Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), eo ka linako tse ling e tsejoang e le lefu la Lou Gehrig ka mor'a setšoantšiso se tummeng sa baseball, ke boemo bo etsang hore motho a be butle-butle 'me a fokotsehe butle-butle. Bofokoli bona bo tsoelang pele bo bakoa ke ho senyeha ha methapo ea lenaka la pele la mokokotlo , le fetisang boitsebiso bo tsoang bokong ho ea mesifa ea 'mele.
Ha methapo ena ea methapo e shoa, mesifa eo ba e buisanang le eona e qala ho ferekana. Ho phaella moo, methapo ea bokong e boetse e shoa, le hoja li-neurons tse shoeleng li sa tsamaisane le tsela eo motho a nahanang ka eona, kahoo motho o tla lula a tseba hore na lefu lena le ntse le tsoela pele joang. Maemong a mangata, ALS e lebisa ho shoeleng litho le lefung ka mor'a lilemo tse hlano. Hoo e ka bang karolo ea leshome lekholong ea nako, batho ba nang le ALS ba phela nako e telele.
ALS hangata e ama batho ha ba le pakeng tsa lilemo tse 40 le tse 70; leha ho le joalo, e ka etsahala ka linako tse ling bophelong ba motho. Banna ba ameha hangata ho feta basali. Ka lehlohonolo, ALS e batla e le e sa tloaelehang, e hlorisa batho ba ka bang 30 000 United States, e nang le liteko tse ncha tse 5 600 tsa ALS tse fumanoang selemo se seng le se seng.
Matšoao a ALS
Matšoao a ALS hangata a qala ka bofokoli. Bofokoli bona bo ka qala ka leoto le le leng feela. Matšoao a ka 'na a qhibiliha, a tsitlella kapa a senyeha a bitsoa "fasciculations." Haeba maoto a ameha pele, motho a ka 'na a qala ho lemoha hore ba ntse ba qeta nako e telele kapa ba ka' na ba ikutloa ba le thata.
Haeba matšoao a qala matsohong, mohlomong ho ka 'na ha e-ba le bothata ba ho sebetsana le lintho tse nyenyane, tse kang ho tobetsa letlalo kapa ho fetola senotlolo. Ntho e sa tloaelehang, mesifa ea pele e amehang ke ba sefahlehong le molaleng, e leng ho lebisang ho thatafalloa ho bua kapa ho emisa. Ha ho na ho ts'oara kapa ho hloka letho ho amanang le bofokoli bona.
Ha lefu lena le ntse le tsoela pele, bofokoli bo tla mpefala le ho ata likarolong tse ling tsa 'mele. Motho o tla lahleheloa ke matla a ho bua ha a lahleheloa ke taolo ea leleme le melomo ea bona. Qetellong, motho eo a ka hloka tube ea fepa . Ha mesifa e hlokahala hore phefumoloho e fokotsehe, tšehetso ea phefumoloho e ka fanoa, pele ka mochine oa CPAP ebe joale o na le ventilation ea mochine. Hobane ha ba na matla a ho khohlela kapa ho hlakola melala ea bona, batho ba nang le ALS e tsoetseng pele ba na le takatso e matla ea pneumonia . Ha e le hantle, batho ba bangata ba nang le ALS ba qetella ba fetile ka lebaka la ho tsuba kapa ho fokola ha ho fokola .
Ka linako tse ling, batho ba nang le ALS ba na le 'dementia' e amanang le eona. Hape, batho ba bang ba hlahisa pseudobulbar palsy, e leng se etsang hore ho be thata hore ba laole maikutlo a bona.
Ke'ng e bakang ALS?
Lisosa tse hlileng li bakang ALS li ntse li ntse li phenyekolloa. Hangata boloetse bona bo bonahala bo otla ka boomo, le hoja hoo e ka bang karolo ea 10 lekholong ea linyeoe li na le liphatsa tsa lefutso. Lefu le hlahisang superoxide dismutase (SOD1), e leng enzyme e fokolang radicals e sa lefelloeng, e fumanoe ka 2001. Liphatsa tse ling tsa lefutso - ho kenyelletsa le TAR DNA-binding protein (TARDBP, e tsejoang hape e le TDP43); fused-in-sarcoma (FUS), ho se tloaelehe ha liphatsa tsa lefutso ka chromosome 9 (C9ORF72); le UBQLN2, e kenyelletsang protheine ubiquitin e kang ubiquitin? 2 - kaofela e amahanngoa le ALS.
