Litlhahiso tse tsoang ho US Public Health Service
Ka 1996, US Public Health Service (USPHS) e ile ea fana ka tataiso ea pele tabeng ea tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa li-ARV ( post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) maemong a ho pepeseha mosebetsing oa HIV le basebetsi ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo (HCP).
Ka August 2013, USPHS e ntlafalitse tataiso ea lekhetlo la bone, e thehiloe litlhahiso tsa bona ka ho fumaneha le katleho ea li-ARV tsa moloko o mocha, hammoho le boitsebiso ba morao-rao ka tšireletso ea nako e telele ea li-ARV tse neng li lumelloa pele ho sebelisoa.
E 'ngoe ea lihlooho tsa lekala la ho hlahloba:
- Ho atleha ka ho feletseng ho li-ARV tse khethiloeng
- Ho se mamelloe le toxicities
- Ts'ireletso ea lithethefatsi nakong ea bokhachane le nakong ea bokhachane
- Pilisi moroalo le khafetsa ea ho laola
Ho hlalosa Tlhahlobo ea Mosebetsi
Ho ba le tšoaetso ea HIV har'a HCP ho hlalosoa e le bobe bo ka bang kotsi (mohlala, setlolo sa ho hloekisa kapa ho khaola ka ntho e bohale), kapa ho kopana le lesela le sa lekaneng (mohlala, ho koala kapa ho tšoaroa ke dermatitis) le tšoaetso ea mali a tšoaetsoeng ke HIV. , lisele, kapa metsoako e meng ea 'mele e nkoang e ka tšoaetsanoa.
Tsena li kenyelletsa sekhahla sa motsoako oa metsi, amniotic fluid, pericardial fluid (mokelikeli o tsoang ka lehare le pota-potileng utloa), synovial fluid (mokelikeli o potolohileng manonyeletso), mokelikeli o motlakase (mokelikeli o tsoang liphatleng tse potolohileng matšoafo); le peritoneal fluid (li-lubricating fluid tse ka hare ho mpa).
Litlolo, masapo, masapo, likoti, mofufutso, meokho, moroto le ho hlatsa ha li nkoe li ka tšoaetsanoa ntle leha li bonahala li le tšollo ea mali.
Ho feta moo, le hoja ho loma batho ho lokela ho hlahlojoa ka bomong, ho bile le linyeoe tse ngotsoeng tsa tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko ea HIV ka ho loma batho ka tlhokomelo ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo.
Liphetoho tsa bohlokoa melaong ea USPHS
Litaelo tsa pele, tse fanoeng ka 2005, li khothalletsa hore matla a ho pepeseha a hlahlojoe ho hlahloba hore na a ka sebelisa li-ARV tse peli kapa ho feta.
Khothatso eo e felile ka ho feletseng, 'me USPHS e lumellana le tšebeliso ea li-ARV tse tharo kapa ho feta bakeng sa ts'ebeliso eohle ea mosebetsi.
Tlhahiso-pele e nchafalitsoeng e fana ka maikutlo a hore tšebeliso ea liteko tsa bone tsa antigen / antibody e ka fokotsa nako ea tlhahlobo ea kalafo ka mor'a likhoeli tse tšeletseng ho isa ho likhoeli tse 'nè.
Tlhaloso ea Tataiso
Ha ho khoneha ho pepeseha mosebetsing oa HIV:
- PEP e lokela ho kenngoa ts'ebetsong hang-hang, ka nako e telele ho feta lihora tse ngata tsa ho pepa. Ho buisana ka litsebi ho lokela ho nkoa kamehla, empa eseng ka litšenyehelo tsa ho lieha ho phekola.
- Tlhahlobo ea motheo ea HIV e ne e tla fuoa ho fumana boemo ba HIV ea HCP. Ha ho khoneha, boemo ba HIV ba mohloli oa mokuli bo lokela ho batloa ho thusa ho tataisa tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea PEP.
- Li-ARV tse tharo kapa ho feta li tla be li behiloe, ho latela setšoantšo se setle sa phello le litlhophiso tse loketseng tsa ho etsa li-ARV. (Sheba Litlhahiso Tse Hlaselitsoeng Tsa Meriana e Khothalletsoang , ka tlase.) Ho tseba kapa ho belaelloa hore moimana (kapa ho anyesa) ho tla tsoela pele ho fumana khetho ea lithethefatsi ho ba bang.
- Ho phaella tekong ea motheo ea HIV, HCP e lokela ho fuoa liteko tse hlokahalang tsa laboratory bakeng sa ho lebella lithethefatsi tse tahang. Liteko li lokela ho kenyelletsa, bonyenyane, tekanyo e feletseng ea mali (CBC), hammoho le liteko tsa ts'ebetso ea liphio le sebete.
- PEP e ne e tla qala le ho tsoelapele ka matsatsi a 28. Keletso ea pele ho phekolo e lokela ho fanoa e le ho sebetsana ka katleho le ho khomarela hantle , litla-morao tse ka khonehang, le litšebelisano tsa meriana.
- Litomellano tsa ho latela li lokela ho qala lihora tse 72 tsa ho pepeseha, 'me li kenyelle tlhahlobo ea HIV le tlhabollo. Tlhokomelo ea bobeli ea li-lab ea likokoana-hloko tsa lithethefatsi e lokela ho etsoa libeke tse peli.
- Ka mor'a moo, tlhahlobo ea HIV e lokela ho etsoa libeke tse tšeletseng, libeke tse 12, le likhoeli tse tšeletseng ka mor'a ho pepesa. Haeba moloko oa bone o kopanyelletsa tlhahlobo ea HIV p24 ea antigen / HIV khahlanong le HIV, tlhahlobo ea ho latela e ka etsoa libeke tse tšeletseng le likhoeli tse 'nè ka mor'a ho pepesa.
Mekhoa e reretsoeng ea lithethefatsi
The USPHS e khothalletsa tšebeliso ea Viread (tenofovir) le Emtriva (emtricitabine) kapa ho kopanya lithethefatsi tse peli ho thehoa lipilisi tse le 'ngoe, Truvada -plus Isentress (raltegravir) ea PEP ka liketso tsa ho pepeseha mosebetsing.
Mekhoa e meng ea lithethefatsi ena e ka sebelisoa ha ho e-na le lefu le bakoang ke lefu la tšoaetso kapa maemo a mang a ka 'nang a hanyetsa tšebeliso ea meriana e boletsoeng.
Viramune (nevirapine) ha ea lokela ho ngoloa bakeng sa PEP, ha li-ARV li sa buelloa kamehla bakeng sa PEP li lokela ho qojoa. Tsena li kenyelletsa Videx (didanosine) le Aptivus (tipranavir), hammoho le motsoako oa Zerit (stavudine) le Videx.
> Mohloli:
> Kuhar, D .; Henderson, D .; E tsitsitseng, K .; et al. "Ho ntlafalitsoe Litaiso tsa Ts'ebeletso tsa Bophelo ba Sechaba sa US bakeng sa Tsamaiso ea Lik'homphieutha tsa Occupational to Virus and Immunodeficiency Virus le Liphoso tsa Postexposure Prophylaxis." Tlhokomelo ea tšoaetso le Maloetse a Sepetlele. La 6 August, 2013; 34 (9): 875-892.