Ka kakaretso ho lumeloa hore HIV-1 e simolohile ka lebaka la ho fokotsa (kapa ho kopanya) likokoana-hloko tse peli tsa simian immunodeficiency (SIV) -e leng ho tloha ho macabey e bofubelu bo bofubelu 'me e' ngoe e tsoa sebakeng se sabaletseng sa monkey. Ka nako eo SIV e tsitsitsoeng e ne e lumela hore e na le kokoana-hloko ea Pan troglodytes e Afrika Bohareng, e ileng ea fetisetsoa ho batho ka ho tšoaetsoa mali ho ea mali le / kapa ho sebelisoa ha lihlahla.
Maloetse a Zoonotic
Matšoao a li-Zoonotic-ao a qhollang liphoofolong ho ea ho batho-ke lintho tse tloaelehileng tse tloaelehileng, ka bopaki bo eketsehileng ba liphatsa tsa lefutso tse bontšang hore esita le maselese, sekholopane le diphtheria li ka bakoa ke tšoaetso ea mefuta-futa. Salmonellosis , tšoaetso ea baktheria e ka fetohang ho boemo bo hlalosang AIDS , ke mohlala o motle, hangata o bakoang ke ho noa nama e silafalitsoeng, mahe kapa lihlahisoa tsa lebese.
Phuputso e ncha ho bafuputsi Univesithing ea Oxford e fihlile qeto ea hore ho ka 'na ha etsahala hore "ho qhoma" ho Kinshasa, motse-moholo oa Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), kae-kae lilemong tsa bo-1920 le mohloli oa lefu la seoa leo re le tsebang kajeno.
Ho ipapisa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso ho tiisa Geographical Center
E le ho tseba sena, bo-rasaense ba bapisa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa likokoana-hloko tse fumanehang Congo Boroa, ho akarelletsa le DRC le Cameroon. Ba ile ba khona ho fumana eng hore, ho sebelisa liphatsa tsa lefutso le litlaleho tsa histori, ho qhoma ha hoa ka ha qala Cameroon joalokaha ho ne ho nahanoa pele, empa e bile phello ea ho ata ha kokoana-hloko pakeng tsa Kinshasa le Cameroon ka lebaka la khoebo ea nōka.
Bafuputsi ba ile ba qetella ba netefalitse hore kokoana-hloko e fumanehang Kinshasa e bontšitse mefuta e fapaneng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ho feta kae kapa kae-e bakoang ke ho ata ha kokoana-hloko ea ho fetoha ha motho ho ea ho motho -hammoho le ho tsebahala ha liphatsa tsa khale tsa HIV-1.
Ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1920 ho fihlela ka bo-1950, ho ts'oanngoa ha metse ka potlako le tsoelo-pele ea literene e ile ea etsa hore Kinshasa e be motse oa likoloi, ka hona ho lumella ho ata ha HIV-1 hohle naheng eo le ka morao ho Afrika Bochabela le Boroa.
Boitsebiso ba liphatsa tsa lefutso bo siiloeng ka nako ena bo fetisitsoe ka mokhoa o hlakileng oa kokoana-hloko ho pholletsa le DRC (naha e batlang e le boholo ba Europe Bophirimela) ha batho ba ne ba tsamaea tseleng ea terene le litseleng tsa metsing ho ea metseng ea Mbuji-Mayi le Lubumbashi ka boroa le Kisangani ka leboea .
Pakeng tsa lilemo tsa bo-1950 le bo-1960, tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa hypodermic tse sa tsitsang li-clinic tse tšoaetsanoang ka ho kopanela liphate le ho eketseha ha khoebo ea ho kopanela liphate e ne e le tse ling tsa lisosa tsa ho ata ha likokoana-hloko, haholoholo metseng ea merafo moo ho neng ho e-na le ) basebetsi ba phahameng ba fallang.
Nakong ea lilemo tse 20, mekhoa ea ho tsamaisa kokoana-hloko ea ho fetisetsa likokoana-hloko 'e ne e sa sebetse, empa e ne e le ea bohlokoa haholo. Qalong ea bo-1970, peo ea seoa sena e ne e se e jetsoe hantle 'me e potlakela ho ea Amerika Leboea le Europe ka lebaka la ho eketseha ha moea le maoatle.
Ho fihlela ka 1981, mafu a qalang a AIDS a ile a khetholloa United States, a lateloa ke ho aroloa ha kokoana-hloko ea HIV-1 ka 1983. Kajeno, ka lebaka la seoa sa lefatše lohle, ho na le tšoaetso e ka bang limilione tse 75, e hlahisang ka holimo ho 30 limilione tse shoeleng. Ho tloha ka 2016, Lenaneo le Kopaneng la machaba a Kopaneng la HIV / AIDS le tlaleha hore batho ba fetang limilione tse 36 ba tsebahala ba phela le lefu lena lefatšeng lohle.
Lisebelisoa
Gao, F .; Bailes, E .; Chen, Y .; et al. "Tšimoloho ea HIV-1 ea li-chimpanzi Pan troglodytes troglodytes." Tlhaho . La 4 February, 1999; 397 (6718): 385-386.
Bedford, M ;; Ward, A .; Tatem, J .; Sousa, et al. "Ho qala ho ata le seoa sa tšoaetso ea HIV-1 bathong ba batho." Saense . La 3 October, 2014; 346 (6205): 56-61.
Mokhatlo o Kopaneng oa Machaba a Kopaneng oa HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Litlaleho tsa Lefatše - Tlaleho ea UNAIDS ka seoa sa AIDS sa lefatše ka 2013." 2013; Geneva, Switzerland.
Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse (CDC). Pneumocystis pneumonia - Los Angeles. " Tlhaselo le ho shoa ha beke le beke (MMWR) 1981; Atlanta, Georgia.
Barré-Sinoussi, F .; Chermann, J .; Rey, F .; et al. "Ho aroloa ha T-lymphotropic retroviru s ho tloha mokuli ea kotsing ea ho fumana lefu la ho itšireletsa mafung (AIDS)." Saense. La 20 May, 1983, 220 (4599): 868-871.