Lilemo Tse Mashome Hamorao, Chernobyl e sa ntse e kopantsoe le liphello tsa Thyroid le tse ling tsa bophelo bo botle
Ka la 26 April, 1986 ka 1:23 hoseng, lintho tse neng li le Chernobyl, e leng toropo e nyenyane libakeng tsa Soviet Union, li ne li fositse haholo. Kajeno lebitso "Chernobyl" ke lejoe le leholo, lentsoe le le leng le bolelang "tlokotsi ea nyutlelie" ho batho ba pota-potileng lefatše. Ha e le hantle, Chernobyl e ne e le kotsi e mpe ka ho fetisisa ea nyutlelie historing. Le hoja kotsi ea likotsi tsa March 2011 Fukushima e ne e nkoa e le "e tebileng" joaloka Chernobyl ke liofisi tsa nyutlelie, ho nahanoa hore ho lokolloa ha mahlaseli a kotsi Japane ho ne ho le tlaase haholo ho Chernobyl, 'me ho oa ha eona ho ne ho se na tšusumetso e fokolang libakeng tse ling.
Leha ho le joalo, ho ka 'na ha feta lilemo pele re tseba hore na Chernobyl e tla tsoela pele ho e-na le phapang e tsotehang ea hore ke koluoa ea nyutlelie e mpe ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng.
Ho sa tsotellehe hore na boemo ke bofe, Chernobyl e 'nile ea thahasella basebetsi le bakuli ba qoqotho, kaha e' ngoe ea li-radioisotopes tse lokolitsoeng likotsing tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa nyutlelie - ho akarelletsa le tlokotsi ea Chernobyl - ke iodine 131, e tsejoang hape e le iodine ea radioactive kapa radioiodine.
Iodine 131 e na le halofo ea matsatsi a robeli, ho bolelang hore halofo ea eona e qhala ka matsatsi a robeli. Bophelo ba halofo ea nako e telele (ha u e bapisa le li-radiosotopes, tse nang le halofo ea bophelo ba metsotsoana kapa metsotso) e bolela hore iodine e nang le mahlaseli a kotsi e ka kena kapele ka lijo tsa motho ka ho silafatsa limela, liphoofolo le metsi pele boholo ba mahlaseli a mahlaseli le a qhalakantsoeng. Hang ha e noa, iodine e nang le mahlaseli a kotsi e ikakhela ka setotsoana feela lekhetlong la qoqotho, moo mahlaseli a kotsi a ka bakang tšenyo ea mokokotlo, kapa e sebetsa ka nako e telele bakeng sa ntshetsopele ea kankere ea qoqotho le mathata a mang a qoqotho.
Bana ba banyenyane le masea, a hlahisitseng likokoana-hloko tsa qoqotho tse ntseng li hōla ka potlako, ke tsona tse kotsing ka ho fetisisa tsa ho hlahisa li-iodine tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi, 'me liphello tsa ho pepeseha ha tsona li boetse li atisa ho bonahala ka potlako ho bana ha li bapisoa le batho ba baholo. Bana le bona ke batho ba ka sehloohong ba sebelisang lebese, 'me ha likhomo li ja joang bo nang le mahlaseli a iodine a silafetseng, iodine e ikakhela ka setotsoana haholo lebese, e leng ho etsa hore ho sebelisoe lebese e' ngoe tsela e ka sehloohong ea ho pepesehela iodine e tsoetseng pele.
Ke habohlokoa ho hlahloba pale e 'ngoe e bakang bothata ba Chernobyl, le phello ea bophelo ea bothata, eseng feela ka bophelo bo botle ba qoqotho, empa le liphello tse ling tsa bophelo bo botle.
Libaka tse ling tsa Chernobyl Geography le Histori ea Lipolotiki
Motse o monyenyane oa Chernobyl o profinsheneng - e tsejoang e le "Oblast" - seterekeng sa Kiev se Ukraine. Ka 1986, Ukraine e ne e le boemo ba se neng se ntse se le Soviet Union. Chernobyl e bohōle ba lik'hilomithara tse 110 ho tloha Kiev, lik'hilomithara tse 22 ho tloha moeling oa Ukraine le Gomel Oblast ea Belarus, le haufi le Oblast ea Bryansk ea Russia. Sebaka sa Chernobyl e ne e le sebaka sa baahi ba litoropo tse nyenyane.