Ka lebaka la liphetoho tsena tsa mohlolo tsa cellular, lisele tse nang le methapo ea molumo ka lenaka la pele la mokokotlo le lisele tse kotsing ea lefu la pelo li qala ho shoa.
Batho ba bang ba hlokometse hore ho na le kamano e teng pakeng tsa likotsi tsa hlooho le kotsi e eketsehileng ea ALS, le hoja linyeoe tsena li ka 'na tsa e-ba le bothata bo fapaneng bo tsejoang e le lefu le sa foleng la boloetse bo feteletseng . Bahlabani ba sesole sa ntoa, haholo-holo ba sebeletsang Ntoeng ea Gulf, ba na le kotsing e eketsehileng ea ho ba le matšoao a ALS, joaloka baatlelete ba bang. Ho ba le lipatlisiso ho chefo ho boetse ho entsoe lipatlisiso, le hoja ho se letho le utloahalang le hlahang.
ALS e Tsejoa Joang?
Tlhahlobo ea ALS e lokela ho etsoa ke setsebi sa methapo ea mafu.
Lingaka tsa methapo ea mafu tse hlahlobang mafu a li-neuron tse kang ALS li ka 'na tsa bua ka motsoako oa "matšoao a ka holimo le a tlaase a" neuron motor "a hlokehang. Liphuputso tse ling tsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele, tse kang hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, li bontša hore bofokoli bo bakoa ke maloetse mokokotlong kapa bokong. Liphuputso tse ling tsa lipatlisiso, tse kang fasciculations, hangata li bakoa ke ho senya methapo ka mor'a hore e tlohe mokokotlo oa mokokotlo. Hobane mafu a li-neuron a kang ALS a senya sebaka seo li-neuron tse ka holimo tse theohang ho tloha boong li buisana le li-neuron tse tlaase tse tsoang mokokotlong, matšoao a mabeli a ka holimo le a tlaase a neuron a bonahala ho ALS 'me a hlokoa hore a fumane lefu lena.
Ho teba ha ho fumanoa ha ALS hangata ho lebisa tlhahlobo e eketsehileng ho kenyeletsa tse ling tse nang le phekolo, tse ka tšoaroang haholoanyane, tse ka etsisang ALS. Electromyogram (EMG) le thuto ea ho khanna methapo e ka etsoa ho qoba monyetla oa mafu a kang myasthenia gravis kapa phekolo ea meriana ea mafu. Ho ka etsoa sesebelisoa sa MRI ho qoba maloetse a mang a mokokotlo, joaloka li-tumor kapa multiple sclerosis.
Ho itšetlehile ka pale ea motho ka mong le tlhahlobo ea 'mele, liteko tse eketsehileng bakeng sa mafu a kang HIV, Lyme kapa syphilis li ka etsoa. Bakuli ba fumanoeng ba e-na le ALS ba lokela ho nahana ka matla ho fumana maikutlo a bobeli.
ALS e Tšoaroa Joang?
Meriana e le 'ngoe feela, e leng Riluzole, e bontšitsoe hore e sebetsa ka hohle ho ntlafatsa ho phela ha bakuli ba nang le ALS. Ka bomalimabe, phello e itekanetse, e lelefatsa pholoho feela ka karolelano ea likhoeli tse tharo ho isa ho tse hlano.
Empa ho na le thuso. Ho sebetsana le sehlopha sa litsebi tsa bongaka ho ka thusa ho fokotsa matšoao a ALS. Sehlopha se joalo se ka kenyelletsa setsebi sa methapo ea mafu, litsebi tsa 'mele, lipuo le litsebi tsa mesebetsi ea matsoho le litsebi tsa thepa ea phepo e nepahetseng le ea ho phefumoloha.
Basebeletsi ba boiketlo ba sechaba ba ka ameha ho thusa ho hlophisa lihlopha tsa ts'ehetso hammoho le litlhoko tsa molao, tse kang boikemisetso bo phelang le matla a moahloli . Haholo-holo haufi le qetellong ea bophelo, bakuli ba bangata ba rua molemo ka ho sebetsa le litsebi tsa tlhokomelo ea malapa le tlhokomelo ea malapeng .
Ho sebetsa le litsebi tse nang le tsebo ho ka thusa bakuli ba nang le ALS hore ba phele bophelo bohle ba bona ka tsela e ikemetseng le ka mokhoa o motle ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang.
> Mehloli:
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