Sethaleng sa khatello ea meriana e tla hlahlojoa kalafo ea pele
Batho ba bangata ba makatsoa ke ho fumana khatello e matla ea mali ho bala e le ho fumanoa ka tšohanyetso ho khethoa ha ngaka ka tloaelo hobane khatello ea meriana ea mali ha e bakoe ke matšoao. Ha e le hantle, tsela e le 'ngoe feela ea ho hlahloba khatello ea kelello ke ho lekanya khatello ea mali.
American Heart Association e khothalletsa ho hlahlojoa ka tekanyo ea khatello ea mali bonyane lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse peli haeba khatello ea mali ea hau e le ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng.
Melao-motheo ea United States e thibelang litšebeletso tsa mekhoa ea thibelo e fana ka tlhahlobo ea ho hlahloba batho bohle ba baholo ho feta lilemo tse 18.
Bonyane, batho ba baholo ba fetang lilemo tse 40 ba lokela ho hlahloba bonyane selemo ka seng. Batho ba baholo ba pakeng tsa lilemo tse 18 le 39 ba nang le khatello ea mali e fetileng ho tloha pakeng tsa 130-139 mm Hg systolic le / kapa 85-89 mm Hg diastolic kapa ka likotsi tsa khatello e matla ea mali, ho kenyeletsa botenya kapa tšebeliso ea koae, le tsona li lokela ho hlahlojoa selemo le selemo .
Ho netefatsa hore na u tseba eng
Haeba u bala ka mokhoa o phahameng, ngaka ea hau e atisa ho hlahloba khatello ea mali ka makhetlo a 'maloa pele e etsoa. Ho fumanoa ha lefu la mokuli le meriana ea khatello ea meriana ho thehiloe ka karolelano ea likhaello tse peli kapa tse fetang tsa khatello ea mali bonyane liketsahalo tse peli tse fapaneng, le hoja ho behoa maeto a ho hatelloa ke mali ho khothalletsoa ho netefatsa khatello ea mali e phahameng e balloang litlhahlobo tse tloaelehileng.
Tlhokomelo ea khatello ea mali ea lehae ke mokhoa o mong oa tiiso ea ho netefatsa ha ho emisoa ha khatello ea mali ho sa fumanehe. Tlhabiso ea khatello e phahameng ea mali e baloang ofisi ea ngaka e khothalletsoa hobane bakuli ba bang ba ka 'na ba e-ba le "tšoeu e matla ea khatello ea mali".
Mehato ea khatello ea kelello e hlalosoa
Mekhahlelo e sa tšoaneng ea khatello ea meriana e ne e hlalosoa ke Komiti e Kopaneng ea Komiti ea Thibelo, Tlhahlobo, Tlhahlobo le Phekolo ea Khatello ea Mali e Phahameng (JNC7) ka 2003.
Ntle le ho hlalosa mekhahlelo e 'meli ea khatello ea meriana, JNC7 e boetse e hlalosa boemo ba ho imeloa kelellong. Boloetse ba mali bo bakoa ke lefu la pelo, ho kenyelletsa le kotsi e eketsehileng ea lefu la pelo.
Methati ea khatello ea meriana e sebetsa ho batho ba baholo ba sa phekoloang ka meriana ea khatello ea mali le ba sa sebetseng hona joale. Li hlalosoa ke JNC7 ka tsela e latelang:
- Khatello ea mali e tloaelehileng: khatello ea mali ea systolic tlase ho 120 mm Hg le khatello ea mali ea diastolic <80 mm Hg.
- Boloetse ba pelehi: khatello ea mali e tsoang ho 120 ho ea ho 139 mm Hg kapa khatello ea mali ea diastolic ho tloha ho 80 ho ea ho 89 mm Hg.
- Mothati oa kelello ea mokuli: khatello ea mali ea systolic 140 ho isa ho 159 mm HG KHAHASO ea diastolic ea mali ho tloha ho 90 ho ea ho 99 mm Hg.
