Ke Hobane'ng ha Li-Capillaries li Etsa Mokhoa oa Potoloho?
Li-Capillaries ke lijana tse nyenyane ka ho fetisisa tsa mali 'meleng, li kopanya methapo e nyane ka ho fetisisa ho methapong e nyenyane ka ho fetisisa. Hangata likepe tsena li bitsoa "microcirculation."
Sebaka sa Capillaries
Li-Capillaries li tšesaane haholo, li ka bang lik'hilograma tse hlano ka bophara, 'me li na le likarolo tse peli feela tsa lisele; karolo e ka hare ea lisele tsa endothelial le lera la ka ntle la lisele tsa epithelial.
Li nyenyane hoo lisele tse khubelu tsa mali li hlokang ho phalla ka eona faele e le 'ngoe. Haeba li-capillari tsohle tse 'meleng oa motho li ne li koaletsoe ka faele e le' ngoe, moeli o ne o tla otlolla lik'hilomithara tse fetang 100 000. Ho hakanngoa hore ho na le li-capillari tse libilione tse 40 ka 'mele oa motho ka kakaretso. Ho pota-potile lisele tsa lisele ho na le ntho e bitsoang mokotla o ka tlaase, e leng lera la protheine tse potolohileng capillary.
Li-Capillaries Tsamaisong ea Circulatory
Li-Capillaries li ka 'na tsa nkoa e le karolo e ka sehloohong ea papatso. Mali a siea pelo ka methapo ea aorta le ea pulmonary ho ea mosebetsing 'ohle le ho matšoafo ka tsela e latellanang. Meriana ena e meholo e fetoha li-arterioles tse nyenyane 'me qetellong e fokotsehile ho etsa boto ea capillary. Ho tswa ho li-capillaries, mali a phalla ka har'a likokoana-hloko tse nyenyane ebe joale o kena metsing, a khutlela pelong.
Mosebetsi oa Capillaries
Li-capillaries li na le boikarabelo ba ho tsamaisa lipalangoang le phapanyetsano ea lik'hemik'hale, metsi le limatlafatsi 'meleng.
Cheseho ea Gas
Matšoafo, oksijene e fapana le alveoli ho ea ho li-capillare ho kopanngoa le hemoglobin le ho tsamaisoa 'meleng oohle. Carbon dioxide (ho tswa ho deoxygenated blood) le eona e phalla ho tswa ho capillaries ho khutlela ho alveoli e le hore e fetoloe tikolohong.
Sesebelisoa sa Matla le Matla
Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, metsi le limatlafatsi li fetela ka li-capillari tse khonang ho itšireletsa ka har'a metsoako ea 'mele,' me lihlahisoa tsa lihlahisoa li kenngoa li-capillaries hore li tsamaisoe ka methapo ho liphio le sebete moo li sebetsanang le ho tlosoa 'meleng.
Mefuta ea Capillaries
Ho na le mefuta e meraro e ka sehloohong ea capillare:
- Tsoelo-pele - Li-capillari ha li na li-perforations 'me li lumella limolek'hule tse nyenyane feela ho feta. Li teng ka mesifa, letlalo, mafura, le mesifa ea methapo.
- Fenestrated - Tsena li-capillari li na le li-pores tse nyenyane tse lumellang limolek'hule tse nyenyane ho ea ka 'mala le malapeng a tsona, liphio le litšoelesa tsa endocrine.
- Sinusoidal kapa discontinuous - Li-capillari tsena li na le li-pores tse khōlō tse bulehileng-tse kholo ho lekaneng ho lumella sele ea mali ho feta. Li teng mongoaneng oa masapo, li-lymph nodes, le spleen, 'me, ha e le hantle, ke "leakiest" ea capillaries.
- Tšitiso ea mali-ea boko - Ka har'a tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo ea capillaries e etsa hore e tsejoe e le thibelo ea mali-ea boko . Thibelo ena e fokotsa bokhoni ba chefo (le, ka bomalimabe, lik'hemik'hale tse ngata tsa chemotherapy) ho fetela bokong.
