Thuto ea ho kopanela liphate ka ho feletseng le khahlanong le boithaopo-Thuto feela
Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea thuto ea thobalano, ho na le litsela tse peli tse ka sehloohong:
Thuto ea ho kopanela liphate ka ho feletseng
Le hoja mananeo ana a khothalletsa ho ithiba , a boetse a kenyelletsa thuto le taeo mabapi le mekhoa e fumanehang ea thibelo ea bokhachane . Ts'ebetso ena e ka boela ea hlahloba moelelo oa litaba le litlhaloso tse amanang le thobalano, tse sebetsang ho tloha molemong oa hore bacha ba bangata ba tla kopanela liphate, hape ba kenyelletsa lipuisano mabapi le thibelo ea bokhachane, tšebeliso ea likhohlopo , ho ntša mpa , mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano le HIV.
Boitšoaro-Thuto Feela
Mananeo ana a khothalletsa ho itlosa bolutu ka thobalano 'me ha a hlokomele hore bacha ba bangata ba tla kopanela liphate. Le hoja li kenyelletsa lipuisano tsa boitšoaro , litekanyetso, mohaho oa batho, 'me, ka linako tse ling, "mokhoa oa ho hana" litsebo, ha li rute ka ho sebelisa meriana kapa ka likhohlopo, ebile ha li kenyelle moqoqo ka ho ntša mpa, hangata li hlahisa lihlooho tsa mafu a likobo le HIV feela e le mabaka a etsang hore bacha ba lule ba sa itšehla thajana.
Lithuso tsa lichelete bakeng sa Thuto ea thobalano:
Molao oa muso ha o hloke thuto ea thobalano likolong. Leha ho le joalo, ho theosa le lilemo, Congress e thehile menyetla e meraro (tseo kaofela e leng mananeo a boithaopo feela) a fanang ka lichelete tsa lefapha bakeng sa thuto ea thobalano:
- Molao oa Bophelo oa Lelapa la Bochabela (AFLA)
- Lichelete tse lebeletsoeng tsa boithaopo feela ke tsa melao ea Welfare Reform ea 1996
- Merero e Khethehileng ea Boemo ba Libaka le ba Sechaba - Lenane la lithuso tsa boithaopo (SPRANS-CBAE) la Sechaba.
Molao oa Reform Welfare oa 1996 o ile oa tekanyetsoa hore e be molao oa Mopresidente Clinton. Ka nako eo, baetsi ba molao ba nang le mekhoa e meholo ba kentse leano le patehileng le kenngoa ka karoloana ea molao oa "must-pass". Tokisetso ena ha ea ka ea ela hloko haholo. E bitsoa ho ikamahanya le boipheliso feela-moruong oa moruo oa boipheliso oa 1996 , e ile ea arolelana liranta tse limilione tse 50 selemo le selemo (bakeng sa lilemo tse hlano) bakeng sa lichelete tsa ho sebelisa mekhoa ea ho itokolla feela.
Molao ona o boetse o tiisa hore, har'a tse ling, mananeo ana a ruta:
- "Kamano e kopanetsoeng e le 'ngoe ea botšepehi molemong oa lenyalo ke tekanyo e lebeletsoeng ea ho kopanela liphate."
- "Ho itoba ho etsa thobalano ntle le lenyalo e le tekanyo e lebelletsoeng bakeng sa bana bohle ba sekolo."
- "Ho kopanela liphate ntle le taba ea lenyalo ho tla ba le liphello tse kotsi tsa kelello le tsa 'mele."