- Mothati oa 2 oa khatello ea kelello: khatello ea mali ea systolic e kholo ho feta kapa e lekanang le 160 mm Hg KAPA diastolic khatello ea mali ea 100 mm Hg kapa ho feta.
Ha ho sebelisoa ho hlahloba khatello ea mali kapa ho hatelloa ha mali khatello ea mali, hangata khatello ea kelello e hlalosoa e le boima ba lihora tse 24 ho ea ho 130/80 mm Hg kapa ho feta; karolelano ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea 135/85 kapa ho feta; kapa karolelano ea bosiu ea 120/70 kapa ho feta.
Boima ba 'mele
Hoo e ka bang karolo ea 30 lekholong ea batho ba baholo United States ba na le boloetse ba mali. Batho ba nang le khatello ea mali hangata ba na le kotsing e eketsehileng ea lefu la pelo, le hoja e sa phahametse ho batho ba nang le ts'oaetso ea mali.
Haeba e sa phekoloe, lefu la phekolo ea 'mele hangata le tla tsoela pele ho ea khatellong ea mali , e bolelang khatello ea mali ea 140/90 le ho feta.
Hangata khatello ea mali e bakoa ke liphetoho tsa bophelo. Ntle le ho ja le ho ikoetlisa, ho tlohela ho tsuba , ho shebella lino tse tahang le ho boloka boima bo botle ke mehato ea bohlokoa e lokelang ho nka ho laola khatello ea mali.
Mothati oa 1 Hypertension
Ka nako e 'ngoe, sethaleng ke "khatello ea kelello e bonolo" eo ka bomalimabe e sitoang ho fetisa likotsi tse amanang le boemo bona. Ho phaella ho liphetoho tsa mekhoa ea bophelo e khothalelitsoeng ho bakuli bohle ba nang le lefu la pelehi le khatello ea kelello, Mothati oa 1 oa khatello ea kelello o kenyeletsa tšebeliso ea meriana e fapaneng ea antihypertensive e fokotsang khatello ea mali le kotsi ea ho otloa ke lefu le pelo.
Lintho tse khethiloeng ke JNC 8 li kenyeletsa li-thiazide diuretics , ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, kapa li-block block tsa calcium. Khetho e ntle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa bakuli ba Afrika Amerika ke blocker ea thiazide diuretics kapa calcium channel.
Litaelo tsa naha tse thehiloeng ke JNC8 li khothalletsa bakuli ba Afrika Boroa ba nang le khatello ea systolic 145 mm Hg kapa ho feta ho qala kalafo hang-hang ka meriana e 'meli. Haeba pakane ea hao ea khatello ea mali e e-s'o fihlehe pele khoeling ea ho qala kalafo ka meriana ea khatello ea meriana, tekanyo ea meriana e lokela ho eketseha kapa meriana e meng e ekelitsoe.
Mothati oa 2 Hypertension
Bakuli ba nang le khatello ea meriana ea bobeli ba boemo ba meriana ba lokela ho phekoloa ka phetoho ea mekhoa ea bophelo le ho qalisoa ha meriana e 'meli e sa tšoaneng ea lihlopha tse sa tšoaneng, tse khethiloeng likarolong tse hlano tse fapaneng tsa meriana ea khatello ea mali e kenyelletsoeng ke likhothatso tsa JNC Haeba linomoro tsa khatello ea mali li kena likarolong tse sa tšoaneng, nomoro e phahameng e tla sebelisoa ho khetholla sethala sa hau.
Khaello ea Matšoafo
Batho ba bangata ba tla hloka meriana e fetang e le 'ngoe kapa tse peli ho laola khatello ea mali. Ho hanyetsa khatello ea kelello ke lentsoe le sebelisetsoang ho hlalosa khatello e phahameng ea mali ho batho ba ntseng ba e-na le khatello e phahameng ea mali ho sa tsotellehe bonyane mefuta e meraro ea meriana. Haeba u na le khatello e phahameng ea khatello ea kelello, ngaka ea hau e tla batla boemo bo tlaase kapa lebaka. Meriana ea hau e ka 'na ea hloka liphetoho ho finyella taolo.