Semela ea nyutlelie, eo e neng e hahiloe ka nako e le karolo ea lenaneo la Soviet Union la libetsa tsa nyutlelie, e ne e le lik'hilomithara tse peli ka ntle ho karolo e khōlō ea toropo ea Chernobyl ka boeena. Setsi sena se ne se le haufi le linōka tse peli, Pripyat le Uzh, haufi le letamo la Kiev, le neng le fana ka metsi a mangata bakeng sa ho pholile. Ha nako e ntse e ea, semela se ile sa fetoloa hore se sebelisoe e le seteishene sa matla sa sechaba.
Molao-motheo oa Soviet e ne e le ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea tlhahiso-leseling kapa ho buisana ka mathata a amanang le mohaho, tlhokomelo le mekhoa ea ho sebetsa lihlahisoa tsa nyutlelie. Hona joale rea tseba hore ka lebaka la monahano ona o fokolang, ho pholletsa le Soviet Union ea pele, ho ne ho se na koetliso e fokolang, likoluoa le litokisetso tsa likotsi tsa nyutlelie, 'me Chernobyl e ne e le joalo.
Soviet Union e ile ea boela ea sebetsa tlas'a tsamaiso ea lipolotiki e ileng ea tloha Moscow e e-na le matla a maholo ka lirephabliki le libaka tsa eona, kahoo sebaka sa Chernobyl, e le karolo ea Ukraine, se ne se le tlas'a puso ea lipolotiki ea baetsi ba liqeto lik'hilomithara tse likete tse hōle Moscow.
Ka lebaka leo, ha koluoa ea nyutlelie e hlasetsoe Chernobyl, basebetsi ba semela ba ne ba sa itokisetsa ho arabela kotsing ea nyutlelie hantle, empa karabo e ile ea emisoa, kaha ba boholong sebakeng seo ba emetse tataiso e tsoang Moscow. Ho tlalehoa hore esita le ha mahlaseli a kotsi a tsoa ho setsebi se holofetseng, bana ba ne ba romeloa sekolong, lenyalo la ka ntle le ne le tšoaroa, papali ea bolo ea maoto e etsahetse, 'me baahi ba moo ba ile ba ea ho tšoasa litlhapi matlong a pholileng a nuclear.
Ho latela litlaleho tsa Machaba a Kopaneng (1), e ne e hlile e le matsatsi a mabeli a tletseng - kamora 'ngoe ea li-reactor e se e felile,' me ea bobeli e ne e le mollo - pele Moscow e bile e lumela hore "ntho" e ne e etsahetse Chernobyl, ho seng joalo e senotse boholo ba koluoa eo.
Ho Etsahetse'ng Chernobyl?
Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Matla a Atomic o hlalositse se etsahetseng ho baka koluoa ea nyutlelie ea Chernobyl. Ho tlalehoa, ha basebetsi ba ntse ba etsa tlhahlobo ea Reactor Four, ho ile ha e-ba le tšimo e khōlō ea matla e ileng ea otla semela sa Chernobyl, e leng se ileng sa fella ka ho phatloha le mollo, e leng se ileng sa lokolla mahlaseli a mangata a sepakapakeng. Moqapi oa lik'hamera tsa Chernobyl o ne o nkoa e le nako e telele, 'me o ne o se na mohaho oa tšireletso ho sireletsa sebaka se potolohileng mahlaseli a kotsi. Ho phatloha ha Four Reactor ho ile ha lokolla likarolo tse fetang 100 tsa mefuta-futa ea mokelikeli moeeng.
Basebetsi ba babeli ba semela ba ile ba bolaoa hang-hang. Ba bangata ba ba arabelang pele ba ile ba tlalehoa hore ba hlokahetse kapele ka mor'a hore ba arabele kotsing, 'me boholo ba likhoeli tse tharo tsa ho phatloha ha pele. Lifofane tsa lifofane tsa helicopter tse neng li sebetsa setšeng sa mehleng ea pele li ile tsa qetella li fetisetsoa Moscow ho ea phekoloa ka matsatsi a seng makae le libeke tse thusang ho ba le kotsi.
