Bacha ba sebelisang lithethefatsi (IDUs) ba 'nile ba nkoa e le sehlopheng se le seng kotsing e khōloanyane ea ho fumana HIV . Sena ke 'nete ka ho khetheha likarolong tse ling tsa Europe Bochabela le Asia Bohareng moo lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi li ntseng li tsoela pele ho ba mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho fetisetsa tšoaetsano ea mali, e leng karolo ea 70% ea tšoaetso ea HIV.
Ka kakaretso, re atisa ho kopanya tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le lithethefatsi tse seng molaong tse kang heroine kapa motsoako oa heroine le cocaine ("speedballing").
Le ha tsena li ntse li tsoela pele ho ba lithethefatsi tse atisang ho sebelisoa ke li-IDU tse nang le tšoaetso ea HIV, ho bile le liphetoho tse amanang le ho fetoha ha lithethefatsi lilemong tsa morao tjena.
Ho ea ka tlaleho ea 2013 ea Public Health England (PHE), tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse entsoeng ka kankere, setšoantšo le ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebetso (IPEDs) joaloka li-anabolic steroid le hormone ea ho hōla ha batho (HGH) e ntse e phahama, le kotsi ea HIV e lekana le e leng ea basebelisi ba heroin ba arolelanang lisebelisoa.
Ha e le hantle, likarolong tse ling tsa UK, basebelisi ba IPED ba emela sehlopha se se nang molekane, se seholohali sa batho ba fumanang mananeo a phapanyetsano ea lintja, 'me hoo e batlang e le a le mong ho ba leshome ba fumanoe ba e-na le HIV , lefu la sebete la mofuta oa B (HBV) kapa hepatitis C (HCV) . Tlaleho e boetse e hlalositse keketseho e tšosang, ea makhetlo a mararo tšebelisong ea amphetamines e nang le lithethefatsi (ho akarelletsa le crystal methamphetamine le mephedrone) har'a basebedisi ba IPED.
Mehla e bohareng ea sehlopha sa thuto e ne e le lilemo tse 28, 'me karolo ea 36 lekholong e tlalehile hore e nkile li-anabolic steroids ka lilemo tse hlano kapa ho feta.
Ka kakaretso, hoo e ka bang 18% ba tlaleha hore ba arolelana nale kapa sering, ho arolelana sehlahisoa sa lithethefatsi, kapa ka bobeli ha ba nka IPED.
HIV le Anabolic Steroid Sebeliso
Le hoja re atisa ho kopanya li-anabolic steroids le li-bodybuilders le lipapali tsa baatlelete, li ka sebelisoa ho phekola maemo a mangata a amanang le HIV. Ka linako tse ling phekolo ea steroid ea li-anabolic e bontšoa bakeng sa batho ba ileng ba e-ba le tšenyo e matla ka lebaka la HIV kapa tahlehelo e matla ea mesifa ka lebaka la lipodystrophy (ka linako tse ling ho boelloa ha 'mele oa mafura a' mele ka nako e 'ngoe).
Tlhahlobo ea phetoho ea Testosterone e boetse e sebelisoa ho banna le basali ba nang le tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko ea HIV ba nang le li-testosterone ( hypogonadism ) tse fokolang haholo.
Le hoja liphetoho tse sa hlajoeng tsa lithethefatsi tsena li fumaneha-ho kopanyelletsa le meriana ea molomo, li-patches tsa transdermal le li-topical-liente tse atisang ho behoa ho latela taba ea phekolo ea bongaka.
E ka ntle ho moelelo ona, sebakeng sa setšoantšo le ntlafatso ea tshebetso, hore kotsi ea HIV e bonahala e eketseha. Kajeno ho tlalehoa hore ka hare ho Engelane le Wales, sebaka seo thuto ea PHE e neng e lebisitsoe ho sona, ho hakanngoa hore ho na le batho ba 37 000 ho isa ho 82,000 ba sebelisitseng li-steroid tsa anabolic nakong ea selemo.
Li-Anabolic Steroids le Amphetamine
Har'a basebelisi ba IPED thutong ena, ho sebelisoa ha methapo ea amphetamine e nang le lithethefatsi ho nkoa e le holimo haholo ho banna ba kopanelang liphate le banna (MSM) . Ho ea ka phuputso eo, mohoeletsi a le mong ho ba bane o ile a tlaleha ho kenya mochine oa lithethefatsi, oo karolo ea 25 lekholong e neng e arolelana nale kapa seringe.