Kopano ea Thuto ea Boipheliso-Boithabela feela:
Tsamaiso ea Tsamaiso ea Bush e ile ea qobella mokhoa oa ho itokolla feela ho isa boemong bo bocha. Hang ha Mopresidente George Bush a sebetsa, o ile a theha lenaneo le lecha - Monehelo oa Thuto ea Boipheliso ba Sechaba. Nakong ea Tsamaiso ea Bush, lithuso tsa thuto ea ho itokolla-thuto feela e imenne ka makhetlo a mabeli, ho tloha ho $ 80 limilione ka 2001 ho ea ho $ 200 limilione ka 2007. Bush o ile a khothalletsa mananeo ana le hoja ho ne ho se na bopaki ba ho fihlela qeto ea hore thuto ea boithati feela e emela "tloaelo" ea Amerika bakeng sa se lokelang ho rutoa likolong kapa mathata a sebele a bophelo a tobaneng le "mocha" ea bocha oa Amerika. Ka 2006, palo ea boimana ea bacha e eketsehile ka lekhetlo la pele ka lilemo tse fetang leshome - e nyolohile ka 3%. Boholo ba ho ntša mpa le litekanyetso tsa tsoalo li eketsehile hape.
Ha Mopresidente Obama a kena mosebetsing, o ile a qala ho khaola lichelete tsa Mongolo oa V oa ho itokolla ho tloha federal budget. Ka nako eo, lipolelo tse 25 li ne li se li qalile ho hana chelete ena - 16 hobane ba ne ba sa lumellane ka maikutlo kapa ba sa bone liphello tse ntle ho tsoa mananeong a bona feela.
Kamoo Linaha li Laolang Thuto ea Thobalano:
Ho latela Mokhatlo oa Guttmacher, linaha tse ngata li se li amohetse melao e laolang mafu a likobo le thuto ea thobalano:
- 20 e re le Setereke sa Columbia se hloka hore thuto ea thobalano le HIV / STD e fanoe.
- 29 e re le taolo ea Setereke sa Columbia ea hore, ha ho fanoe, litšebeletso tsa thobalano le HIV / STD li finyella litlhoko tse itseng tse akaretsang.
- 33 e hlalosa 'me Setereke sa Columbia se fana ka thuto ea HIV / STD; ea li-13, e fana ka taolo feela ea thuto ea HIV / STD.
- Ha ho fana ka thuto ea thobalano le / kapa thuto ea HIV / STD, 37 le Setereke sa Columbia li tsitlella hore likolo tsa sekolo li tsebisa batsoali (22), li hloka tumello ea batsoali (2), kapa li lumella batsoali hore ba tlose bana ba bona thupelong (35).
Ho phaella moo, ha thuto ea thobalano e rutoa sekolong:
- Litlaleho tse 37 li hloka hore boitsebiso ba boithati bo fanoe (litlaleho tse 26 li batla hore li hatelletsoe empa mebuso e 11 e hloka feela hore e koahetsoe).
- 18 e re le Setereke sa Columbia se hloka hore boitsebiso ba thibelo ea bokhachane bo rutoe.
- Mantsoe a 12 a tsitlella hore puisano ea thobalano e kenyelelitsoe.
- Lipuisano tsa thuto ea thobalano li lokela ho kenyelletsa tlhahisoleseding mabapi le litsebo tsa ho qoba ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate (lipolelo tse 20 le DC); ho etsa liqeto tse nepahetseng mabapi le thobalano (lipolelo tse 20); le taeo ea hore na u ka bua joang le litho tsa malapa, haholo-holo batsoali, ka thobalano (e bolelang 11).
- Litlaleho tse 18 li hloka hore thuto e kenyelle bohlokoa ba ho kopanela liphate feela lenyalong.
- Litlaleho tse 13 li hloka ho kenngoa ha boitsebiso ka liphello tse mpe tsa thobalano ea bacha le ho ima.
- Ha thuto ea HIV / STD e fanoa : linaha tse 20 li hloka tlhahisoleseding ka likhohlopo kapa ho thibela pelehi, 'me linaha tse 39 li hloka hore ho itokolla ho kenyelelitsoe.