Li-Capillaries li phalla mali
Kaha mali a phalla ka li-capillaries a phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho boloka 'mele, u ka' na ua ipotsa hore na ho etsahala'ng ha mali a fetoha, ka mohlala, haeba khatello ea mali ea hao e ka theoha ( hypotension .) Libethe tsa capillary li laoloa ka ho hong ho bitsoa autoregulation, e le hore haeba khatello ea mali e ne e tla theoha, ho phalla ka har'a capillaries ho tla tsoela pele ho fana ka oksijene le limatlafatsi meleng ea 'mele.
Ka boikoetliso, libethe tse ling tsa capillary li kenngoa matšoafong ho lokisetsa tlhokahalo e eketsehileng ea oksijene likarolong tsa 'mele.
Phallo ea mali li-capillaries e laoloa ke precapillary sphincters. Ssphincter ea pele ke mesifa ea mesifa e laolang ho tsamaea ha mali pakeng tsa arterioles le capillaries.
Capillary Microcirculation
Ts'ebetsong ea mocheso o tsamaeang pakeng tsa capillaries le mahlahahlaha a mabeli a potolohileng a khethoa ke ho lekanngoa ha mabotho a mabeli: khatello ea hydrostatic le khatello ea osmotic.
Ka lehlakoreng le nang le mahlaseli a capillary, khatello ea hydrostatic (khatello e tsoang pelong ea pompong ea mali le elasticity ea methapo ea mafu) e phahameng.
Kaha li-capillaries li na le "leko" khatello ena e kenyelletsa metsi le limatlafatsi khahlanong le marako a capillary le ho ea sebakeng se le seng le lisele.
Ka lehlakoreng la motsoako oa capillary, khatello ea hydrostatic e theohetse haholo. Hona joale, ke khatello ea osmotic ea metsi a ka har'a capillary (ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha letsoai le liprotheine maling) tse hulelang metsi ka har'a capillary. Khatello ea li-osmotic e boetse e bitsoa khatello ea oncotic 'me ke eona e hulang metsi le lihlahisoa tse senyang ka har'a lisele le ka har'a capillary hore li khutlisetsoe maling (ebe li fetisetsoa liphio har'a libaka tse ling.)
Palo ea Capillaries
Palo ea li-capillari tse mahlahahlaha li ka fapana haholo. Ka sebele, matšoafo a tletse li-capillari tse potolohileng alveoli ho nka oksijene le ho tlohela carbon dioxide. Ka ntle ho matšoafo, li-capillaries li ngata haholo linthong tse ngata tse sebetsang haholo.
Masole a Capillaries '
Skin blanching - Haeba u kile ua ipotsa hore na ke hobane'ng ha letlalo la hao le soeufala ha u beha khatello ho eona karabo ke capillaries. Khatello ea letlalo e hatella mali ho tsoa ho li-capillaries e hlahisang ponahalo ea blanching kapa e pona ha khatello e tlosoa.
Tlhaloso ea capillary - Lingaka li atisa ho hlahloba "capillary refill." Sena se lekoa ka ho bona kamoo letlalo le fetohang pineng ka potlako ka mor'a hore khatello e lokolloe 'me e ka fana ka maikutlo a bophelo bo botle ba lisele. Mohlala oa tšebeliso ena e ne e tla ba ho batho ba chesang. Chefo ea bobeli bo ka 'na ea senola hore capillary refill e batla e lieha, empa ka lekaneng la boraro ho chesa, ho ne ho ke ke ha e-ba le tlhaloso ea capillary ho hang.
