Litsebi Tsa Neurologists li Nahana ka Bofokoli Joang?
Ha motho e mong a fokola, litsebi tsa kelello li leka ho utloisisa hore na mohloli oa bofokoli o leshano hokae. Mehato e meng e meng ea ho fumana sesosa sa bofokoli latela mehato ena ea bohlokoa. Ho fumana mohloli oa bothata ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ho ka ba phephetso 'me ho hloka tsebo e itseng, empa ka ho sebelisa lipatlisiso tsa motheo, ho botsa lipotso tse nepahetseng le ho etsa tlhahlobo e qaqileng, setsebi sa methapo ea mafu se ka' na sa fumana mohloli oa bofokoli.
Tsamaiso e latelang ke feela kemiso e thata ea seo lingaka tsa methapo ea pelo li koetliselitsoeng ho li etsa ha li hlahloba motho ea fokolang. Le hoja tsena li ka u thusa ho utloisisa seo ngaka e lekang ho se finyella ka ho u botsa lipotso le ho etsa tlhahlobo, sehlooho sena ha sea ka sa rereloa hore se nkeloe sebaka ke tlhahlobo e lekaneng ea kelello! Bofokoli bo ka ba bothata bo tebileng, haholo haeba bo fetela ho kenyeletsa mesifa e amehang ho phefumoloha. Le hoja mathata a mang a methapo ea maikutlo a kang ho tsieleha a ka 'na a e-ba bobebe, bofokoli bo sa hlaloseng ba' nete bo lokela ho hlahlojoa kamehla ke ngaka e tšoanelehang.
Ha u bua ka bofokoli le setsebi sa methapo ea mafu, ke habohlokoa ho tseba hantle hore na ho boleloa'ng ka lentsoe "fokolang." Batho ba bang ba sebelisa lentsoe "ho fokolisa" ho bolela "ho khathala" kapa "ho khathala," empa le ha motho a khathetse mme o leka ka thata kamoo a ka khonang ho phahamisa ntho, o ntse a khona ho etsa joalo. Bofokoli bo bongata bo amang litsebi tsa methapo ea pelo ke ha 'mele o sitoa ho phahamisa kapa ho hanela ntho eo e kileng ea e-ba teng, mohlala, haeba khanya ea lebese e bonahala e le boima ba lik'hilograma tse 50.
Hona ke phapang ea bohlokoa, hobane ha ho sa tsotellehe lefu leha e le lefe, ho akarelletsa le serame se tloaelehileng, le ka etsa hore motho a ikutloe a nyahame, mathata a fokolang a etsa hore motho e be ea fokolang 'meleng' me boholo ba mathata ana bo ka beha bophelo kotsing.
Kamoo Boko bo Bolelang Metsoalle Hore e Kopane
Ho tsamaea ka matla a feletseng ho itšetlehile ka letšoao la motlakase le tsoang ka holim'a boko ho theosa le mokokotlo, moo methapo e buellang (synapse) ka lenaka la pele la khoele le methapo ea meriana e tla tlohela mokokotlo ebe e ea le mesifa .
Mono methapo ea synapse e boetse e kopanngoa ke neuromuscular, ho romela motsoako oa neurotransmitter acetylcholine ho bolella mesifa hore e sebetse. Calcium e phallela mechine e khethehileng ea ion, 'me likhahla tsa mesifa li khutsufatsa, e leng se etsang hore ho be le mesifa e itseng. Mantsoe a bonolo a neural a khutlisetsa tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le ts'ebetso eo ho khutlela mokokong oa mokokotlo ho thibela mesifa e fapaneng ho tloha ka nako e le 'ngoe ho fumana konteraka, e le ho eketsa matla a pente. Ka mohlala, haeba bicep e leka ho fokotsa letsoho lehlaleng, e ka ba ntho e se nang thuso haeba lekhetlo lena le le leng le leka ho otlolla letsoho - hangata ho na le letšoao la neural le bontšang ho phomola nakong ea pululo ea bicep.
Matšoao a mokokotlo hangata a tlas'a thibelo e sa khaotseng ea boko, ho boloka mesifa e phutholohile. Ka lebaka lena, haeba letšoao pakeng tsa boko le methapo ea meriana e khaoloa, ka mor'a nako e ka 'na ea eketseha li -reflexes tse matla le maqheku a mahlahahlaha. Tsena li tsejoa e le tse fumanoang ka holimo ho motlakase oa motlakase. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lihlahisoa tse tlaase tsa motlakase li kenyelletsa ho fapana le li- fasiculations . Leha ho le joalo, ke habohlokoa hore u hlokomele hore ha motho a lemetse ka matla kapa a otloa, ho ka fumanoa hore o fumaneha ka potlako, 'me ngaka e ka' na ea tlameha ho belaella tšenyo ea boko kapa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo.