Matsatsing a khale, hoo e ka bang 49,000 baahi ba moo ba ile ba tlosoa sebakeng sena, empa ba bolelloa hore ba tla tlosoa mahaeng ka matsatsi a mabeli kapa a mararo feela.
Libeke tse latelang, ho phatloha ho eketsehileng ho ile ha etsahala, empa likotsi tsa sebaka seo li hanne kapa li fokotsoe. Ba boholong Soviet ba ne ba sa lumele tse ling tsa ho phatloha ho ileng ha etsahala semela sena, 'me ba tiisetsa sechaba hore boemo bo ne bo tsitsitse ka ho feletseng le hore mahlaseli a kotsi a sebakeng seo a ne a tloaelehile.
Ka May 1986, khoeli ka mor'a koluoa eo, batho ba fetang 116 000 sebakeng se bohōle ba lik'hilomithara tse 18 ba ne ba se ba fallisitsoe. Lilemong tse tlang, palo ea batho ba ileng ba qetella ba lelekiloe mahaeng e ne e hakanyetsoa hore e ka ba 230 000, ho ea ka Komisi ea Amerika ea Nuclear Regulatory.
Hona joale rea tseba hore libaka tse ngata haholo li ne li pepesitsoe mahlaseli a tsoang Chernobyl.
Tlalehong ea 2006 e tsoang ho GreenPeace e bitsoang The Chernobyl Koluoa: Liphello ho Bophelo ba Batho , sehlopha sa bo-rasaense ba machaba, litsebi tse ngata tse ikhethang masimong a bona le ba bang ba neng ba le ka nako e telele bafuputsi ba 'nileng ba shebella Chernobyl ho tloha ka 1986, ba re:
Ketsahalo ena ea lefatše ka bophara e bile le liphello tse kholo ho lirephabliki tsa mebuso tse tharo tse haufi tsa Soviet Union, e leng linaha tse ikemetseng hona joale tsa Ukraine, Belarus le Russia. Leha ho le joalo, liphello li ile tsa ata haholo haholo. Karolo e fetang halofo ea cesium-137 e hlahisoang ka lebaka la ho phatloha e ile ea etsoa sepakapakeng ho ea linaheng tse ling tsa Europe. Linaheng tse ling tse leshome le metso e mene e meholo Europe (Austria, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Slovenia, Poland, Romania, Hungary, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Italy, Bulgaria, Republic of Moldova le Greece) li silafalitsoe ke mahlaseli a kotsi ka holim'a moeli o sebelisetsoeng ho hlalosa libaka tse "tse silafalitsoeng." Ntho e ka tlaasana, empa leha ho le joalo e ngata ea radioactivity e amanang le kotsi ea Chernobyl e ile ea fumanoa hohle k'honthinenteng ea Europe, ho tloha Scandinavia ho ea Mediterranean le Asia. (2)
Ho khutlela Chernobyl ka boeona, lihlopha tsa seo ho thoeng ke "lihlahisoa" li tlisitsoe ho thusa ho ba le mahlaseli, tlosa lithōle, 'me qetellong, ho thusa ho haha mohaho o moholo oa konkreite - o bitsoang "sarcophagus" - ho tiisa reactor. Sehlopha sa basebeletsi ba kaho ba 250 000, bao bohle ba boleloang hore ba pepesoe, ka likhoeli tse 'maloa, ho isa moeli oa bophelo bohle ba mahlaseli a kotsi, ba kentse letsoho ho seo ho nkoa hore ke morero o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa boenjiniere historing,' me qetellong ea 1986, ba ne ba kentse letsoho mochine oa Chernobyl oa sarcophagus.
Liphello tsa Bophelo tsa Chernobyl
Ke batho ba kae ba nang le liphello tsa bophelo bo botle ba Chernobyl? Ha e le hantle ho thata ho lekanyetsa tekanyo ea tšenyo ea bophelo bo botle ba batho le tikoloho. Boitsebiso bo fapana, ho itšetlehile ka hore na bo tsoa ho 'muso oa Soviet nakong ea kotsi, mebuso ea kajeno, mekhatlo ea machaba kapa lihlopha tse ikemetseng.
