Lihlopha tse ncha tsa lithethefatsi li fana ka matla a ho laola likokoana-hloko
Phekolo ea lefu la tsoekere ea mofuta oa 2 e fetotsoe lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng ka ho kenngoa ha meriana e mecha, litlelase tsa lithethefatsi le litsela tsa phekolo. Khatelo-pele ena e fana ka diabetics tse fapaneng tsa mekhoa ea phekolo e khonang ho fana ka ts'ebetso e matla ea phekolo ea mali ka nako e telele.
Meriana e amohelehang e senyehile ke sehlopha sa lithethefatsi, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e fana ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea liketso.
DPP-4 Inhibitors
Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors e sebetsa ka ho thibela enzyme ea DPP-4 e senyang hormone incretin. Lisebelisoa li thusa 'mele hore o hlahise insulin e eketsehileng ha ho hlokahala ebile e fokotsa boholo ba tsoekere e hlahisoang ke sebete ha e sa hlokahale. Hona joale ho na le li-inhibitor tse hlano tsa DPP-4 tse amoheloang ke US Food and Drug Administration (FDA):
- Januvia (sitagliptin)
- Galvus (vildagliptin)
- Onglyza (saxagliptin)
- Tradjenta (linagliptin)
- Nesina (alogliptin)
Incretin Mimetics
Joaloka lebitso la bona, incretin mimetics e sebetsa ka ho etsisa ketso ea li-incretins ho susumetsa tlhahiso ea insulin . Li boetse li fokotsa tekanyo ea ts'ebetso e le hore tšelo ea mali e kenelle mali butle-butle.
Ho na le mefuta e mehlano ea incretin mimetics e amoheloang ke FDA e nang le ente e sebelisoang ke batho ba sa khoneng ho laola tsoekere ea mali ka meriana ea molomo:
- Byetta (exenatide)
- Victoza (liraglutide)
- Trulicity (dulaglutide)
- Tanzeum (albiglutide)
- Lyxumia (lixisenatide)
E boetse e tsejoa e le li-agonists tsa GLP-1 , meriana e sebelisoa hammoho le meriana ea molomo ebe e kena lipakeng tsa injector tse khethehileng. Ha li na insulin kapa li sebelisoa sebakeng sa insulin.
Sodium e khethiloeng-Glucose Transporter-2 Inhibitors
Li-inhibitor tse khethiloeng ka sodium-glucose-2 (SSGT-2) li khona ho fokotsa tsoekere ea mali ka ho etsa hore liphio li ntše tsoekere 'meleng ka mokokotlo.
Ho na le likhetho tse tharo tsa meriana tse amohelehang ka FDA:
- Menyetla (canagliflozin)
- Farxiga (dapagliflozin)
- Jardiance (empagliflozin)
Amylin Analogs
Li-analogs tsa Amylin ke li-hormone amylin tse sebelisoang ke batho tse sebelisoang ke lik'hemik'hale ho fokotsa tsoekere ea mali. Li-analogs tsa Amylin li boetse li fanoa ka ente 'me li sebelisoa hammoho le insulin bakeng sa taolo e matla ea mali ea tsoekere. Hona joale ho na le kgetho e le 'ngoe e amohelehang ea FDA:
- Symlin (pramlintide acetate)
Sulfonylureas
Sulfonylureas ke meriana ea khale ka ho fetisisa ea lefu la tsoekere, 'me ho fihlela ka 1995, ke tsona feela tse fumanehang bakeng sa ho laola mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere oa mofuta oa 2. Sulfonylureas e sebetsa ka ho susumelletsa likokoana-hloko ho ntša insulin e ngata maling.
Ho na le meloko e mengata ea sulfonylureas; ea bobeli le ea boraro ke eona e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa. Ho bao hona joale ba amoheloang ke FDA:
- Moloko oa pele: Orinase (tolbutamide), Tolinase (tolazamide) le Diabinese (chlorpropamide)
- Moloko oa bobeli: Glucotrol (glipizide), Micronase (glyburide), le Diabeta (glyburide)
- Moloko oa boraro: Amaryl (glimepiride)
Biguanides
Biguanides e theola boholo ba tsoekere e hlahisoang ke sebete ha e ntse e etsa hore 'mele o amohele insulin. Ho na le lihlahisoa tse peli tse amohelehang tsa FDA tsa moriana o tšoanang:
- Glucophage (metformin)
- Glucophage XR (metformin e lokolloa ka nako e telele)
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors e liehisa phetoho ea lik'habohaedreite ho ea phatla nakong ea ts'ebetso. Sena se thusa ho laola litekanyetso tsa tšelo ea mali le ho thibela tsoekere ka ho phahama haholo. Ho na le dikgetho tse peli tse amoheloang ke FDA:
- Precose (acarbose)
- Glyset (miglitol)
Thiazolidinediones
Thiazolidinediones e matlafatsa lisele tsa mesifa le mafura hore li amohele insulin haholoanyane habonolo. Ka bobeli ho na le likotsi tse ling tsa bophelo bo botle tse hlokang litsebi tsa litsebi pele ho kalafo FDA e amohetse lithethefatsi tse peli tsa thiazolidinedione US:
- Avandia (rosiglitazone)
- Actos (pioglitazone)
Ka May 2007, FDA e ntšitse tlhokomeliso ea polokeho mabapi le kotsi ea likotsi tsa pelo le liketsahalo tse ling tsa pelo ha u nka Avandia. Matšoenyeho a joalo a ile a etsa hore ho thibeloe Avandia le Actos Fora le Jeremane.
Meglitinides
Meglitinides e ka thusa ho susumetsa tlhahiso ea insulin haeba ho na le tsoekere maling. Haeba tsoekere ea mali e tlaase, meriana ha e sebetse haholo. Likhetho tse amohelehang ka FDA li kenyelletsa:
- Prandin (repaglinide)
- Starlix (nateglinide)
> Mohloli:
> Tsamaiso ea Tsamaiso ea Lijo le Meriana ea US. "Meriana ea lefu la tsoekere ea FDA-Approved." Silver Spring, Maryland.