Ramatiki e ka Fumanoa ha Sesebelisoa sa 'Mele sa' mele se Senya
Tsamaiso ea Immune ke Eng?
Tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ke lisebelisoa tse rarahaneng tsa lisele, lik'hemik'hale, le litho tse sebetsang ka tumellano ho sireletsa' mele khahlanong le bahlaseli ba tsoang linaheng tse ling. Haholo-holo, bahlaseli ba tsoang linaheng tse ling ke likokoana-hloko tse ka bakang tšoaetso (libaktheria, likokoana-hloko kapa li-fungus). Tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e sebetsa ho thibela bahlaseli ba tsoang linaheng tse ling, kapa haeba ba kena' meleng, ho ba fumana le ho ba senya.
Mokhoa oa Immune o Sebetsa Joang?
Tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e sebetsa joaloka mokhoa o rarahaneng oa puisano. Ha mohlabani ea tsoang linaheng tse ling a kenella 'meleng, sesole sa' mele se lemosoa. Nakong eo, lisele tsa 'mele tsa masole a mmele li sebelisoa' me li qala ho hlahisa lik'hemik'hale tse matla. Lisele tsa 'mele tsa' mele li buisana ka ho toba kapa li ka buisana ka ho lokolla manģosa a lik'hemik'hale.
Letlalo le sebetsa e le thibelo ea pele ho likokoana-hloko. Bahlaseli ba ka kena ka ho phunya kapa ho phunya letlalong. Lipampitšana tsa ho senya lijo le ho phefumoloha li ka ba lintlha tsa ho kena ho bahlaseli ba tsoang linaheng tse ling empa hape, ba na le litsela tsa bona tsa ho sireletsa khahlanong le bahlaseli (mohlala, likosa tsa nko, ho khohlela kapa ho thothomela ho boloka bahlaseli ba tsoa meleng le matšoafong, acid e senya bahlaseli ka har'a marulelo). Haeba likokoana-hloko li kenella ka mekhahlelo ena ea pele, li sa ntse li tlameha ho li sebelisa ka marako a lijo, ho phefumoloha kapa li-urogenital ho fihlela li-cell.
Litemana tsena li na le lisele tsa epithelial tse koahetsoeng ka kamoreng ea li-musque ho thusa ho thibela ho tsamaisoa ha bahlaseli ho kenya likarolo tse tebileng tsa lisele.
Libaka tsa mucosal li kenyelletsoa IgA, hangata e le mofuta oa pele oa sekokoana-hloko ho kopana le likokoana-hloko tse hlaselang. Ka tlase ho sekhahla sa liphatsa tsa lefutso, lisele tse fapaneng tsa 'mele tsa ho itšireletsa mafung, ho akarelletsa le macrophages, lisele tsa B, le lisele tsa T, limela bahlaseli ba ka fetang ka holim'a mekoallo e holim'a metsi.
Hang ha ba hlaselileng, bahlaseli ba tlameha ho fetela ho feta mekhoa e mengata ea ho sireletsa tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung (tlhaselo ea phagocyte, lisele tsa tlhaho tsa bolaoa T, le ho tlatsa). Haeba bahlaseli ba etsa hore li fete ka tšireletso e akaretsang, li kopana le libetsa tse khethehileng tsa tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung, e ka sehloohong li-antibodies le lisele tsa T tse nang le li-receptors tse li lebisang lipheo tsa tsona.
Karolo ea Li-cell phone tsa 'mele ke Efe?
Tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e na le lebotho la lisele tse loketseng (ho akarelletsa lymphocytes le phagocyte). Le hoja lisele tse ling tsa 'mele li hlasela bohle ba hlaselang, ba bang ba koetlisetsoa ho arabela lipheo tse khethehileng feela. Lisele tsohle tsa 'mele tsa ho itšireletsa mafung li tsoa litsing tsa immature stem lefung la masapo. Lisele tse sa tsitsang, ha li arabela li-cytokine tse sa tšoaneng le lik'hemik'hale tse ling tsa lik'hemik'hale, li fetoha lisele tse itseng tsa immune (T cells, lisele tsa B, kapa phagocyte).