Ho ea ka tlaleho ea Machaba a Kopaneng:
Har'a batho ba ileng ba bolaoa ke Chernobyl, batho ba 35 ba ile ba phatlalatsoa hore ba "boemong bo tebileng," 'me ba tšeletseng ba shoele. Tlhaselo e ile ea nyolohela ho 31 ka lehlabula la 1986, 'me ha sala moo. Ha ho le ea mong ho ba bangata ba ileng ba tšehetsa bahlaseluoa ba Chernobyl ka mokhoa o hlomphehang ba kileng ba kenngoa lethathamong lena: ho shoa ha bona ho ne ho bakoa ke lisosa tse ling. (3)
Komisi ea US Nuclear Regulatory e tlalehile hore lipatlisiso li bontša baahi ba sebakeng seo ba sa fumaneng tekanyo ea mahlaseli a kotsi ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng ho feta oa tloaelehileng, le hore ha ho na tekanyo e ntseng e eketseha ea kankere. Ba tlalehile hore ke bana feela ba bontšitseng keketseho ea kankere ea qoqotho - linyeoe tse ling tse 4 000 tse tobileng - le hore 99% ea linyeoe tseo "li phekoloe." (4)
Litlaleho tsena tsa bobeli li bonahala li le tlas'a maikutlo. Taba ea ntlha ke tlaleho e tsoang Komiting ea Scientific Komiti ea Machaba a Kopaneng ea Liphello Tsa Mahlaseli a Atomic (UNSCEAR), e bolelang hore ho tloha ka 2005, baahi ba fetang 6 000 ba Russia, ba Ukraine le Belarus ba fumanoe ba e-na le kankere ea qoqotho. (5)
Leha ho le joalo, tlhokahalo ea ho tlosa qoqotho ea ngoana ka lebaka la kankere e ke ke ea bonoa e le "pheko" ka kutloisiso ea lentsoe. Bana ba Chernobyl ba 'nile ba e-ba teng,' me ba tla tsoela pele ho koaheloa ke mathata a bophelo bo botle ka lebaka la pheko ea bona ea "qoqotho" nakong ea bophelo ba bona, 'me litsebi tse ling li lumela hore liphello tsa lefutso li ka' na tsa e-ba teng molokong o latelang. Ho tloha Univesithing ea Harvard, phuputso e phatlalalitsoeng ho Environmental Health Perspectives e ile ea sheba liketsahalo tsa kankere ea qoqotho ho tloha ho iodine ea radioactive 131 ho batho ba ka holimo ho 12 000 ba Ukraine ba fetang 18 000 ba neng ba e-na le mahlaseli a kotsi nakong ea Chernobyl. Baahi ba ile ba hlahlojoa ka makhetlo a mane pakeng tsa 1998 le 2008, 'me bafuputsi ba fumana tse latelang:
- Ho bile le kotsi e eketsehileng ea kankere ea qoqotho ka lilemo tse 20 kamora ho pepeseha ha pele. Kotsi ena e ne e sa tšoaneleha bakeng sa sehlopha sohle 'me e bonahala eka e itšetlehile haholo ka sebaka sa sebaka sa semela nakong ea ho pepeseha.
- Kotsi e ntseng e eketseha ea kankere ea qoqotho e ne e le ka linako tse ling, 1,91 ka makhetlo a mangata a phahameng bakeng sa ho phatloha ha mahlaseli. (Mohlooho o tšoana le ho nkoa ha motsoako o le mong oa mahlaseli a kotsi ka khilogram e le 'ngoe ea lisele).
- Ha ho na bopaki bo bontšang hore kotsi ena ea kankere bakeng sa ba phelang sebakeng seo nakong ea kotsi e fokotseha ha nako e feta.
Tlaleho eo e boetse e itse, "Liphuputso tse fetileng tsa baphonyohi ba libomo tsa athomo li bontšitse hore esita le lilemo tse 30 ka mor'a hore mahlaseli a kotsi a hlahe, likotsi tsa kankere li eketsehile 'me ha li fokotsehe haholo ho fihlela ka mor'a sena." (6)
Ka 1989, Magazine Magazine e ile ea fana ka pale ea ho tsoelapele ho pota-potileng Chernobyl, haholo-holo mabapi le bana ba neng ba setse sebakeng sena, 'me ba fumane mahlaseli a kotsi ka nako e telele. Pale ena e qotsa batho ba mehleng ea khale ba bo-ralipolotiki le bo-rasaense, ba neng ba qosa 'muso oa Soviet oa ho theola maemo a ho hlahella - ba lumela hore e hlile e phahame ka makhetlo a 20 ho feta tlaleho - hammoho le kemiso ea ho tlosoa ha ba tsamaeang ka tsela e tobileng.