Hangata baphaphathehi ba maemo a tšohanyetso ba hlahloba tlhaloso ea capillary ka ho phunya monoana kapa ho oela holimo, ebe ba lokolla khatello mme ba emetse ho bona hore na ho nka nako e telele hore sekoti se hlahe se pinki hape. Haeba mmala o khutla ka metsotsoana e 'meli (nako e hlokahalang ho bolela capillary refill), ho potoloha ho letsoho kapa leoto ho ka' na ha e-ba joalo. Haeba ts'oaetso ea capillary e nka metsotso e fetang e 'meli, ho potoloha ha leoto ho ka' na ha e-ba le tšusumetso e mpe le ho nkoa e le tšohanyetso. Ho na le lisebelisuoa tse ling tseo capillary refill e liehang ho tsona, joalo ka ho felloa ke metsi.
Ho arohana ha boraro le capillary phetoho - U ka utloa lingaka li bua ka ntho e makatsang e tsejoang e le "sebaka sa boraro." Capillary permeability e bolela bokhoni ba metsi a tsoang ho li-capillare ho ea ho lihlopha tse potolohileng. Ho ba le tšireletso ea capillary ho ka eketsoa ke li-cytokines (leukotrienes, histamines, le prostaglandins) tse lokolloa ke lisele tsa sesole sa 'mele. Mokelikeli o eketsehileng (ho arohana ha boraro) sebakeng sa hau ho ka fella ka mahare. Ha motho e mong a kula haholo, karohano ena ea boraro ka lebaka la li-capillari tse tsitsitseng e ka 'na ea ata, e fa' mele oa bona ponahalo ea ho ruruha.
Likarolo tsa mali tsa capillary - Boholo ba nako eo u nang le mali a hao, setsebi se tla nka mali ho tsoa mothapong o matsohong a hao. Mali a capillary a ka boela a sebelisoa ho etsa liteko tse ling tsa mali, tse kang tsa ba shebang tsoekere ea mali. Lancet e sebelisetsoa ho khaola monoana (ho khaola capillaries) 'me e ka sebelisoa ho hlahloba tsoekere ea mali le mali pH.
Maemo a Akaretsang Capillaries
Ho na le maemo a mabeli a tloaelehileng le a sa tloaelehang a akarelletsang capillaries. Tse seng kae ho tsena li kenyeletsa:
Tšoaetso ea veine ea sefate - "letšoao la tsoalo" - Bana ba ka bang 300 ba tsoaloa ba e-na le "matšoao a tsoalo" a nang le sebaka sa letlalo le khubelu kapa le pherese le amanang le li-capillari tse hlahisitsoeng. Mabala a mangata a veine a sefate ke bothata ba litlolo ho e-na le ho tšoenyeha ka bongaka, empa ba ka 'na ba tsoa mali habonolo ha ba halefile.
Mathata a capillary - arteriovenous malformation syndrome - Capillary malformation e ka 'na ea e-ba karolo ea lefu le futsitsoeng le fumanoang hoo e batlang e le 1 ho batho ba 100 000 ba baholo-holo ba Europe. Metsing ena, ho na le mali a mangata a fetang a tloaelehileng ka li-capillari haufi le letlalo, e leng se hlahisang matheba a pinki le a khubelu letlalong. E ka 'na ea e-ba e le mong, kapa batho ba ka ba le mathata a mang a lefu lena le kang maqakabetsane a mangata (ho tloaeleha ho sa tloaelehang pakeng tsa methapo ea meriana le methapo) eo, ha e le bokong, e ka bakang hlooho le ho oela.
Matšoao a tloaelehileng a nang le tšoaetso ea capillary - Lefu le sa tloaelehang le tsejoang e le capillary leak syndrome le akarelletsa li-capillaries tse nang le litsi tse etsang hore ho be le tšubuhlellano ea methapo ea kamehla le likarolo tsa ho ferekana ka lebaka la marotholi a tšohanyetso a mali.
Bothata bo bongata - Ho senyeha ha maemo a mangata, hona joale sesosa se ka sehloohong sa bofofu United States, ho hlaha bobeli ho senyeha ho li-capillaries tsa retina.
> Mehloli:
> Reference Reference Home. Capillary Malformation - Arteriovenous Malformation Syndrome. E phatlalalitsoe 11/08/16.
> Laebrari ea Sechaba ea Meriana ea US. Capillaries.