Mathata a Matšoafo a liphatsa tsa lefutso - Matla, Boemo bo sa tloaelehang le Karolo ea Kankere
Ke liphatsa tsa lefutso tse jang liphatsa tsa lefutso? Li fapane joang le li-oncogenes, hona li phetha karolo efe ho nts'etsong ea kankere le kankere ea lefutso?
Tlhaloso: Ho Itšireletsa Liphatsa Tsa Lefutso
Liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa likokoana-hloko ke liphatsa tsa lefutso tse laolang ho hōla ha lisele. Ha liphatsa tsena tsa lefutso li sebetsana hantle, li ka thibela le ho thibela kholo ea lihlahala.
Ha likokoana-hloko li thibela liphatsa tsa lefutso li fetoha kapa li sa sebetse (ka lebaka la phetoho), li lahleheloa ke bokhoni ba ho etsa protheine e laolang kgolo ea sele.
Lisele li ka 'na tsa hōla li sa laolehe' me tsa fetoha kankere.
Mefuta ea Tlhekefere e Thibelang Genese
Ho na le mefuta e meraro e meholo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tse hlaselang liphatsa tsa lefutso.
- Mofuta o mong o bolella lisele hore li liehe 'me li khaotse ho arola.
- Mofuta o mong o na le boikarabello ba ho lokisa tšenyo ho DNA e ka etsoang ha lisele li arola (DNA ho lokisa liphatsa tsa lefutso.)
- Mofuta oa boraro o ikarabella ho bolella lisele hore na li tla shoa neng, e leng mokhoa o bitsoang apoptosis kapa programmed cell cell.
Tsela ea ho khanna - Ho tepella likokoana-hloko Li-Brakes ke liphatsa tsa lefutso
Ka litaba tsohle tse mabapi le ho itšireletsa mafung , 'me likarolo tsa kutlo le likotoana tsa "ho suthela le ho tima" e le kankere, e ka thusa ho bonolo haholoanyane ho nahana ka lisele tse kang koloi. Ka sele e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, ho na le accelerator le marake. Likoloing tse tloaelehileng, bobeli ba sebetsa hantle. Mekhoa e mengata e etsa bonnete ba hore ba lula ba leka-lekane joalo ka koloi ka bobeli e tsamaea ka nako eohle, empa ha e hlasele.
Kankere e qala ka letoto la liphetoho. Liphetoho tse ling ha li na phetoho e khōlō-re li bitsa e le liphetoho tse fetohang baeti.
Bothata bothata ke ba amang mokhanni. Mokhanni a ka etsa qeto ea ho tsamaea ka potlako kapa ea liehang. U ka 'na ua utloa ka tsena e le "liphetoho tsa mokhanni" eseng hobane li khanna koloi, empa hobane li tsamaisa kholo ea lisele tsa kankere.
Kankere e ka amana le mathata a nang le accelerator kapa marake, empa hangata, ho senya liphatsa tsa lefutso tse laolang tsena tse peli ho hlokahala ho baka kankere.
Taba ea hore kankere e hloka phetoho e fapa-fapaneng e fapaneng ke e 'ngoe ea mabaka a etsang hore kankere e tloaelehe ho batho ba baholo.
Li-oncogenes li tšoantšetsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse laolang accelerator. Lentsoe "oncogenes" le bolela "liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa kankere."
Likokoana-hloko tse hatellang liphatsa tsa lefutso , ho fapana le li-oncogenes, ke li-brake. Liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa ho itšoara hampe li sebetsa joaloka setšoantšo. Li ngolla liprotheine tse ikarabellang ho tsoa le ho otla marake.
Boholo ba nako bakeng sa sele hore e be le kankere, e hloka liphetoho liphetohong tse peli tsa oncogenes le liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ka mantsoe a mang, accelerator e lokela ho khomarela fatše 'me brakes e tlameha ho sebetsa hampe.
Oncogenes vs Tšebeliso ea Mathata ea Genese
Ho na le phapang e 'maloa ea bohlokoa pakeng tsa li-oncogene le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse bakang kankere ka kankere. Ka kakaretso, li-oncogenes li laola . Meleng ea rona, re na le lihlopha tse peli tsa li-chromosome tsa rona le lihlopha tse peli tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso - e 'ngoe ho e mong le e mong oa batsoali ba rona. Hangata haeba liphatsa tse ling tsa lefutso li sa sebetse hantle, e mong a ka lefa. E ka 'na eaba u utloile ka lefa. Haeba u utloile ka lefa la 'mala oa mahlo, phapang pakeng tsa boholo ba li-oncogene le liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li bonolo ho li utloisisa. Li-oncogenes li atisa ho ba matla-tse kang mahlo a sootho.
Haeba e 'ngoe ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka' na ea e-ba thata haholo, e ka tlatsetsa ho kankere. Ho fapanyetsana le liphatsa tsa lefutso, ho fapana le hoo, ho tloaelehile hore e be e feteletseng . Ke hore, feela joalokaha o hloka liphatsa tsa lefutso tse peli bakeng sa lesea le leputsoa ho ba le lesea le nang le mahlo a buluu, liphatsa tse peli tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li lokela ho senyeha e le hore li tlatse letsoho la kankere.
