Seo e se Etsang le kamoo se se sebelisang kateng
Insulin ke hormone e nang le letsoho ka mekhoa e mengata 'meleng oa hau. Hase feela ho thusa ka metabolizing lik'habohaedreite le ho boloka tsoekere bakeng sa matla lisele, hape ho thusa ho sebelisa mafura, liprotheine le liminerale tse ling tseo u li jang. Hobane hormone ena ke ea bohlokoa haholo ho thusa 'mele oa hau hore o sebelise lijo tseo u li jang, bothata ba insulin bo ka ba le liphello tse atileng mefuteng eohle ea' mele oa hao, lisele le litho tsa 'mele-ebang ke ka ho toba kapa ka tsela e sa tobang.
Haeba u na le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2, ho ithuta kamoo insulin e sebetsang kateng ho ka u thusang ho utloisisa hore na ke hobane'ng ha maemo a mangata a bophelo a amana le lefu la tsoekere, ke hobane'ng ha mekhoa e meng ea bophelo e le molemo, le hore na 'mele oa hao o sebetsana le lijo joang.
Moo insulin e hlahisoang teng
Insulin ke hormone e entsoeng ka protheine e nyenyane ea polypeptide e pateletsoeng ke liphakaretsi, tse sebetsang ka bobeli e le sekoti sa endocrine le sekoti sa exocrine. Litšoelesa tsa endocrine ke mokhoa oa litšoelesa tse bolokang li-hormone ho laola mesebetsi ea 'mele, ha litšoelesa tsa exocrine li thusa ho tsuba.
Li-pancrease li lutse ka mor'a mpa, tse nang le lehare la duodenum (karolo ea pele ea mala a manyenyane), 'me e na le lihlopha tsa lisele tse bitsoang lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans. Lihlekehleke li entsoe ka lisele tsa beta, tse hlahisang le ho lokolla insulin maling.
Kamoo insulin e sebetsang kateng
Insulin e ama lik'habohaedreite, liprotheine le mafura a metabolism. 'Mele oa hao o senya limatlafatsi tsena ka limolek'hule tsa tsoekere, limolek'hule tsa amino acid le limolek'hule tsa lipid.
'Mele o ka boela oa boloka limolek'hule tsena hape tsa li fetola mefuta e rarahaneng. Insulin e baka polokelo ea limatlafatsi tsena, ha hormone e 'ngoe ea pancreatic e bitsoang glucagon e ba lokolla ho tloha polokelong.
Insulin e kenyeletsa mmele oa 'mele oa hao oa ho leka-lekana ho leka ho boloka tsoekere ea mali ea hao ka har'a mefuta e tloaelehileng.
Ka mantsoe a bonolo:
- Haeba tsoekere ea hao ea mali e phahame : Lik'hamera li ntša insulin ho thusa lisele hore li amohele tsoekere e tsoang mali ho fokotsa tsoekere ea mali.
- Haeba tsoekere ea mali ea hau e tlaase : Lik'hasekere li ntša glucagon ho thusa sebete ho lokolloa tsoekere e bolokiloeng ka mali ho hlahisa tsoekere ea mali.
Likhahla tsa tsoekere ea mali li phahama ha lijo tse ngata li ja, empa li phahama ka potlako le ka matla haholo ka lik'habohaedreite . Tsamaiso ea ho senya lijo e ntša tsoekere e tsoang lijong le limolek'hule tsa tsoekere li kenngoa ka mali. Maqhubu a phallang a tsoekere a bonahatsa lik'hemik'hale ho boloka insulin ho hlakola tsoekere ea mali. Insulin e tlama ka methapo ea insulin holim'a lisele tsa sele 'me e sebetsa e le senotlolo sa ho bula lisele hore li fumane glucose. Li-receptor tsa insulin li na le hoo e batlang e le lik'hemik'hale tsohle, ho akarelletsa lisele tsa mesifa le lisele tse mafura.
Li-receptin tse amohelang li-insulin li na le likarolo tse peli tse ka sehloohong-likarolo tsa ka hare le tsa hare. Karolo ea ka ntle e fetela ka ntle ho sele ebe e tlama ka insulin. Ha sena se etsahala, karolo e ka hare ea mokelikeli e romela letšoao ka hare ho seleng bakeng sa li-transporter tsa li-glucose ho ea bokella holim'a metsi le ho amohela tsoekere . Ha tsoekere ea mali le mafura a insulin a fokotseha, li-receptors ha li na letho 'me li-transporters li khutlela ka seleng.
Insulin le Mofuta oa 2 oa lefu la tsoekere
Boemong bo phethahetseng, tsoekere ea lik'habohaedreite e tlosoa ka potlako. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho e-na le insulin ho hanyetsa (lisele li e-ba khahlanong le insulin), sena ha se etsahale ebile se boloka maemong a phahameng a tsoekere e ba bothata. Ho hanyetsa insulin ho ka bakoa ke bothata bo nang le sebōpeho sa insulin (ho thibela ho amohela li-receptor), ho se na li-receptor tse lekaneng, mathata a ho bontša, kapa li-transporter tse sa sebetseng hantle. Ho phaella moo, insulin ho hanyetsa ho ka etsahala ha motho a e-na le boima bo feteletseng kapa mafura. Mafura a sitisa insulin hore a se ke a etsa mosebetsi oa eona, hoo e ka bang ho etsa hore e be ntho e sitisang motho hore a sebetse.
