GP 120, GP 41, le GP 160
HIV ke kokoana-hloko e koahetsoeng. Seo se etsa hore se fapane le li-retrovirus tse ling tse ngata. Ha se na liprotheine feela. Ho e-na le hoo, ha HIV e tsoa seleng e amohelehang e nka karolo ea sele ea mali ea sele eo le eona. Monoana oo o fetoha enfelopo ea HIV. Leha ho le joalo, enfelopo ea HIV ha e etsoe feela ka likarolo tse tsoang ho motho ea amohelang. E boetse e entsoe ka liprotheine tsa HIV.
Liprotheine tse nang le HIV li akarelletsa gp 41, gp 120 le gp 160.
GP e emetse "glycoprotein". Li-glycoproteine li na le lik'habohaedreite, kapa tsoekere, likaroloana hammoho le protheine ea morao. Nomoro ka mor'a gp e bolele bolelele ba liprotheine.
Tlhokomeliso: Hase li-glycoproteine tsohle tse amanang le likokoana-hloko. Liprotheine tse ngata tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsamaisong ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung li boetse li na le glycoprotein. Ho joalo le ka liprotheine tse ling tse ngata tse fumanoang 'meleng oa motho.
Protheine ea gp 120 e ka 'na ea tsebahala haholo liprotheine tsa enfelopo ea HIV. Liente tse 'maloa tsa HIV li lekile ho e lebisa. Ke habohlokoa haholo ho kopanngoa ha HIV ho CD4 lisele . Bafuputsi ba bangata ba lumela hore haeba ba khona ho thibela gp 120 ho tlamisa, ba tla khona ho fokotsa tšoaetso ea HIV.
Ho phaella ho gp 120, gp 41 e boetse e le ea bohlokoa ho thusa ho kenella ha HIV ho lisele tse amohelehang. E thusa lehare la likokoana-hloko le fuse ea lisele. Ena ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ts'ebetso ea tšoaetso. Ho foma ha lisele tse peli ke mohato oa pele oa ho lokolla RNA ea kokoana-hloko ka seleng bakeng sa ho ipheta-pheta.
Ha e le hantle, fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide e hlile e sebetsa ka ho kena-kenana le gp 41. Gp 41 ke hape protheine e bolokang gp 120 e khomaretse enfelopo ea kokoana-hloko. E lutse ka membrane ebe e tlama ho gp 120. GP 120 ha e amme ka enfelopo ka ho toba.
GP 160 ha e le hantle ke karolo ea boraro ea protheine ea HIV.
Ho e-na le hoo, gp 160 ke pele ho gp 120 le gp 41. Protheine e khōloanyane e ngotsoe ke envete (envelope). Joale e aroloa likotoana tse peli tse nyenyane ka lik'hemik'hale ka seleng e amohelehang - 120 + 41 = 161. (Ka linako tse ling GP 160 e fetisetsoa ho fapana le gp 120 le gp 41. Leha ho le joalo, seo se khelosa.)
Karolo ea HIV ho kena le ho fokotsa tšoaetso
Liprotheine tsa HIV tse nang le likokoana-hloko li na le karolo ea bohlokoa ho keneng ka HIV le ho fokotsa tšoaetso. Li boetse li ka ba tsa bohlokoa haholo ho thibela le kalafo. Leha ho le joalo, ka thahasellisang, taba ea liprotheine tsa enfelopo ea HIV e atisa ho hlaha litabeng tsa tlhahlobo ea HIV. Ka mohlala, Bophelo ba Bophirimela ha bo nkoa e le tšoaetso e hlakileng ea HIV ntle leha motho a e-na le li-antibodies khahlanong le liprotheine tse peli tsa HIV le liprotheine tsa mantlha ea HIV.
Hape ho na le lintho tse amehileng ka hore na liteko tsa kokoana-hloko ea HIV li ka ama mekhoa ea ho etsa liteko joang. Palo e ntseng e eketseha ea batho ba kileng ba kenya letsoho litsing tsena e ka lebisa litekong tse ngata tsa bokooa ba HIV khahlanong le tšoaetso ea HIV. Hangata liente li etselitsoe ho etsa hore 'mele o etse li-antibodies khahlanong le liprotheine tse khethehileng, tse kang liprotheine tsa enfelopo ea HIV. Kaha li-antibodies tseo ke tsona tseo e seng tsa RNA tsa tlhahlobo ea HIV, li ka lebisa ho bohata.
Sena ke ntho e 'ngoe eo ho thoeng motho a ka ba le boikutlo bo botle ha a boetse a hlahisa li-antibodies ho liprotheine tse ka sehloohong ho ka thusa ho thibela.
Haeba u kenya letsoho tekong ea thibelo ea HIV, bolella ngaka ea hau. U lokela hape ho boloka litlaleho tse hlokolosi tsa ho ba le karolo. Ho ka etsahala hore mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho hlahloba HIV e ke ke ea hlola e nepahala ho uena.
Mohloli:
Cooper CJ, Metch B, Dragavon J, Coombs RW, Baden LR; NIAID HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) Lefu la Tšebeliso ea Ts'oaetso ea HIV (Vacup-Induced Seropositivity). Tšebelisano ea thibelo ea HIV ea kokoana-hloko / reactivity ho ba nang le tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko ea HIV e sa tšoaetsoeng. JAMA. 2010 la 21 21; 304 (3): 275-83.