromic . Lisosa tse ka khonehang li kenyeletsa
- Ho haelloa ke tšepe ea khauta . Mathata a mang le afe a ka etsa hore khaello ea mali e fokotsehe, ho kenyeletsa ho ima, ho lahleheloa ke mali, ho kenngoa ha tšepe hampe (ka mohlala, ka lefu la Celiac kapa lefu la Crohn), le ho ba le phepo e mpe ea tšepe.
Ho sa tsotellehe hore na o na le pheko e nepahetseng hakae kapa boikaketsi, phekolo e lebisitsoe haholo tabeng ea ho phekola boemo boo. Ho tlatsetsoa ha tšepe le ho eketseha ha lijo tsa tšepe ho ka thusa ho sebetsana le khaello ea mali ea khaello ea mali, empa phaello ea tšepe ha ea khothalletsoa bakeng sa batho ba se nang tšepe ea tšepe (ho fetela ka tšepe ho ka bolokoa sebeteng le pelong). Ho tšeloa mali ho ka sebelisoa maemong a thata haholo.
Palo e Bolelang Bokooa (MCV)
Boima ba molumo oa likaroloana (MCV) bo lekanya karolelano ea sele e khubelu ea mali, e bolelang boholo ba lisele tsa tsona.
Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa MCV o na le basali ba li-80 le ba 96 ka sele.
MCV e nyenyane : MCV e tlaase e bontša hore lisele tse khubelu tsa mali li nyenyane, kapa microcytic . Lisosa tse ka khonehang li kenyeletsa
- Ho chefo ea chefo
- Thalassemia (li- thalassemias ke mafu a liphatsa tsa lefutso a khetholloang ke hemoglobin e sa tloaelehang)
- Anemia ea mafu a sa foleng
- Ramatiki ea ramatiki
- Giant cell arteritis .
MCV e phahameng: MCV e phahameng e bolela hore lisele tse khubelu tsa mali li kholo ho feta tloaelehileng, kapa macrocytic . Lisosa tsa macrocytic anemia li akaretsa:
- Ho haella ha vithamine B12
- Ho haella ha folate (bokooa ba vithamine B12 le bofokoli ba folate bo boetse bo bitsoa mali a mali a megaloblastic, ka lebaka la RBC ea macrocytic)
- Lefu la sebete
- Ho noa joala
- Hyothyothyismism
- Meriana e kang chemotherapy le lithethefatsi tsa retroviral bakeng sa HIV
MCV e tloaelehileng: Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore motho a ka ba le phokolo ea mali 'me a na le MCV e tloaelehileng. Sena se bitsoa normocytic anemia. Lisosa li kenyeletsa:
- Ho lahleheloa ke mali ka tšohanyetso
- Ho hloleha ha liphio
- Hemolytic anemia
- Ho haelloa ke phepo
Hemoglobin e Nang le Bokooa bo Bolelang (MCH)
Hemoglobin e nang le mahlakore a mangata (MCH) ke tekanyo e tloaelehileng ea hemoglobin ka sele e khubelu ea mali sampong ea mali. Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa MCH o pakeng tsa litšoantšo tse 27.5 le 33.2 ka sele.
MCH e bohlokoa ka ho toba e bapisoa le boleng ba MCV, 'me lingaka tse ling li fumana hore tlhahlobo e fokotsehile. Ka tsela e joalo, haeba boholo ba lisele tse khubelu tsa mali li le khōlō (joalokaha ho lekantsoe ke MCV), tekanyo ea hemoglobin ka lisele tse khubelu tsa mali e tla ba e phahameng (joalokaha e lekantsoe ke MCH), le ka tsela e fapaneng.
Le hoja MCH e ka sebediswa e le mong ho fumana hore na lefu la phokolo ea mali ke hyper-, hypo-, kapa normocytic, MCV e lokela ho nkoa hammoho le MCH kaha cell phone e ama likarolo tsa hemoglobin ka sele.
Bophara bo Pharaletseng ba Phatlalatso ea Lisele tsa Lefutso (RDW)
Boholo ba karolelano ea lisele tse khubelu (RDW) ke teko e bontšang phapang ea boholo ba lisele tse khubelu tsa mali ('me e lekane le ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng ha MCV). RDW e tloaelehileng e ne e tla bolela hore lisele tse khubelu tsa mali kaofela li lekana le boholo, athe RDW e phahameng e bolela hore ho na le ho fapana ho hongata ka boholo ba lisele tse khubelu tsa mali.