Ho sa tsotellehe hore na lebaka le tobileng ke lefe, mosebetsi oa insulin o fokola.
Ho hanyetsa insulin ho hlaha pele mofuta oa 2 oa lefu la tsoekere o fumanoa . Ho etsa insulin e sa sebetseng haholo, lik'hamphani li sebetsa nako e fetang ho feta ho eketsa tlhahiso ea insulin. Qetellong, tse ling tsa insulin tse sebetsang le tsoekere ea mali li lula li tloaelehile ka nakoana. Ha insulin e hanyetsa 'me liphaka-mafu li ke ke tsa tsoela pele ho e-na le tlhokahalo, litekanyetso tsa tsoekere li qala ho phahama' me lefu la tsoekere le fumanoa ha maemo a phahame haholo. Ha boemo bo ntse bo tsoela pele, ho thata haholo hore li-pancreas li sebetse 'me hang-hang lisele tsena tsa insulin li theoha kapa li senyehe ebe li shoa.
Kamoo e Amang Metabolism ea Mafura
Li-carbohydrate le mafura a metabolism li amana haufi le 'me li susumetsoa ke insulin. Haeba insulin e sa sebetse hantle, mathata a ka hlaha. Ka mohlala, litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa insulin li ka romela lipontšo tse fosahetseng bokong. Lipontšo tsena li bolella boko hore ho na le insulin e feteletseng le hore lisele tsa hau li bolaoa ke tlala ea tsoekere. E le karabo, boko ba hao bo hlahisa lik'habohaedreite, bo etsa hore 'mele oa hao o boloke mafura,' me o laela lik'habohaedreite hore li chesoe bakeng sa matla ho e-na le mafura a 'mele. Ena ke e 'ngoe ea mabaka a ho lahleheloa ke boima ba' mele ho ka ba thata ha u e-na le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2.
Insulin e boetse e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho nts'etsong ea maemo a phahameng a triglyceride:
- Sebeteng : Insulin e susumetsa pōpo le polokelo ea glycogen ho tloha ka tsoekere. Likhomo tse phahameng tsa insulin li etsa hore sebete se khotsofatsoe ke glycogen. Ha sena se etsahala, sebete se hana ho bolokoa hape. Ho sebelisoa tsoekere ho e-na le ho etsa mafura a acids a fetoletsoeng lipoprotein 'me a lokolloa ka mali. Tsena li senyeha ka mafura a mafura 'me li sebelisoa lithong tse ling. Likokoana-hloko tse ling li sebelisa tsena ho etsa triglycerides .
- Li-Celtic Fat : Insulin e emisa ho senyeha ha mafura 'me e thibela ho senyeha ha triglycerides ho mafura a mafura. Ha glucose e kena lisele tsena, e ka sebelisoa ho theha motsoako o bitsoang glycerol. Glycerol e ka sebelisoa hammoho le mafura a mangata a mahala ho sebete ho etsa triglycerides. Sena se ka etsa hore triglycerides e hahe ka lisele tse mafura.
Kamoo e Amang Liprotheine le Liminerale
Insulin e thusa amino acid ho tloha ho protheine ho kenya lisele. Ha ts'ebetso ena e sitisoa, e ka etsa hore ho be thata ho haha mesifa ea mesifa.
Insulin e boetse e etsa hore lisele tse ngata li amohele potassium, magnesium le phosphate. Lintho tsena li boetse li tsejoa e le electrolyte, tse thusang ho tsamaisa motlakase ka har'a 'mele. Li na le tšusumetso ea mesifa e sebetsang, mali ea pH le palo ea metsi 'meleng oa hau. Ho se leka-lekane ha elektrolyte ho ka mpefala ka lebaka la tsoekere e phahameng ea mali kaha sena se ka etsa hore ho be le metsi a mangata le ho lahleheloa ke electrolyte.
Kamoo U ka Thusang Insulin Ho Sebetsa Hantle
Mekhoa ena e ka u thusa ho eketsa kutloisiso ea insulin le ho fokotsa insulin ho hanyetsa:
- Ho eketsa mokhoa oa bophelo oa lefu la tsoekere ho fetola bophelo ba hau.
- Koetlisa kamehla .
- Fumana morero oa ho ja o u sebetsang.
Thepa
Joalokaha u ka bona, insulin e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho laola metabolism. Haeba u na le lefu la tsoekere kapa u tseba motho ea etsang joalo, ho utloisisa hore na insulin e etsa'ng le hore na e sebetsa joang ho ka u thusa hore u ntlafatse lefu la tsoekere .
> Mohloli
> Hess-Fischl, Amy. Lefu la tsoekere: Eng ke insulin? Endocrineweb.
> Pancreas ea Endocrine. Univesithing ea Berkley, California.
> Pathophysiology ea tsamaiso ea Endocrine, liphello tsa Physiologic ea Insulin. Colorado State University.