Mookameli e mong o ile a re, "ho tlosoa ha bana ho ile ha phethoa ka la 7 Phutuho. Ha ho makatse hore ebe ho na le bana ba bangata ba kulang seterekeng sa rona, haholo-holo ba nang le hyperplasia ea qoqotho ea qoqotho." Pale ena e ile ea tsoela pele ho hlokomela hore mathata ana le a mang a amanang le mahlaseli a kotsi, joaloka kankere ea mali, a boleloa hore ha a na maemo a molato a hlokang molato. (7)
Ba buelli ba GreenPeace ba na le pono e fokolang haholo. Tlalehong ea bona ea Chernobyl Catastrope ea 2006 , ba ile ba qaqisa boholo ba tekanyo ea timetso, ba fumana hore le hoja litlaleho tsa molao li bolela hore batho ba ka bang 4 000 ho feta ba karolelano ba shoele Belarus, Ukraine le Russia ho tloha kotsing, litsebi tse amehang ho bokella tlaleho ea GreenPeace e boletsoeng bonyane batho ba 200 000 ba bolailoeng ka tloaelo ho baahi ba tšoanang.
Tlaleho ea GreenPeace e boetse e bontšitse hore:
- Har'a lihlaseli tsa Belarussia - batho ba ileng ba thusa ho hloekisa kotsi - liphio tsa ts'oaetso, kankere ea moriana / senya le kankere ea qoqotho e ne e phahame ka ho fetisisa ho tloha ka 1993 ho ea ho 2003 ho ea ka sehlopha se tšoanang sa lipatlisiso. Leukemia e ne e phahame ka ho fetisisa ho bafani ba tsoang Ukraine, ho batho ba baholo Belarus le ho bana ba libakeng tse silafetseng ka ho fetisisa Russia le Ukraine.
- Har'a li-liquidator ka kakaretso, ba bang ba 88% ba ile ba bontša bopaki ba liphetoho tsa chromosomal lisele tsa bona tse tšoeu tsa mali.
- Ho tloha ka 1995 ho ea holimo, ho ba le likarolo tse ngata tsa kankere ea mpa, matšoafo, matsoele, mahlaseli a mangata, kolone ea qoqotho, bone ea bone le lymph system le libaka tse ka boroa-bophirimela sebakeng seo. Sebakeng sa Tula, litekanyetso tse sa tloaelehang tsa kankere ea masapo le kankere ea tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng li fumaneha ho bana nakong ea 1990-1994.
- Ho ne ho e-na le lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa ho phefumoloha ho ea ho lihlahisoa tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi a hlahisoang ka mokhoa oa khase nakong ea kotsi ea Chernobyl. Lipalo-palo tsa Lekala la Bophelo la Kiukraine li bontšitse hore ho na le ho eketseha ha bronchitis e sa foleng le emphysema ho tloha ho batho ba ka bang 300 ho ea ho ba 10 000 ka 1990 ho feta ho 500 ho ba 10 000 ho batho ba baholo le ba bacha ka 2004. Nakong eona eo lefu la ho fokola ha boroko le batla le habeli, baahi.
- Pakeng tsa 1988 le 1999, lefu la "athe-atherosclerosis" la pele le lefu la pelo le ile la fetoha makhetlo a 10 ho isa ho a 15 a tloaelehileng ha ho bapisoa le libaka tse bohōle ba lik'hilomithara tse 18 tse potolohileng Chernobyl, le ba lulang libakeng tse silafalitsoeng ke mahlaseli a kotsi, ha ba bapisoa le batho ba bangata.
- Maloetse a tsamaiso ea endocrine, mafu a phepo ea phepo e nepahetseng, maloetse a ts'oaetso, le mathata a ho itšireletsa mafung a ne a feta ka makhetlo a fetang a mabeli har'a batho ba balehang sebakeng se bohōle ba lik'hilomithara tse 18 le ba neng ba le libakeng tse silafalitsoeng, ha ba bapisoa le baahi bohle ba Belarus.