Ka bokhutšoanyane, mohato oa pele oa ho lemoha hore na ke hobane'ng ha motho ea fokolang ke ho bapisa liphuputso tse ka holimo le tse tlase tsa motlakase, le ho fumana hore na bothata bo na le tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo kapa methapo ea methapo (boko le mokokotlo oa mokokotlo).
Ho khetholla lesela le lekaneng la Central Nervous System
Haeba ho na le liphetoho tse ka sehloohong tsa motlakase oa motlakase ho hlahlojoa ha methapo ea lingaka, lingaka li ka 'na tsa batla ho batlisisa boko le mokokotlo oa mokokotlo, ha li batla matšoao a mang li ka khantša leseli sebakeng se tobileng sa bothata. Ka mohlala, haeba motho e mong a e-na le mokhathala ka tlaase ho tekanyo e itseng molala, sena se bontša hore ba na le bothata ba mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo.
Haeba ba e-na le bothata bo kenyeletsang sefahleho (haholo-holo haeba e le karolo e ka tlase ea sefahleho), bothata bo ka ba boemong ba boko kapa boko bo teng. Ka lebaka la quirk ea ho qaptjoa ha tsamaiso ea methapo, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase li tšela ka tlaase ho brainstem. Kahoo haeba leoto le letona la motho le fokola, e ka ba bothata ka lehlakore le letona la mokokotlo kapa lehlakoreng le letšehali la boko.
Ho Fumana Bothata Bothateng ba Ntoa ea Bophelo bo Botle
Bofokoli bo bakoang ke bothata ba tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo e ka fella ka mathata a nang le methapo ea meriana, metsoako ea neuromuscular, kapa mesifa.
Maqhubu a mmele a ka senyeha ke ts'oaetso, maloetse a ts'oaetso, le hangata ka ho kenngoa ha likhahla tse nyenyane tse kang foramina , moo li tsoang mokokotlong. Mohlomong mehlala e tloaelehileng e akarelletsa radiculopathies , lebaleng la tennis kapa carpal tunnel syndrome. Li-syndromes tse amang feela methapo ea motlakase ntle le ho etsa hore ho be le bokooa ha li fumanehe hangata, empa li ka kenyelletsa mefuta e meng ea Guillain-Barré syndrome , amyotrophic lateral sclerosis le meriana ea boloetse ba methapo ea motlakase.
Sehlopha sa neuromuscular se ka ameha ka chefo kapa maloetse a mangata a thibelang ho itšoara ka tsela e tloaelehileng ke mokokotlo oa neurotransmitter. Ka mohlala, chefo ea botulinum e thibela ho ntša methapo ea methapo e tsoang setsing sa methapo. In myasthenia gravis , limolek'hule tse amohelang lihlahisoa tsa mesifa li hlaseloa ke 'mele oa' mele oa 'mele,' me kahoo ha li khone ho tlama neurotransmitter acetylcholine ka mor'a hore e lokolloe.
Ho na le mafu a mangata a mangata (myopathies) a ka lebisang bofokoling. Hangata bofokoli bo ama mahlakoreng ka bobeli a 'mele ka ho lekana, joalo ka boemo ba polymyositis, empa maemong a mang sena se ka' na sa se joalo. Ka mohlala, ho kenngoa ha 'mele myositis ke sesosa se tloaelehileng sa bofokoli ba mesifa, hangata bo sa lekanyetsoang.
Litaba Tse Ling Tse Sebelisitsoeng ke Lingaka tsa Maoki
Ntle le ho fumana sebaka sena, li-neurologists li sebelisa boitsebiso bo mabapi le bofokoli, le kamoo bo jalang kateng, e le ho tseba hore na sesosa ke sefe. Ka mohlala, ho otloa ke lefu, hangata ho etsahala ka potlako haholo, athe myopathy e ka nka likhoeli hore e hōle. Mokhoa oa ho hasana o boetse oa bohlokoa: Ka mohlala, lefu la Guillain-Barre, ka tloaelo le qala maotong 'me le ata holimo, athe chefo ea botulinum e baka bofokoli bo theohang holimo ho' mele.
Palo ea mathata a bongaka a bakang bofokoli ke kholo haholo. Ho hlokomela sebaka sa bothata, le mohlala o amahanngoa le bofokoli, o ka thusa lingaka hore li hlophise lethathamo le lelelele la mathata a ka 'nang a fumana bothata ba' nete. Hopola hore bofokoli bo sa hlalosoang bo lokela ho hlahlojoa ke setsebi sa bongaka se tšoanelehang.
Lisebelisoa:
Hal Blumenfeld, Neuroanatoma ka Mesebetsi ea Kliniki. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002
Ropper AH, Samuels MA. Adams le Melao-motheo ea Victor's Neurology, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.