Metse ea US e nang le litekanyetso tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa le tse fokolang ka ho fetisisa
Lintho tse kotsi tsa HIV ke litšobotsi tse behang motho kotsing e kholo kapa e monyenyane ea ho fumana (kapa ho fetisetsa) HIV . Ka kakaretso re nka seo ho bolela e 'ngoe ea lintho tse' nè:
- Moloko oa motho
- Boikutlo ba thobalano
- Litloaelo tsa botona le botšehali (mohlala, thobalano e ts'oanelang ho etsa thobalano , thobalano ea molomo
- Mekhoa e meng e ka eketsang kapa ea fokotsa monyetla oa tšoaetso (mohlala, likhohlopo , tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi , ts'oaetso ea li-antiretroviral )
Lintho tse kotsi tsa HIV ha li reretsoe ho bolela hore na motho o tla tšoaetsoa ke eng; ho e-na le hoo ba ikemiselitse ho totobatsa tšoaetso ea motho ho HIV e le hore a nke mehato ea ho fokotsa kotsi. Esita le ha maemo a mang a sa fetoloe-joalo ka morabe kapa ho kopanela liphate-a ka re thusa ho etsa kahlolo e tsebang ho latela hore na kokoana-hloko e ata joang har'a batho ba rona kapa sehlopha sa rona.
E 'ngoe ea mabaka a kotsi ao re sa atisang ho bua ka' ona, bonyane ka bomong, ke hore na o lula hokae ka kotloloho likotsing tsa HIV, ka ho toba le ka tsela e sa tobang.
HIV e na le Mafu a Mahaeng
HIV e lula e le lefu la litoropo ka kakaretso. Hangata ho na le metse e meholo e nang le baahi ba fetang 500 000 'me haholo-holo lichabeng tse sitoang ho itšireletsa ka HIV feela empa ho tse ling tse tšoaetsanoang.
Le hoja matla a tšoaetso a ka fapana ho tloha sebakeng se seng ho ea ho se seng, mafu a seoa a atisa ho bakoa ke bofutsana, ho hloka litšebeletso tse khethehileng tsa HIV, le karabo e fokolang ea bophelo ba sechaba sechabeng sa moo.
US, tekanyo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea ts'oaetso ea HIV e ncha e ka Boroa, moo batho ba 18,5 ho batho ba 100 000 ba nang le ts'oaetso. Sena se lateloa haufi-ufi ke Bochabela bo Hare (14.2) le Bophirimela (11.2).
Ho tšoenyeha ka ho eketsehileng, tse robong tse bolelang hore South e boetse e tlaleha karolo ea 40 lekholong ea tšoaetso e ncha ho sa tsotellehe hore e emetse karolo ea 28 lekholong feela ea baahi ba United States.
Ho ea ka Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse (CDC), literekeng tsa metse e nang le tšoaetso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea HIV (e leng, palo ea HIV e ncha) ke:
- Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
- New Orleans, Louisiana
- Jackson, Mississippi
- Orlando, Florida
- Memphis, Tennessee
- Atlanta, Georgia
- Columbus, South Carolina
- Jacksonville, Florida
- Baltimore, Maryland
- Houston, Texas
- San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Tampa-St. Petersburg, Florida
- Motse oa New York City-Newark-Jersey, New York-New Jersey
- Little Rock, Arkansas
- Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-Maryland-West Virginia
- Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas
- Charleston, South Carolina
- Las Vegas, Nevada
- Los Angeles, California
Setšoantšo se fetoha hanyenyane ha u sheba tšoaetso ea HIV metseng ea US. Ho fapana le tekanyo ea sekhahla, palo ena e re bolella hore na batho ba bakae ba 100 000 ba tšoaelitsoe kae sebakeng se itseng sa motse-moholo.
Metse ea US e nang le tšoaetso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea HIV (palo ea linyeoe ho baahi ba 100 000) ke:
- Miami (1,046)
- San Francisco (1,032)
- Fort Lauderdale (925.8)
- Philadelphia (881.9)
- New York City (859,7)
- Baltimore (678.5)
- New Orleans (673,3)
- Washington, DC (622.8)
- Newark (605.7)
- Jackson, Mississippi (589.7)
- San Juan, Puerto Rico (583.2)
- West Palm Beach (579.4)
- Baton Rouge (560)
- Memphis (543,5)
- Columbus, South Carolina (509.1)
- Atlanta (506.6)
- Los Angeles (465,2)
- Orlando (460.7)
- Jacksonville (451.4)
- Detroit (410.7)
Kamoo Karabo ea Motse e ka Eketsang Kateng, E fokotsa Lichelete tsa HIV
Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ho ata ha HIV ha ho bolele ho fetolela palo e phahameng ea tšoaetso e ncha. Esita le metseng e meng e nang le tšoaetso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea tšoaetso ea HIV, karabo e sebetsang ea bophelo bo botle ea sechaba e ka fokotsa kotsi ea phetisetso ea pele.
Nka San Francisco, ka mohlala, motse o ileng oa arabela seoa sena ka ho fetoha oa pele oa ho etela tlhahlobo le kalafo ka selemo sa 2010.