- Libakeng tse amehang Russia, ho ne ho e-na le keketseho e mehlano ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Ka ho khetheha, palo e fokotsehileng ea lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali e ile ea bonoa, hammoho le ho fokotsa tšebetso ea li-lymphocyte tsa T le lisele tse bolaeang, le ho ba le mafu a mangata a kang thrombocytopenia le anemia.
- Phuputso ea baahi ba bangata ba Ukraine pele le ka morao kotsing ea Chernobyl e senola ho eketseha ha makhetlo a tšeletseng mokhoeng oa liphetoho tsa chromosomal tse bakoang ke mahlaseli, e leng ntho e bonahalang eka e fetisetsoa ho bana ba bona. Li-chromosomal aberrations tse nahanoang hore li bakoa ke Chernobyl li tlalehiloe hōle joaloka Austria, Jeremane le Norway.
- Esita le maemong a fokolang a mahlaseli a kotsi a ka lebisa maemong a mang a ts'enyo ea tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo le ea pherekano. Ho thata ho hlahloba hore na mahlaseli a Chernobyl a senyehile hakae, empa li-liquidators tsa Russia, li tlalehile hore maloetse a likokoanyana ke lefu la bobeli ka mor'a lefu la Chernobyl. Mathata a kelello le mafu a kelello har'a batho ba baholo libakeng tse silafalitsoeng ke mahlaseli a kotsi a Belarus a ne a boetse a atile ho feta a libaka tse sa amehang (31.2% ho bapisoa le 18.0%).
Greenpeace hase eona feela sehlopha se amehileng ka tšusumetso ea bophelo ea Chernobyl.
Sehloohong se phatlalalitsoeng ho Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives, bo-rasaense ba tsoang Moscow ba ile ba fana ka bopaki bo bontšang hore ho tsolloa ha nyutlelie ho ne ho ka ba teng ka makhetlo a 26 ho feta ho tlalehoa. Ho ea ka bo-rasaense ba Moscow, ke tse 10 ho ea ho tse 15 feela tsa thepa ea radioactive e hlileng e ntseng e tlosoa ho tiisetsoa mohahong oa sarcophagus o kang oa sekontiri se senyehileng, ho latela 90% e tlalehiloeng ke ba boholong. Ba ile ba etsa qeto ea hore mahlaseli a mahlaseli a kotsi a ne a le mangata ho feta a mang a saense a nahanang.
Le hoja Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO) o hakanya hore mahlaseli a hlahisoang ke mahlaseli a batho a libakeng tsa boahelani, o fana ka boitsebiso ba liphatsa tsa lefutso bo hanyetsanang le batho ba WHO, e leng se bontšang hore litekanyo tsa li-chromosome tse tsitsitseng le tse tsitsitseng li ne li le ka makhetlo a ka bang 10 ho isa ho a 100 ho feta kamoo ho neng ho ka lebelloa kateng, phekolo e kholoanyane ea radioactivity ho feta tlaleho.
Hape, litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa lefu le ho se utloisisehe ha bana ba sa tsoa tsoaloa li ile tsa bonoa Jeremane, Poland, Europe Bohareng, Turkey le pele e ne e le Soviet Union nakoana ka mor'a ho phatloha ha Chernobyl.
Ka ntle ho libaka tse ileng tsa ameha hang-hang libakeng tsa Belarus, Ukraine le Russia, ho tsoa ha Chernobyl ho ile ha e-ba le liphello. Ho ea ka bafuputsi, Europe e fetang 40 lekholong e silafalitsoe ke ho oa ha Chernobyl, 'me liphello tsa bophelo bo botle ho tloha ho chromosomal li fetoha mahlomola a congenital le kankere ea qoqotho li tlalehiloe linaheng tse tsoang Norway ho ea Turkey.
- Ka bophirimela le boroa, ho tloha Jeremane ho ea Croatia ho ea Bulgaria le Turkey, ho ile ha e-ba le litlhokofatso tse eketsehileng nakong ea tsoalo ho bana ba ileng ba pepesoa pele ba tsoaloa. Sena se ne se kenyelletsa Down syndrome, eo hangata e hlahang ho ba 1 ho ba 1 000 ba hlahetseng, empa e ne e phahame Europe Bophirimela le Scandinavia. Ho eketseha ha palo ea motlakase ho ile ha bonahala ka January 1987, ho ea ho bana ba emolelitsoeng nakong ea ho oa ha Chernobyl e phahameng (Sperling et al., 1994b). Bana ba hlahetseng karolong e ka bochabela ea Romania pakeng tsa July 1, 1986 le la 31 December, 1987 le bona ba ne ba ka ba le monyetla o moholo oa ho tšoaroa ke lefu la kankere ea bana ho feta ba tsoaletsoeng pele kapa ka morao.
