Seo U Lokelang ho se Tseba
Efdra sinica ke setlama se nang le histori e telele ea tšebeliso ea meriana e tloaelehileng ea Machaena bakeng sa asthma, bronchitis, ho kula le matšoao a matšoafo.
Nakong ea li-80s, ephedra e ile ea tsebahala ka ntle ho meriana e tloaelehileng ea Chaena bakeng sa tahlehelo ea boima ba 'mele le ho ntlafatsa tshebetso ea papali. Ho tsebahala ha eona ho ile ha tsoela pele ho hōla, 'me ho fumanoe mefuteng e mengata e nang le phepo e nepahetseng e rekisetsoang ho lahleheloa ke boima ba' mele le ho ntlafatsoa ha ts'ebetso ho fihlela li-supplement tse nang le ephedra li thibetsoe ke US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ka 2006.
Mefuta e ka sehloohong e sebetsang ka ephedra e lumeloa e le li-alkaloids ephedrine le pseudoephedrine, tse nahanoang hore li eketsa lebelo la pelo, li thibela methapo ea mali (e leng ho eketsa khatello ea mali), ho fokotsa li-tubes (e leng ho nolofalletsang ho hema) le ho ba le thepa ea thermogenic ( ho eketsa mocheso oa 'mele le tekanyo ea meriana).
Sebopeho sa pseudoephedrine se fumanoa ho feta li-decongestants le li-meriana tse batang, 'me li-synthetic ephedrine li sebelisoa ho phekola asthma (empa boholo ba eona e nkeloe sebaka ke meriana e mecha). Synthetic ephedrine le pseudoephedrin le tsona li sebeliselitsoe ho etsa methamphetamine ea lithethefatsi e seng molaong, joalokaha ho tlalehiloe ke The New York Times .
Efdra United States
Lijo tse tlatsitsoeng tsa lijo tse nang le lisele leha e le life tsa ephedra alkaloids li thibetsoe United States ho tloha ka 2006.
Naheng ea Canada, ephedra e lumelloa ke Health Canada hore e sebelisoe feela joaloka motho ea nang le boits'oaro bo botle ba mantlha.
Meriana e tlatsitsoeng ka ephedra e ke ke ea e-ba le li-stimulants, tse kang caffeine, tse ka 'nang tsa eketsa phello ea ephedra. Hape, li ke ke tsa feta 400 mg ka tekanyo kapa 1600 mg ka letsatsi ea ephedra, kapa 8 mg ephedrine ka tekanyo kapa 32 mg ka letsatsi ea ephedrine. Lintho tse nang le litlaleho tse boletsoeng kapa tse se nang tšireletso bakeng sa tahlehelo ea boima ba 'mele, takatso ea takatso ea lijo, liphello tsa' mele kapa matla a eketsehileng ha lia lumelloa.
Lebaka Leo Batho ba Sebelisang Efdrada
1) Tahlehelo ea boima ba 'mele: Efdra e sebelisoa ho lahleheloa ke boima ba' mele. Baeletsi ba re e ka thusa ho ntlafatsa boima ba 'mele le ho thibela takatso ea lijo.
Pele ho thibelo ea ephedra e tlatsetsa, lijo tse ngata tse tlatselitsoeng ho rekisoa ka boima ba 'mele li boetse li na le litlama tse nang le caffeine, tse kang tee e tala, yerba mate le guarana . Leha ho le joalo, motsoako oa ephedra / caffeine o nkoa ka hohle ho eketsa menyetla ea bophelo bo botle 'me ha e khothalletsoe.
2) Tšebeliso ea lipapali: Efdra e tšoana le ho etsoa ho amphetamine, ka hona e sebelisitsoe ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea lipapali ka matla le mamello ea lipapali, ho eketsa ho falimeha le ho hlekefetsa tšimong, le ho fokotsa mokhathala lipapaling tse kang ice hockey, baseball, bolo ea maoto, le libaesekele. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho na bopaki bo botle ba hore e ka ntlafatsa tshebetso ea lipapali, mme ha e khothalletsoe ka morero ona e fuoeng litla-morao tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba teng.
