Musculoskeletal ke lentsoe le tloaelehileng leo, kamoo lebitso la lona le hlalosang kateng, le amana le mesifa le masapo a 'mele. Haholo-holo, tsamaiso ea mesifa e akarelletsa masapo, mesifa, manonyeletso, lefuba, li-ligaments, tendon le bursae. Mokhoa oa musculoskeletal o fana ka botsitso ebile o lumella ho tsamaisa 'mele.
Anatomy ea Tsamaiso ea Musculoskeletal
Maqhubu - Ho na le masapo a 206 'meleng oa motho e moholo.
Sebopeho sa lesapo se na le karolo e ka ntle ea liprotheine (boholo ba collagen) le hydroxyapatite (boholo ba khalsiamo le liminerale tse ling). Karolo e ka hare ea lesapo, e bitsoang trabecular bone, e na le mongobo ho feta o thata ka ntle oa cortical bone, empa e ntse e hlokahala bakeng sa ho boloka matla a bone. Le hoja setopo sa masapo kaofela se tšoana, masapo a etsa mesebetsi e sa tšoaneng 'meleng:
- Lipalesa li fana ka tšehetso ea motlakase bakeng sa 'mele (ke hore, setopo sa marapo bakeng sa ho kopanya litho le lihlopha tse ling) le ho sireletsa litho tse itseng (mohlala, leraba le sireletsa pelo).
- Maqhubu a boloka khalsiamo e ngata 'meleng.
- Maqhubu a na le sekoti se ka hare se nang le moko oa masapo moo lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali le likarolo tse ling tsa mali li hlahisoang.
Maqhubu a kenngoa ts'ebetsong e tsebahalang e le ho tsosolosoa. Ho tsosolosa masapo ke ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele eo lesapo la khale le nkeloang sebaka ka eona ke lesapo le lecha. Lesapo le leng le le leng le fetohile ka ho feletseng ka nako ea lilemo tse ka bang 10.
Selemo se seng le se seng, karolo ea 20 lekholong ea lesapo la 'mele e nkeloa sebaka.
Matšoao - Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea mesifa e leng karolo ea mesifa ea musculoskeletal - masapo le a boreleli. Mofuta oa boraro oa mesifa, pelo, hase karolo ea tsamaiso ea musculoskeletal. Matšoafo a masapo ke likoti tsa masela a contractile. Ketso ea ho sebetsana le mesifa ke eona e etsang likarolo tse sa tšoaneng tsa 'mele.
Matšoafo a masapo a khomaretse masapo 'me a behiloe ka lihlopha tse hanyetsanang ho pota-potile manonyeletso (mohlala, mesifa e khelohang setulong e lutse e fapane le mesifa e otlollang sekoti). Matšoafo a masapo a laoloa ke boko 'me a sebetsa ka boithatelo tlas'a tataiso ea motho. Matšoao a smooth a phetha karolo mesebetsing e meng ea 'mele e seng tlas'a taolo ea motho. Mofufutso oa smooth o haufi le methapo e meng, e kenngoang ka thata ho fetola mali a phallo. Matšoao a smooth a boetse a potolohile mala, a etsa tumellano ea hore a tsamaee lijo le lisebelisoa tse hlahang ka har'a pampitšana. Le hoja mesifa e boreleli e boetse e laoloa ke boko, ha e ithaopele. Kopano ea mesifa e boreleli e thehiloe litlhoko tsa 'mele - e seng taolo ea ho ela hloko.
Lihlopha - Manonyeletso ke moo lipheletso tsa masapo a mabeli kapa ho feta a tlang hammoho. Ha ho na le manonyeletso a sa sisinyeheng (mohlala, pakeng tsa lipoleiti tsa lehata), manonyeletso a mangata a khona ho tataisa mokhatlo. Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea manonyeletso e thusang ho sisinyeha: cartilaginous le synovial. Li-synovial joints ke mofuta o tloaelehileng ho batho ba bangata. Manonyeletso a batho ba nang le synovial a hlaha mefuteng e sa tšoaneng: ball-le sekoti, condyloid, gliding, hinge, pivot, le li-saddle joints.
Liphello tsa masapo a mofuta ona o kopantsoe le lefuba. Lihlopha li koaletsoe ka capsule e kopaneng e nang le lera ( synovium ). Lisele tsa synovium li hlahisa synovial fluid e matlafatsang lefuba le ho thusa ho fokotsa ho ferekanngoa nakong ea ho sisinyeha.
Sethoathoa - Lintlheng tsa lesapo le etsang setopo se koahetsoe ke lefuba . Cartilage e tloaelehileng e boreleli, e thata ebile e sireletsa lipheletsong tsa lesapo. Cartilage e entsoe ka collagen, metsi le proteoglycans. Cartilage e tšosa 'me e fokotsa ho ferekana le ho tsamaea ha selekane.
Ligamente - Ligamente li thata, lithapo kapa lihlopha tsa lisele tse amanang le bone le bone.
Li-ligamente li entsoe ka collagen le mahlahahlaha. Likhoele tse senyang li lumella limela hore li fokotsehe. Ligamente li pota-potile 'me li tšehetsa manonyeletso, li lumella ho tsamaea ka tsela e tobileng.
Tendons - Tendons ke lihlopha tse thata, tsa fibrous tsa mesifa e amanang le mesifa le bone. Tendons e entsoe haholo ka collagen. Hangata litente li fumanoa ka tlas'a mohaho (ie, tendon sheath) e lumellang li-tendon hore li tsamaee ka sekhahla. Sekhahla sa teteana se na le likarolo tse peli: sekhahla sa synovial le sekhahla sa teteana sa fibonous.
Bursae - Bursae ke li-sacs tse nyenyane, tse tletseng metsi tse nang le likarolo tse nyenyane tse tsamaeang le 'mele joaloka masapo, mesifa, liton le letlalo. Bursae e fumanoa ho pholletsa le 'mele. Bursae e fapana ka boholo ho itšetlehile ka sebaka sa 'mele oa sona. Ho na le hoo e ka bang 160 bursae e fumanoang 'meleng oohle.
Li-Musculoskeletal Diseases
Matšoao a mangata a akarelletsang ramatiki , bursitis , le tendinitis , har'a ba bang. Matšoao a mantlha a lefu lena la mesifa e kenyelletsa bohloko, ho tsitlella, ho ruruha, ho fokotseha ho fokolang, ho fokola, mokhathala le ho fokotseha ha mosebetsi. Rheumatologist ke setsebi sa ramatiki le mafu a rheumatic. Lingaka tsa litsebi li boetse li tšoara maemo a mesifa.
Lisebelisoa:
Merck Manuals. Lipalesa. Alexandra Villa-Forte, MD.
http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/biology-of-the-musculoskeletal-system/bones
Merck Manuals. Matšoao. Alexandra Villa-Forte, MD.
http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/biology-of-the-musculoskeletal-system/muscles
Merck Manuals. Ligaments. Alexandra Villa-Forte, MD.
http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/biology-of-the-musculoskeletal-system/ligaments
Kelley's Textbook ea Rheumatology. Khatiso ea borobong. Elsevier.