- Karolong e ka bochabela ea Austria libeke tse latelang kotsi, meroho e kang sipinake le meroho ea salate e ne e sa lumelloa hore e rekisetsoe sechaba. Lebese, haholo-holo lebese le tsoang libakeng tsa lithaba, le silafalitsoe ka nako e fetang selemo. Libakeng tse se nang moholi, haholo-holo karolong e ka bochabela ea Austria, li-iodine tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi moeeng li ne li phahame nakong ea matsatsi a le leng kapa a mabeli nakong eo ka eona leru le nang le mahlaseli a kotsi le fetang. Lingaka libakeng tsena li tlalehile hore palo ea batho ba nang le mafu a qoqotho e eketsehile ho tloha ka 1990 ho ea pele.
- Ho ne ho e-na le li-liquidator tse ka bang 3 000 tse tsoang Armenia; Bana ba mashome a robeli ba banna bana ba ne ba ithutile 'me ba fumanoa ba kula hantle, maemo a mahlomola a kenyeletsang le pyelonephritis ea bobeli, mathata a moriana, tonsillitis, ho tšoaroa ha masapo le lefu la sethoathoa. Bana ba 15 feela (27.3%) ba hlalosoa ba "phela hantle".
- Rephabliki ea Czech e ile ea amohela ho senyeha ho fella ka tšilafalo e phahameng, hape. Phuputso ea kankere ea qoqotho e koaheletseng limilione tse 247 tsa motho ea lilemo li fumane hore pakeng tsa 1976 le 1990, kankere ea qoqotho e ne e phahama ka tekanyo ea 2% ka selemo. Leha ho le joalo, ho tloha ka 1990 ho ea pele, tekanyo e ile ea nyoloha ka holimo ho 2% ea selemo ka selemo.
- Kankere ea qoqotho e ile ea phahama haholo karolong e ka leboea ea Engelane, e nang le tekanyetso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa Cumbria, sebakeng seo ho sona ho ileng ha e-ba le khaello e khōlō ea kotsi.
Poland e ile ea nka mehato e sebetsang ho sireletsa batho ba eona. Batho ba bangata ha ba tsebe hore Chernobyl e ne e le tšimo ea Poland ka makholo a lilemo. Kajeno, karabelo ea Poland ho Chernobyl e nkoa e le mohlala oa katleho ea sechaba ea bophelo boemong ba kotsi ea nyutlelie. Ka mor'a kotsi ea Chernobyl, Poland e ile ea aba lipilisi tsa iodide tsa potasiamo ho baahi ba limilione. Matlapa ana a ne a tlatsa qoqotho ea qoqotho ka iodine, e leng ho thibela batho ba Poland hore ba se ke ba hlola ba e-ba le iodine ka mor'a kotsi ea Chernobyl. Bafuputsi le li-epidemiologists ba lumela hore sena se thusitse ho thibela sekhoba sa kankere ea qoqotho joaloka tse bonahalang libakeng tse haufi tsa Chernobyl.
Chernobyl: Na U Ithutile Seo U Ithutang Sona?
Boholo ba seo re se tsebang kajeno mabapi le mokhoa oa ho sireletsa baahi ha kotsi ea nyutlelie e tlile ka litšenyehelo tsa ba neng ba lula Chernobyl. Re tseba ho theha le ho aha likarolo tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba le mahlaseli a tsitsitseng.
Ho tloha mokhoeng oa bophelo bo botle ba qoqotho, re boetse re e-na le moelelo o motle oa seo re lokelang ho se lebella - litekanyetso tsa kankere ea qoqotho li hlahile ho ba neng ba sa sireletsoa ke iodide ea potassium le ho ba noang lebese bo silafalitsoeng ke ho oa.