Ho se ho fetile nako e telele ho tseba hore tšebeliso ea li-amphetamine tse nang le injectable (mokhoa o tsejoang e le "slamming") o ka eketsa monyetla oa ho fetisetsa tšoaetso ea HIV-eseng feela ha lisebelisoa li arolelanoa. Ho tsebahala ka likamano tsa botona le botšehali ho tsebahala ho eketseha tlas'a tšusumetso ea methamphetamine ea kristale le lithethefatsi tse tšoanang tsa sehlopha.
Le hoja sena se ka 'na sa ikarabella bakeng sa tšoaetso ea HIV e bonoang har'a barupeluoa ba ithutang, ka karolelano feela 5% ba tlalehile lithethefatsi tse kenang lithethefatsi' me karolo ea 9 lekholong feela ea tsona e arolelana nale. Ka hona, le hoja tšebeliso ea motlakase ea amphetamine e ka eketsa kotsi ea tšoaetso ho motho ka mong, ha e nahane ka ho eketseha ha tšoaetso ea HIV / HBV / HCV e bontsitsoeng har'a basebedisi ba IPED.
Tsela ea ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho fetisa
E 'ngoe ea mehato ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ho fokotsa kotsi ea HIV ho basebelisi ba IPED ke ho qala ho lumela hore tšebeliso ea injectable anabolic steroids, HGH, testosterone, kapa griadotropin ea batho e na le likotsi tse tšoanang le tse ling tsa lithethefatsi tse nang le lithethefatsi.
Ka hona, melao e tšoanang e sebetsa ha ho fokotsa boitšoaro bo kotsi, e leng:
- U se ke oa arolelana li-needle kapa li-syringe, 'me u qobe ho arolelana melomo ea IPED pakeng tsa basebelisi ba bangata.
- Fumana lenane la phapanyetsano ea lintsing ho etsa bonnete ba hore u na le lisebelisoa tse ngata kapa li-syringe.
- Haeba u iphumana u le boemong boo lisebelisoa li arolelanoang kapa li sebeliselitsoeng hape, nka mehato e nepahetseng ea ho etsa bonnete ba hore li na le disinfected pakeng tsa tšebeliso.
- Qoba tšebeliso ea IPED ha u le tlas'a ts'oaetso ea joala, lithethefatsi kapa ntho efe kapa efe e ka amang tsela eo u ahlolang ka eona. Batla phekolo e nepahetseng ha mohlomong joala kapa joala hampe.
- Haeba o arolelana lisebelisoa 'me u tšaba hore u na le tšoaetso ea HIV, e-ea tleliniking ea hau ea haufi kapa kamoreng ea tšohanyetso ntle ho tieho ho fumana post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP ), e tsejoang ho fokotsa menyetla ea tšoaetso ea HIV.
'Me qetellong, hopola hore HIV hase eona feela ho tšoenyeha ho amanang le tšebeliso ea IPED. Tšebeliso ea nako e telele ea anabolic steroids le testosterone e ka baka mathata a matla a sebete, ho akarelletsa le boloetse ba kankere le kankere. Mathata a sefate, lesela la banna, litlhaloso tsa ho kopanela liphate, ho se sebetse ka thobalano, ho atolosoa ha letekatse, ho eketsa matsoele, le "khalefo e matla" (ho hlekefetsoa ka ho feteletseng le ho tšoenyeha) ho tloaelehile hape.
Mohloli:
Mokhatlo o Kopaneng oa Machaba a Kopaneng oa HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Lethathamo la 'nete 06 | Europe Bochabela le Asia Bohareng." Geneva, Switzerland; 2006.
Hope, V .; McVeigh, J .; Marongui, A .; et al. "Ho ata ha maemo, le maemo a kotsi, HIV, lefu lena la lefu la hepatitis B le C har'a banna ba kenang litšoantšo le lisebelisoa tse matlafatsang lithethefatsi: thuto ea sehlabelo." British Journal of Medicine. La 12 September, 2013; 3 (9): e003027.
Home Office. "Tataiso ea Mofuta oa Tšebeliso e mpe ea Meriana: Liphuputso tse entsoeng ke Tlhahlobo ea Tlōlo ea Molao ea Engelane le Wales." London, Engelane; La 25 July, 2013.
Grinspoon, S. "Tšebeliso ea Androgens ho banna le basali ba nang le tšoaetso ea HIV." Lingaka tsa Phuputso ea Inthanete Notebook. March 2005.