Mathata a Matšoafo a Matšoao a Liphatsa tsa Lefutso le Lefa la Bohlokoa - "The 2 Hit Hypothesis"
Ho utloisisa hore na liphatsa tsa lefutso tse hlaselang liphatsa tsa lefutso li feteletse hakae ho ka ba molemo ho utloisisa lefu lena.
Mohlala ke liphatsa tsa lefutso tse bakang kankere BRCA1 / BRCA2 - tse tsejoang e le "liphatsa tsa kankere ea matsoele." Batho ba nang le phetoho ho e 'ngoe ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsena ba na le kotsi e eketsehileng ea ho ba le kankere ea matsoele (har'a ba bang.) Empa hase bohle ba nang le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse hlahisang kankere ea matsoele.
Ha liphatsa tsa lefutso tse sa feto-fetohe li fetoha, phetoho e fumanoeng, e bolelang phetoho e tsitsitseng ea lefutso e hlahang kamora 'tsoalo, kankere e ka fella.
Tloaelo ena e feteletseng ke seo ho buuoang ka sona haeba u utloa ka "2 khopolo ea maikutlo" ea kankere. Litho tse ling tsa kankere li qala (bonyane ka ho hlahisa pheko ea pheko, empa hopola hore hangata ho na le phetoho ea oncogene hape) ka mor'a liphetoho tse 2 tse hlaselang liphatsa tsa lefutso. Phetoho ea pele e ka 'na ea e-ba teng ho tloha ho tsoaloa, e tsejoang e le "phetoho ea kokoana-hloko." Ea bobeli, "phetoho ea somatic" e fumanoa ebile e amana le ntho e itseng tikolohong kamora 'tsoalo.
Histori
Liphatsa tsa lefutso tse hlabang likokoana-hloko li ile tsa fumanoa pele har'a bana ba nang le retinoblastoma. Ka retinoblastoma, ka lehlakoreng le leng, lehlakoreng le hlahisang liphatsa tsa lefutso le futsitsoeng-ke kahoo le lumellang kankere ho hōlisa bana ba banyenyane.
Ho Laola Maqeba
Hona joale ho se ho e-na le likokoana-hloko tse ngata tse thibelang likokoana-hloko tse hlalositsoeng Tse ling tsa tsona li kenyelletsa:
- RB - Mofani oa khatello ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e ikarabellang bakeng sa retinoblastoma
- p53 liphatsa tsa lefutso - P53 liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa protheine p53. e phekola ho lokisoa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso ka lisele. Liphetoho tsa lefutso liphatseng tsena tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li ama karolo ea 50 lekholong ea kankere.
- B RCA1 / BRCA2 - Liphatsa tsa lefutso tsena li ikarabella ho hoo e ka bang karolo ea 5 ho ea ho karolo ea 10 lekholong ea kankere ea matsoele. ( BRCA2 e boetse e amahanngoa le kotsi ea kankere ea matšoafo bakeng sa basali .)
- Mochine oa APC - Liphatsa tsena tsa lefutso li amahanngoa le kotsing e ntseng e eketseha ea kankere ea colon ho batho ba nang le lelapa la adenomatous polyposis.
Lebaka leo kalafo ea kankere e sa sebetseng kamehla
Ho utloisisa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse bakoang ke kokoana-hloko ho ka boela ha thusa ho hlalosa hore na ke hobane'ng ha phekolo ea mafu, e kang chemotherapy, e sa phekole kankere ka ho feletseng. Meriana e meng ea kankere e sebetsa ho susumelletsa lisele hore li ipolaee. Kaha likokoana-hloko tse ling tse hanyetsang liphatsa tsa lefutso li ameha ka mokhoa oa ho apoptose (lefu la sele) lisele tsa kankere li ka 'na tsa se ke tsa kenella ka mokhoa oa ho apoptose ha lisele tse ling li ka' na tsa e-ba teng.
Ho Eketsehileng ka Kankere
Ho ithuta ka liphatsa tsa lefutso tse bakoang ke lefuba ke karolo e le 'ngoe feela ea kutloisiso ea nts'etsopele le ho phela ha kankere. Ithute ka hantle hore na sele ea kankere ke eng , le hore na lisele tsa kankere li fapane joang le lisele tse tloaelehileng .
E boetse e tsejoa e le: antioncogene, tahlehelo ea mesebetsi ea liphatsa tsa lefutso
Mehlala: Kankere e mengata ea matšoafo e na le liphatsa tse sa tloaelehang tsa p53 ka har'a hlahala. P53 ke kokoana-hloko e bakang likokoana-hloko tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho etsa hore lisele li shoe haeba DNA ea tsona e senyehile 'me e ke ke ea lokisoa (apoptosis).
> Mehloli:
> Mokhatlo oa Kankere oa Amerika. Li-oncogene le Mohatelli oa Matšoao a liphatsa tsa lefutso. E fetotsoe 06/25/14. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/geneticsandcancer/genesandcancer/genes-and-cancer-oncogenes-tumor-suppressor-genes