Lingaka tse ling li lumela hore RDW ke e 'ngoe ea lik'hamphani tse khubelu tse sebetsang ka ho fetisisa ho etsa tlhahlobo ea mafu. Ntle le karolo ea eona ho thusa ho lemoha mali a phokolo ea mali, RDW e phahameng e ka bolela esale pele hore boteng ba methapo ea mali e tla ba teng ho batho ba nang le khatello e matla ea mali. E boetse e fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa khaello ea phepo ea pele ea phepo e ka 'nang ea se ke ea hlokomeloa ka liteko tse ling feela. Qetellong, ke teko e ntle ea ho etsa qeto ea hore na ho hlokahala hore ho etsoe tlhahlobo e eketsehileng, e kang ea phallo ea mali ea smear.
Mokhoa o tloaelehileng bakeng sa RDW ke karolo ea 10 ho ea ho 14,5 lekholong.
RDW e thusa haholo ha e hlahlojoa hammoho le MCV. Mohlala oa lisosa tse ling o kenyeletsa:
RDW e phahameng le tlase MCV (microcytic):
- Ho haelloa ke tšepe ea khauta
- Anemia ea sele ea lefu
RDW e phahameng le MCV e tloaelehileng (normocytic):
- Ho haelloa ke tšepe ea khauta
- Li-anemias li kopantsoe
- Hemorrhage (matsatsi a seng makae hamorao)
- Mefuta e mengata ea haemoglobin
RDW e phahameng le MCV e phahameng (macrocytic):
- Ho haella ha vithamine B12
- Ho haella ha folate
- Boloetse bo bobe ba agglutinin
- Myelodysplastic syndrome
- Phokolo ea mali ea immune hemolytic
RDW e tloaelehileng le MCV e phahameng :
- Boloetse ba sebete (bo sa foleng)
- Anemia ea mali
- Li amanang le joala
RDW e tloaelehileng le MCV e tlaase :
- Anemia ea mafu a sa foleng
- Mefuta e meng ea thalassemia
- Li-hemoglobin tse ling tse sa tloaelehang
Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore tsena ke mehlala e seng mekae feela, 'me ho na le menyetla e mengata.
Lentsoe le Tsoang ho
CBC ke tekanyetso e tloaelehileng ea mali 'me e kenyeletsa palo e khubelu ea sele ea mali ho phaella ho palo e tšoeu ea lisele tsa mali le liplatelete. Palo e khubelu ea lisele tsa mali e ka bolella lingaka ka palo ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali empa e bua hanyenyane ka lebaka la ho sa tloaelehe.
Litlhaloso tsa RBC, ka ho sheba litšoaneleho tsa lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, ha li thuse feela ho lemoha sesosa sa lefu la phokolo ea mali empa ha ho hlahlojoa maemo a bongaka esita le ha palo e khubelu ea sele ea mali e tloaelehile.
Ho kopanngoa ha li-indices hape ho fana ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa ho fokotsa khaello ea mali. Mehlala e fanoeng ka holimo ke tse 'maloa feela tsa lisosa tse ka khonehang,' me ho etsa qeto ea hore na lebaka le tobileng la phokolo ea mali ke ka linako tse ling le thata hakae. Litlhahlobo tsena tsa mali li sebelisoa hantle ha li kopane le histori e hlokolosi, tlhahlobo e feletseng ea 'mele, le liteko tse ling tsa litšoantšo tse bontšitsoeng.
Ho ithuta ka liteko tsena tsa mali ho ka u thusa hore u botse ngaka ea hao lipotso e le hore u utloisise ka botlalo hore na o na le lefu lena kapa o tsoela pele ho lekoa. Ho eketseha, batho ba ntse ba bitsoa hore ba kenye letsoho mosebetsing oa bona oa bophelo bo botle, le ho ithuta ho etsa liqeto tse nang le tsebo ka bophelo ba bona. Ho ipha nako ea ho ithuta ka melao ea hau ea boleng ho ka u thusa ho fuoa matla ho etsa liqeto tse molemo bakeng sa hao u le mong.
> Mehloli:
> Kasper, Dennis L .., Anthony S. Fauci, le Stephen L .. Hauser. Melao-motheo ea Harrison ea Meriana ea ka Hare. New York: Thuto ea Mc Graw Hill, 2015. Print.
> Kumar, Vinay, Abul K. Abbas, le Jon C. Aster. Li-Robbins le Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. Philadelphia: Elsevier-Saunders, 2015. Print.
> Nagao, T., le M. Hirokawa. Tlhahlobo le Phekolo ea Macrocytic Anemia ho Batho ba baholo. Leqephe la Meriana ea Kakaretso le ea Lelapa . 2017. 18 (5): 200-204.
> Shah, N., Pahuja, M., Pant, S. le al. Bophara bo Pharaletseng ba Kakaretso ea Lik'hamphani le Motsi ea ho shoa ha Melello ea Melello: Tlhahlobo ea Phuputso ea Sechaba ea Bophelo le ea Litlhoko (NHANES) -II. International Journal of Cardiology . 2017. 232: 105-110.