Efdra e thibetsoe ke mekhatlo e mengata ea lipapali, ho kenyeletsa Komiti ea Machaba ea Liolimpiki, National Football League (NFL) le National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
3) Matšoafo le Mathata a mang a ho phefumoloha: Efratha e na le histori e telele ea ho sebelisa meriana ea setso ea Machaena e le pheko ea batho bakeng sa asthma , bronchitis, ho kula, feberu, ho tsuba le matšoao a mafu a mafu a kang mafu a mongobo.
Lithako
Litla-morao tsa ephedra li kenyeletsa:
- ho nyekeloa ke pelo
- hlooho; botsoa
- ho halefa ha mpa; letšollo
- ho tšoenyeha; psychosis
- liphio tsa majoe
- ho thothomela
- molomo o omileng
- mekhoa ea pelo e sa tloaelehang kapa e potlakileng; ho senya pelo
- khatello ea mali e phahameng
- ho hloka botsitso; ho tšoha; mathata a ho robala
- fokotseha takatso ea lijo
- ho hlatsa; ho fufuleloa
- ho eketseha ha metsi
Tšebeliso ea ephedra e boetse e amahanngoa le ho otloa ke pelo , ho tsieleha, lefu la kelello le lefu.
Phuputso e entsoeng ke Mekhatlo ea Sechaba ea Bophelo e ile ea hlahloba litlaleho tse bohloko tsa liketsahalo tse 16 000 'me ea tsebahatsa lefu la batho ba babeli, liropo tse robong, lihlaseli tse' nè tsa lefu la pelo, linyeoe tse le 'ngoe le litsi tse hlano tsa mafu a kelello tse amanang le tšebeliso ea ephedra moo ho neng ho se na mabaka a mang a neng a ka kenya letsoho ho tsena liphello.
Phuputso e entsoeng ke NIH e boetse e fihletse qeto ea hore ephedra e ne e amahanngoa le likotsi tse phahameng tsa litla-morao tse bonolo ho isa boemong bo tloaelehileng tse kang ho otloa ke pelo, liphello tsa mafu a kelello le ho senya, le matšoao a ho tsuba ha tsamaiso ea methapo ea boithati (ho thothomela, ho hloka taolo), haholo ha e kopantsoe le caffeine kapa tse ling tse susumetsang joaloka kola nut, tee e tala, guarana kapa yerba mate.
Litla-morao tse ngata tsa ephedra li 'nile tsa bitsoa ho tlōla tekano, tlhekefetso le ho li kopanya le lintho tse ling tse hlasimollang tse eketsang phello ea eona, tse kang caffeine. Litla-morao tsa ephedra, leha ho le joalo, li ka fapana 'me ha li itšetlehe kamehla ka tekanyo. Liphello tse bohloko tse tebileng li ka 'na tsa boela tsa etsahala ho batho ba nang le tšoaetso ea letho ka maemong a fokolang.
Kotsi ea litla-morao le liphello tse bohloko li bonahala li le khōlō ho batho ba nang le maemo a sa feleng, a kang lefu la pelo, khatello e matla ea mali; Mathata a likhahla tsa pelo; lefu la qoqotho; hypoglycemia; glaucoma; ho tšoenyeha; glaucoma; pheochromocytoma; lefu la tsoekere; lefu la liphio kapa majoe a liphio; lefu la kelello kapa histori ea lefu la kelello; prostate e atolositsoeng; ho se sebetse ha bongobo le histori ea ho oela, ho otloa ke lefu, kapa ho hlaseloa ha khemik'hale ea nakoana. Batho ba nang le maemo ana a bophelo bo botle ba lokela ho qoba ephedra. Batho ba nang le pheko ho ephedra, ephedrine, kapa pseudoephedrine ba lokela ho qoba ephedra.
Efdra e lumeloa hore e eketsa menyetla ea ho otloa ke mocheso hobane e eketsa metabolism mme e senya matla a 'mele oa ho lahleheloa ke mocheso.
Efdra ha ea lokela ho nkoa libeke tse peli pele kapa ka morao ho buuoa. Ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa ke basali ba bakhachane kapa ba anyesang kapa bana. Batho ba nang le anorexia nervosa kapa bulimia ba lokela ho qoba ephedra hobane e ama takatso ea lijo.