Lisele le lisele tsa T ke mofuta oa lymphocyte. Lisele tsa B li sireletsa li-antibodies ka metsi a 'mele. Li-antibodies li hlasela linaheng tse ling tse hlaselang (ho etsa li-antigens) tse fumanoang li potoloha ka metsi a mmele empa li-antibodies ha li khone ho kenella liseleng. Lisele tsa T, ka lehlakoreng le leng, li na le li-receptor tse kang likokoana-hloko tse ka holim'a tsona tse lemohang lihlopha tsa li-antigen liphateng tse nang le tšoaetso.
Lisele tsa T li ka tsamaisa le ho laola likarabo tsa 'mele, kapa li ka hlasela lisele tsa tšoaetso kapa tsa kankere ka ho toba.
Li-phagocytes ke lisele tse khōlō tse tšoeu tse jang bahlaseli ba tsoang linaheng tse ling kapa likaroloana tsa linaheng tse ling. Li-monocyte ke mofuta oa phagocyte e potolohang maling. Ha li-monocyte li falla ka har'a lik'hemik'hale, li fetoha macrophages. Joaloka macrophage, ba khona ho tlosa setopo sa lisele le khalefo. Macrophages le eona e ka bontša likokoana-hloko tsa antigen tse tsoang linaheng tse ling ho hohela li-lymphocyte tse tšoanang. Li boetse li hlahisa matšoao a lik'hemik'hale tse bohlokoa bakeng sa karabo ea 'mele ea' mele. Li-granulocyte, li-cell mast, platelet, le lisele tsa dendritic le tsona li na le boikarabelo bo boima ba ho itšireletsa mafung.
Lisele tsa 'mele tsa' mele li buisana ka ho lokolla le ho arabela lik'hemik'hale tsa likhemik'hale, tse tsejoang e le cytokines . Li-cytokines, tse kenyelletsang li-interleukin, li-interferon, le maemo a ho hōla, ke liprotheine tse pateletsoeng ke lisele tsa 'mele tsa ho itšireletsa mafung hore li sebetse lisele tse ling, li hlahise likarabo tsa' meleng ho bahlaseli ba tsoang linaheng tse ling.
Ho itšireletsa mafung ho lokela ho sireletsa bophelo bo botle
Ha re ntse re hlalositse kamoo tšoaetso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e re sireletsang kateng ho bahlaseli ba tsoang linaheng tse ling le liphello tsa ho kula, ho mamella ho itšireletsa mafung ho bohlokoa ho thibela boloetse. Ho mamelloa ha 'mele ka ntle ho mmele ho hlalosa hore na li-lymphocyte tsa T kapa tsa B li hlokomoloha lihlahisoa tsa' mele joang ha li ntse li batla bahlaseli ba tsoang linaheng tse ling. Ho mamella ho itšireletsa mafung ke habohlokoa ho thibela sesole sa 'mele ho hlasela lisele tsa' mele.
Ha tsamaiso ea 'mele ea' mele ea 'mele e sa sebetse hantle,' mele o hlahisa lisele tsa T le li-antibodies tse laoloang khahlanong le li-antigen li lisele tsa eona le lisele, ka mantsoe a mang, khahlanong le tsona. Ha sena se etsahala, lisele tse phetseng hantle le lisele tse senyehileng li senyehile, 'me mafu a mangata a ka fetoha. Ramatiki ea ramatiki le lupus ke mehlala ea maloetse a mangata . Ntle le likarabo tsa motlakase, sesole sa 'mele se ka ba le boikarabello ba maloetse, mafu a mangata a mangata a ho itšireletsa mafung, le mathata a ho itšireletsa mafung.
Lisebelisoa:
Sesole sa 'mele. Mokhatlo oa Sechaba oa Likokoana-hloko le mafu a tšoaetsanoang. La 19 December, 2011.
Melemo ea likokoana-hloko le tsa lik'hemik'hale le mafu a immunological. Primer ka Rheumatic Diseases. Klippel J. Maqephe 94-97. E phatlalalitsoe ke Arthritis Foundation. Khatiso ea boraro.