Meriana
Ho phaella litlelaseng tsa meriana tse kenyelletsoeng likhothatsong tsa JNC, ho na le mefuta e meng e mengata ea meriana ea ho phekola khatello e phahameng ea mali. Tsena li kenyelletsa beta blockers le diuretics ; li-vasodilator, tse thibelang mesifa ho pota-potile methapo ea mali ho kena konteraka; alpha blockers, e leng se thibelang maikutlo a methapo meleng ea mali; le mahlahana a bohareng ba thibelo ea thibelo ea melaetsa ea methapo e tsoang bokong e etsang hore methapo ea mali e fokotsehe. Batho ba bangata ba tla hloka meriana e fetang e le 'ngoe ho laola khatello ea mali.
Lipakane Tsa Mali
Kalafo e khothalletsoang hore e be le khatello ea meriana e akarelletsa meriana le liphetoho tsa bohlokoa tsa bophelo, joaloka lijo le boikoetliso. Sepheo sa khatello ea mali se tla itšetleha ka lilemo tsa hau le hore na o na le maemo a mang a bophelo kapa che. Batho ba nang le bophelo bo botle ba lilemo li 60 kapa ho feta ba lokela ho leka ho finyella khatello ea mali tlase ho 150/90 mm Hg. Batho ba baholo ba nang le bophelo bo botle le batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, boloetse ba methapo ea mali kapa lefu la sephio le sa foleng ba lokela ho ikemisetsa khatello ea mali tlase ho 140/90 mm Hg.
Ke habohlokoa hore u tsoele pele ho hlahloba linomoro tsa hau le ho latela litlhahiso tsohle, kaha phekolo ea khatello ea meriana e ka fokotsa kotsi ea mathata.
> Mehloli:
> Brown, M. M. (2003). Tlaleho ea bosupa ea Komiti ea Naha e Kopaneng ea Thibelo, Tlhahlobo, Tlhahlobo le Phekolo ea Khatello ea Mali e Phahameng. Tlaleho ea JNC 7. Tlhokomelo ea mahlo e thehiloeng bopaki , 4 (3), 179-181. doi: 10.1097 / 00132578-200307000
> Egan, B. M., Bandyopadhyay, D., Shaftman, S. R., Wagner, C. S., Zhao, Y., & Yu-Isenberg, K. S. (2012). Monotherapy ea pele le phekolo ea meriana le khatello ea mali e laolang selemo sa pele. Hypertension , 59 (6), 1124-1131. doi: 10.1161 / hypertensionaha.112.194167
> James, P. A., Oparil, S., Carter, B. L., Cushman, W. C., Dennison-Himmelfarb, C., Handler, J., ... Ortiz, E. (2014). Tataiso e thehiloeng ka bopaki ba bopaki ba khatello e matla ea mali ho Batho ba baholo. JAMA , 311 (5), 507. dita: 10.1001 / jama.2013.284427
> Ho hlahlojoa ha khatello ea mali e phahameng ho batho ba baholo: US Statement Services Prevention Services Task Force Statement. (2015). Annals of Internal Medicine , 163 (10), I-32. doi: 10.7326 / p15-9036
> Wald, D. S., Molao, M., Morris, J. K., Bestwick, J. P., & Wald, N. J. (2009). Phekolo ea Meriana le Monotherapy ho Fokotsa Khatello ea Mali: Ho hlahloba litlhapi ho ba 11 000 Baithaopi ba tsoang Litekong tse 42. American Journal of Medicine , 122 (3), 290-300. doi: 10.1016 / j.amjed.2008.09.038