Lisebelisoa ha li e-s'o hlahlojoe polokeho 'me ka lebaka la hore lijo tse ling tsa lijo tse ngata li sa tsamaisoe ka molao, lihlahisoa tsa lihlahisoa tse ling li ka fapana le se hlalositsoeng holim'a lihlahisoa tsa sehlahisoa. Hape hopola hore polokeho ea likhallelo ho basali ba nang le bakhachane, bo-'mè ba tlhokomelo, bana le ba nang le maemo a bophelo kapa ba noang meriana ha e e-s'o thehoe.
Hopola, lihlahisoa tse nang le ephedra li thibetsoe ke FDA ka 2006.
Likamano tse ka khonehang
Ho itšetlehile ka likamano tse tsebahalang pakeng tsa metsoako e sebetsang ea ephedra, ephedrine, le pseudoephedrine, meriana e latelang e ka sebelisana le ephedra:
- Aerolate, T-Phyl, le Uniphyl (theophylline) - meriana e sebelisoang bakeng sa asthma, emphysema le bronchitis e sa foleng
- Amphetamine, e kang e sebelisetsoang ho hlaphoheloa ke likokoana-hloko kapa ho hlokomolohuoa ho se tsitsitseng, joaloka Adderall (dextroamphetamine)
- Li-anti-depressants, haholo-holo monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tse kang Marplan (isocarboxazid), Nardil (phenelzine) le Parnate (tranylcypromine), ka lebaka la kotsi e eketsehileng ea khatello e matla ea mali le ho otloa ke lefu; li-tricyclic tse thibelang ho tepella maikutlo, tse kang Elavil (amitriptyline) le Pamelor (nortriptyline)
- Aspirine (acetylsalicylic acid
- Meriana ea khatello ea mali
- Meriana ea lefu la tsoekere, e kang insulin, Glucophage (metformin), Diabeta, Glynase, Micronase (glyburide
- Li-narcotics tse kang codeine
- Pitosin (Oxytocin) kapa Dilivatives ea Secale Alkaloid
- Mokhoakho oa St. John's
- Litšusumetso. Efdra ha ea lokela ho kopanngoa le lintho tse ling tse nang le phello e matla, e kang caffeine le li-Sudafed (pseudoephedrine hydrochloride), kaha e ka ba le phello e matla. Litlama tse tsejoang hore li na le caffeine li kenyelletsa tee e tala, kola nut, guarana le yerba mate, ha lehlabula la lamunu le susumetsa motho.
> Mehloli:
> Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckmann J. Meriana ea Meriana: Khothaletso ea Komiti ea Li-Monograph Boston: Meriana e tsitsitseng ea puisano; 2000: 111-117.
> Tlhokomelo ea Lijo le Lithethefatsi. FDA e phatlalatsa thekiso ea thibelo ea lijo tsa lijo tse nang le liphallelo tse nang le Efdrine Alkaloids e sebetsang ka la 12 April, la 12, la 2004.
> Tlhokomelo ea Lijo le Lithethefatsi. Lekhotla la Bobeli la Boipiletso la Potoloho Lea Tšehetsa Lihlahisoa tsa FDA tsa ho thibela lijo tse nang le li-Ephedrine Alkaloids. La 23 August 2006.
> Bophelo ba Canada. Efdra / ephedrine - Lipotso Tse Atisang ho Botsoa. January 2002.
> Mekhatlo ea Sechaba ea Bophelo bo Botle ba Lijo. Efdra le Efdrine Alkaloids bakeng sa Tahlehelo ea Boima ba 'Mele le Tšebetso ea Lipapali. La 1 July, 2004.
> Shekelle P, Morton SC, Maglione M, Hardy M, Suttorp M, Roth E, Jungvig L, Mojica W, Gagné J, Rhodes S, McKinnon E, le Newberry S. Efdra le Efdrine bakeng sa ho Lahleheloa ke Mesebetsi le Matlafatso a Ts'ebetso: Mokhoa o atlehang le liphello tse mpe. Ho itokiselitse Setsi sa Lipatlisiso le Bophelo bo Botle, 2003.