Ho sa tsotellehe tšebetso ea bobeli ea tšoaetso ea HIV ho feta US, tlhaloso e mabifi ea motse e ile ea fella ka ho theoha ha tšoaetso e ncha, e otla nako e telele ea 302 feela ka 2015. Ho lumeloa hore ho sebelisoa ha HIV PrEP hohle (pele -exposure prophylaxis) e ka fokotsa litefiso le ho feta.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho haelloa ke karabo e kopanetsoeng ho ka baka tšoaetsano esita leha ho e-na le libaka tse nyane, tse sa lulang litoropong. Re bone sena ka 2015 toropong ea Austin, Indiana (baahi ba 4,295), moo ho ileng ha tlalehoa linyeoe tse fetang 100 tsa HIV har'a basebelisi ba lithethefatsi ba neng ba arolelana lisebelisoa ha ba ntse ba nka oxymorphone ea lithethefatsi. Ho qhoma ho ile ha boleloa hore karolo e khōlō ho thibelo ea mmuso lenaneong la phapanyetsano ea linale (NEPs) e etselitsoeng ho thibela tšoaetso e joalo.
Ha ho makatse hore ebe ho boleloa hore ho na le likhaello tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa HIV le tsona tse thibelang li-NEP (ho akarelletsa Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas), 'me sena ho sa tsotellehe bopaki bo bongata ba saense bo bontšang hore li-NEP li atleha ho thibela maloetse a nang le mali phetiso.
Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ba bolelang hore ha ba e-s'o amohele mekhatlo ea Medicaid, e etselitsoeng ho fana ka tlhokomelo e kholo ea bophelo ba baahi ba tlaase, ba har'a ba nang le likhaello tsa HIV (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas).
Ho ea ka Li-Centers tsa Budget le Ts'ebetso ea Pele, ho amoheloa ha Medicaid ho atolosa ho fa batho ba phelang le tšoaetso ea HIV monyetla o moholo oa ho fumana phekolo feela empa ho sa tsotellehe hore na ba hlokomeloa ka nako e kae.
Naheng ea Massachusetts, ka mohlala, liphetoho tse feletseng tsa bophelo bo botle li ekelitse tlhokomelo le phekolo ea HIV ho karolo ea 91 lekholong ea baahi ba phelang le tšoaetso ea HIV, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ba HIV le lichelete tse amanang le HIV ka $ 1.5 limilione tse likete.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Alabama e ne e lokela ho nka karolo ea 25 lekholong ea ADAP (AIDS Drug Assistance Program) ea lichelete ho tsoa licheleteng tsa mmuso ka 2011-tse ngata tse neng li ka fetisetsa mananeong a mang a bophelo bo botle ho tloha ha karolo ea 81 lekholong ea ba ADAP e ne e le ea bohlokoa.
Bohle bo boletse, karolo e fetang halofo ea batho ba sa fumanehang le ba nang le chelete e tlase ba phelang le tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko ea HIV ba lula linaheng tse hanelang ho eketseha ha Medicaid. Ba bangata ba lumellana le hore ho hanyetsa ho tsoelang pele ho e-na le ba hlokang haholo-har'a bona, Maafrika-Maamerika le banna ba bong bo fapaneng le ba bong bo fapaneng-le kotsi e kholo ea tšoaetso, bokuli le lefu.
Metse e nang le Litlhapi tse fokolang ka ho fetisisa tsa HIV
Ho ea ka CDC, ho ata ha HIV ts'ebetsong e seng metse ea metse ea United States ho mathela linyeoe tse 112.1 ka 100,000. Har'a metse e 107 e kenyelletsoeng tlalehong ea eona ea 2015, tse tšeletseng feela li oetse ka tlas'a monyako ona:
- Boise, Idaho (71.7)
- Rapid City, Michigan (100.1)
- Fayetteville, Arkansas (108,8); Madison,
- Hotele Wisconsin (110)
- Ogden, Utah (48.6)
- Provo, Utah (26.9)
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, metse e 10 ea US e nang le tšoaetso e tlaase ka ho fetisisa ea HIV ke:
- Provo, Utah
- Spokane, Washington
- Ogden, Utah
- Boise, Idaho
- Modesto, California
- Worcester, Massachusetts
- Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
- Madison, Wisconsin
- Scranton-Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
- Knoxville, Tennessee
> Mehloli:
> Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Bongaka. "Boemo ba Litsamaiso tsa Mekhoa ea Mekhoa ea Lipolotiki Linaheng Tsa US." JAMA. Ka March 2016; 18 (3): 252-257.
> Litsi tsa Balisemane le Lintho tsa Bohlokoa Pele Leano. "Medicaid e tla ntlafatsa liphello, litšenyehelo tse tlaase bakeng sa batho ba nang le tšoaetso ea HIV." Washington, DC; e hatisitsoeng ka la 11 October, 2012.
> Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse. (2015) Tlhahlobo ea HIV, 2014 (Buka ea 16). Atlanta, Georgia: CDC.
> Snider, J .; Juday, T .; Romley, J .; et al. "Hoo e ka bang ba 60 000 ba sa ts'ehetsoeng le batho ba fokolang chelete e nyenyane ba nang le HIV / AIDS ba phelang libakeng tse sa phapanyetseng maikutlo." Litaba tsa bophelo bo botle. March 2014; 33 (3): 386-393.