Ka nako e tšoanang, joalokaha lingaka le bafuputsi ba ikentse tlaleho ea GreenPeace "Tlokotsi ea Chernobyl" e ile ea re: "Mabapi le kutloisiso e feletseng ea sepheo sa kotsi e khōlō ea nyutlelie bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba batho, ho bonahala eka ha re na pele ho feta kamoo re neng re le kateng pele ho phatloha ha Chernobyl lilemong tse 20 tse fetileng. "
Sena se ile sa totobala ka mor'a tšisinyeho ea lefatše ea ts'ebotsi ea March 2011 le tsunami Japane, e leng se ileng sa baka tšenyo e khōlō mochineng oa nyutlelie oa Fukushima. Koluoa ea Japane e ile ea e-ba lilemo tse ka tlase ho 25 ho fihlela letsatsing le hlahlamang Chernobyl. Leha ho le joalo le ka phihlelo e kholo ea lekholo la bobeli la lilemo le matla a nyutlelie, naheng e itšetlehileng haholo ka matla a nyutlelie, Japane e bontšitse puisano e fosahetseng le taolo ea bothata, e sa lumellane le hangata e loantšanang le merero ea ho tlosoa ha metsi, 'me e na le khaello ea iodide ea potassium ho ba bang libaka tsa bohlokoa. Ho sa le joalo, ho pota lefatše, ho bile le ho hloka kutloisiso mabapi le hore na iodide ea potassium e ka - e ke ke ea etsoa ka ts'oaetso ea mahlaseli; ho 'nile ha e-ba le ho bokella le ho bokella ha iodide ea potassium ka ntle ho Japane, ho silafatsoa ha lijo tsa leoatle le lintho tse ling tse ngata tse setseng ho rarolloa. ha ho hlakile hore lithuto tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa Chernobyl li hlile li ithutiloe.
Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe
(1) Univesithing ea Machaba a Kopaneng "Tsela e Telele ea ho Khutlisa: Likarabo tsa Sechaba ho Likoluoa Tsa Liindasteri" e hlophisitsoeng ke James Mitchell © 1996
(2) http://www.greenpeace.to/publications/Chernobyl_Health_Report.pdf
(3) http://unule.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu21le/uu21le0h.htm
(4) http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/chernobyl-bg.html
(5) http://www.endocrineweb.com/news/thyroid-cancer/4780-un-releases-report-chernobyl-survivors-thyroid-cancer
(6) http://content.hks.harvard.edu/journalistsresource/pa/society/health/thyroid-cancers-in-ukraine-related-to-the-chernobyl-accident/
(7) http://www.time.com/time/daily/chernobyl/891113.coverup.html
(8) http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2011/s3175469.htm
(9) http://www.greenpeace.to/publications/Chernobyl_Health_Report.pdf)
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1867971
Litlhahiso
- http://www.naturalnews.com/031793_hyperthyroidism_radiation.html
- http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/svc-grp-further-info.pag?mode=open&sid=94934299
- http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/544071
- http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/features/chernobyl-15/thyroid.shtml
- http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/features/chernobyl-15/cherno-faq.shtml
- http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/focus/chernobyl/faqs.shtml
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16881739
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16966081
- http://content.hks.harvard.edu/journalistsresource/pa/society/health/thyroid-cancers-in-ukraine-related-to-the-chernobyl-accident/
- http://www.endocrineweb.com/news/thyroid-cancer/4780-un-releases-report-chernobyl-survivors-thyroid-cancer
- http://www.21stcenturysciencetech.com/articles/chernobyl.html
- http://unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu21le/uu21le0j.htm
- http://unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu21le/uu21le0h.htm
- http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/chernobyl-bg.html
- http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2011/s3175469.htm
- http://inthesenewtimes.com/2011/04/02/the-chernobyl-nuclear-catastrophe-unacknowledged-health-detriment/
- http://abcnewsradioonline.com/health-news/higher-cancer-risk-continues-after-chernobyl.html
- http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs303/en/index.html
- http://www.greenpeace.to/publications/Chernobyl_Health_Report.pdf
- http://culture.polishsite.us/articles/art410fr.htm
- http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/739180
- http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtPrint/WSIHW000/24479/36146/1394299.html?d=dmtContent&hide=t&k=basePrint
- http://www.healthvermont.gov/enviro/rad/KI_fact.aspx
Lisa Moretti, mofuputsi / mongoli, o tlatselitse sehloohong sena.