Seo Patlisiso e se Buang ka Thuto ea ho Kopanela Liphate ka ho Feteletseng le Thuto-Thuto Feela:
Lipatlisiso li bontšitse ka ho hlaka hore mananeo a thuto ea thobalano ke a 'ona feela a bontšang liphello. Bacha ba pepesehileng thupelong ea ho kopanela liphate ba lieha ho kopanela liphate, hangata ba na le baratuoa ba seng bakae, 'me ba ka khona ho sebelisa thibelo ea bokhachane haeba ba kopanela liphate. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lipatlisiso li boetse li senola mefokolo ea thuto ea boithaopo feela. Ha ho na bopaki bo bontšang hore mananeo ana a tlaase a lilemong tsa bocha ba ho kopanela liphate; ha e le hantle, bacha ba pepeselitsoeng feela ka thuto ea boithaopo ba ka ba le maikutlo a fosahetseng mabapi le likhohlopo le tšebeliso ea likhohlopo 'me ba na le monyetla o tšoanang le oa bacha (ba se nang thuto ea ho kopanela liphate - esita le ho ikhula feela) ho kopanela liphate, ba na le palo e lekanang ea balekane, le ho ba le thobalano e sireletsehileng.
Motsoali le Mehopolo ea Bacha ea Thuto ea Thobalano:
Ha ho hlahlojoa ke National Campaign ea ho Thibela Bokhachane, ho bonahala eka karolo e kholo ea bacha (64%) e bontšitse hore ba lakatsa ho fumana boitsebiso bo eketsehileng mabapi le BOTHATA ba thibelo ea bokhachane le boithaopo. Batsoali ba 76% ba ne ba e-na le takatso e tšoanang bakeng sa bacha ba bona. Hape ho bonahala eka batsoali ba bangata ba sebelisa tsela e tloaelehileng ea ho thibela ho kopanela liphate pele le ho ima. Batsoali ba Amerika ba bangata ba khetha hore bana ba bona ba itšepe; ba boetse ba lumela hore bacha ba lokela ho utloisisa hore ho kopanela liphate ho lokela ho amana le boikemisetso bo matla le bo tebileng. Ha ho buuoa joalo, batsoali ba bangata ba boetse ba hlokomela hore bacha ba bang ba ntse ba khetha ho kopanela liphate (esita le ha ho imoloha ho hatelloa). Ka lebaka lena, batsoali ba bangata ba boetse ba lumela hore bacha ba lokela ho fanoa ka boitsebiso ka melemo le meeli ea thibelo ea bokhachane le ho rutoa moo ba ka batlang litšebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle.
Lisebelisoa:
Chris Collins, C., Alagiri, P., & Summers, T. (March 2002). "Ho itlosa bolutu feela le thuto ea ho kopanela liphate ka ho feletseng". Univesithi ea California, San Francisco. E fihlile ka 2/22/2012.
Mokhatlo oa Guttmacher. (February 2012). "LIPOTSO TSA LITABA TSA SEBELE: Thuto ea thobalano le HIV." E fihlile ka 2/22/2012.
Mokhatlo oa Guttmacher. (January 2010). " Mantlha a Bacha a US, Tsoalo, le Ho Ntša Mpa: Tsela le Litekanyetso tsa Naha le tsa Naha tsa Race le Sechaba ." E fihlile ka 2/22/2012.
Kirby, D. (2007). "Likarabo tse Tsoelang Pele 2007: Liphuputso tsa Lipatlisiso ho Fokotsa Bokhachane ba Bacha le Matšoao a ho Kopanela Liphate." Washington, DC: National Campaign ea ho Thibela Boimana le Bokhachane bo sa Lokisetsoeng.
Mokhatlo oa Sechaba oa ho Thibela Boimana ba Bacha. (2002). "Ka lentsoe le le leng 2002: Batho ba Amerika le bacha ba Amerika ba utloahala ka ho ima ha bacha." Washington, DC: Mongoli.
Trenholm, C., Devaney, B., Fortson, K., Quay, L., Wheeler, J. & Clark, M. (April 2007). "Litšusumetso tsa Lihlooho tsa V V, Karolo ea 510 ea Mananeo a Thuto ea ho Itšoara: Tlaleho ea ho Qetela." Princeton, NJ: Lipatlisiso tsa Lipatlisiso tsa Mathematica. E fihletsoe ka phaliso ea poraefete 2/22/2012.