Myasthenia Gravis, Lambert-Eaton, le Botulism
Ha u nahana ka lisosa tsa bofokoli, ho molemo haholo ho nahana ka molaetsa oa motlakase oa ho thunngoa ho tloha ho cortex ea boko ho ea fihla mesifa ea maiketsetso. Ha re ntse re le tseleng, tšusumetso e tsamaea ka lehare la mokokotlo ho ea ho lenaka la pele , ho tsoa metsong ea methapo ea mokokotlo, tlas'a methapo ea meriana , 'me qetellong ho e-na le khetho ea neuromuscular.
Phapang ea neuromuscular ke moo mochine oa motlakase o etsang hore li-neurotransmitters li lokolloe li-vesicles qetellong ea methapo ea matla (e leng sehlabelo).
Li-neurotransmitters li tšela lekhalo le lenyenyane pakeng tsa sephahla sa methapo ( synapse ) le holim'a mesifa (sepakapaka). Ho letela li-transmitter ka lehlakoreng le leng la lekhalo ke li-reception tse khethehileng tse lumellanang le mochineli joaloka senotlolo sa senotlolo. Ha ho e-na le se loketseng, li-ion tse senyang li lebisa mokokotlong oa mesifa.
Motsoako oa neurotransmitter o ne o tloaetse ho bontša pakeng tsa methapo le mesifa ke acetylcholine. Ho na le litsela tse 'maloa tsa ho feta ha acetylcholine neurotransmitter pakeng tsa methapo le mesifa cTan e ka sitisoa. Mehlala e meraro e ntlehali ke myasthenia gravis , lefu la Lambert-Eaton, le botulinum chefo.
Myasthenia Gravis
Kaha ho na le batho ba pakeng tsa 150 le 200 ho batho ba limilione, myasthenia gravis ke lefu le tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa la neuromuscular, 'me e' ngoe ea tse utloisisoang ka ho fetisisa tsa mafu ohle a kelello. Lefu lena le bakoa ke bofokoli ba mesifa ka lebaka la ho koaloa li-receptor tsa neurotransmitter ka mesifa.
Hangata li-antibodies tse reretsoeng ho hlasela tšoaetso e hlaselang li etsa liphoso tsa acetylcholine bakeng sa likokoana-hloko le tlhaselo. Ho ikoetlisa ho atisa ho etsa hore bofokoli boo bo be bobe le ho feta. Pakeng tsa 60 ho isa ho 70 lekholong ea batho ba nang le myasthenia gravis ba na le bothata ba thymus , 'me karolo ea 10 ho ea ho ea 12 lekholong e na le thymoma. Mefuta e meng ea phekolo e teng.
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS)
Hangata Lambert-Eaton e bitsoa lefu la paraneoplastic , e bolelang hore li-antibodies tse amanang le kankere li boetse li hlasela karolo ea tsamaiso ea methapo. Ho fapana le myasthenia gravis, eo ho eona mehaho e hlasetsoeng e leng mesifa, bothata ba LEMS bo na le qetello ea methapo ea motlakase. Liseishene tsa calcium li atisa ho bula le ho fana ka pontšo bakeng sa ho lokolloa ha li-neurotransmitters, empa ha li khone ho etsa joalo ka LEMS hobane li-antibodies li hlaselitse mocha. Ka lebaka leo, ha ho na mochine oa li-neurotransmitter o lokollotsoeng, 'me mokuli o fumana bofokoli hobane mesifa e sitoa ho fumana letšoao ho ea konteraka. Ka ho ikoetlisa ka makhetlo a mangata, bothata bo ka hlōloa; kahoo ka LEMS, ka linako tse ling matšoao a ntlafatsoa ka bokhutšoanyane ka boiteko bo tsoelang pele
Botulism
Ka linako tse ling chefo ea botulinum e sebelisoa ka boomo ke lingaka ho qobella mesifa hore e phomole maemong a dystonia . Mofuteng oa eona oa nontherapeutic, toxin e hlahisoa ke libaktheria 'me e ka baka lefu la ho shoela litho tse qalang ka mesifa ea sefahleho le molaleng le ho theoha holim'a' mele oohle. Joaloka likoluoa tse ling tsa khohlano ea neuromuscular, sena se ka ba tšohanyetso ea bongaka e hlokang ho phomola . Li-protein tse hlaselang chefo e lumellang li-vesicle tse tletseng li-neurotransmitter ka hare ho se-synaptic neuron hore li kene qetellong ea mmele pele li kenella pakeng tsa methapo le mesifa.
Kalafo ke moriana oa chefo ea botulinum, e lokelang ho fanoa hang ha ho khoneha.
Mathata a mang a Neuromuscular Junction
Lithethefatsi tse ling, tse kang penicillamine le li-statine tse ling, hangata li ka etsa hore motho a itšoare ka tsela e ikhethileng e etsisang myathenia gravis. Meriana e mengata e ka mpefala kapa ea tlisa bothata ho motho ea seng a e-na le myasthenia gravis.
Tlhahlobo ea Maloetse a Lejoe la Neuromuscular
Ntle le tlhahlobo ea 'mele, mohato oa pele oa ho hlahloba lefu la khethollo ea neuromuscular ke electromyogram le thuto ea methapo ea ho khanna. Tsena ha li thuse feela ho khetholla pakeng tsa myasthenia gravis, botulinum toxicity, le Lambert-Eaton empa hape e ka thusa ho thibela mathata a mang a kang motlakase oa neuron, ho akarelletsa amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Mathata a khethollo ea neuromuscular e ka ba e tebileng haholo, e hlokang ho phomola le moea o motlakase ho thusa ho phefumoloha haeba bofokoli bo ba boima haholo. Mekhoa ea mathata a fapane haholo, a hlokang phekolo e fapaneng. Tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ke mohato oa pele oa ho boela o fumana matla le polokeho.
Lisebelisoa:
Ropper AH, Samuels MA. Adams le Melao-motheo ea Victor's Neurology, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.
Hal Blumenfeld, Neuroanatoma ka Mesebetsi ea Kliniki. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002.