Translocations ea Chromosome ka Leukemia le Lymphomas
Kakaretso
Translocation ke mofuta oa phetoho e sa tloaelehang sebopeho sa chromosome e etsahalang ha karolo e itseng ea chromosome e qeta ebe e khomarela e 'ngoe ea chromosome. "Liphetoho" tsena ke sesosa sa bohlokoa sa mefuta e mengata ea lymphomas le leukemias .
Bophelo
Li-chromosome tsa rona li boloka boitsebiso bohle ba lefutso boo re bo futsitseng ho batsoali ba rona. Re na le li-chromosomes tse 23 - tse 1 tse tsoang ho bo-'mè ba rona le tse 1 tse tsoang ho bo-ntat'a rona - bakeng sa li-chromosome tse 46 ho bohle.
Ka kromosome e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ke liphatsa tsa lefutso tse makholo tse fanang ka khoeli bakeng sa ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ho tloha ka 'mala oa mahlo a rona ho liprotheine tse laolang likarolo tsa lisele tsa' mele ea rona.
Ha lisele tsa rona li arola, kopi ea li-chromosome ea rona e etsoa. Ka linako tse ling ts'ebetso ena e fosahetse, 'me karolo ea karoloana ea chromosome e ka qetella e amana le chromosome e' ngoe.
Ha re bua ka liphetoho tsa lefutso la kankere, e ka ba e ferekanyang haholo, kahoo re batla ho netefatsa hore ho khetholla ho le joalo ho hlakile hang-hang. Tse ling tsa liphetoho tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso ke tsa nnete mme li bitsoa phetoho ea likokoana-hloko , mofuta oa liphetoho kapa liphetoho tse ling tsa lefutso tseo u nang le tsona ho tloha ha u tsoaloa, empa liphetoho tse ngata tsa lefutso tseo u tla li utloa ka tsona li fumanoe kapa li fetoha ka tsela e ts'oanang - liphetoho le liphetoho tsa lefutso tse hlahang 'meleng oa hau ka morao tsoalo le hamorao bophelong.
Mefuta
Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea translocation.
- Translocation e leka-lekaneng - Ka translocation e leka-lekaneng, likarolo tse lekanang tsa li-chromosome tse peli li fapanyetsana, kahoo ha ho na tlhahisoleseding e eketsehileng kapa e haellang ea lefutso.
- Translocations e sa leka-lekaneng - Ka translocation e sa leka-lekaneng, phapanyetsano e akarelletsa likarolo tse sa lekanyetsoang tsa chromosome 'me e lebisa ho liphatsa tsa lefutso tse eketsehileng kapa tse sieo.
Li-translocations li bontšoa ho sebelisa nyeoe e tlaase "t" le li-chromosome tse peli tse amehang ka libakete. Ka mohlala, translocation pakeng tsa li-chromosome 9 le chromosome 22 e tla bontšoa ke t (9; 22).
Ho Sebelisana le Kankere
Translocation ke mofuta oa ho hlaseloa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ka 'nang tsa etsa hore liphatsa tsa lefutso tse sa tloaelehang li fetohe liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa kankere. Bo-rasaense ha ba tsebe hantle hore na ke eng e etsang hore liphetoho tsena tsa chromosomal li hlahe, empa ho na le mabaka a itseng a kotsing bakeng sa ntshetsopele ea lymphomas le leukemias, 'me ho pepeseha ha tikoloho ho ka' na ha kenyelletsoa tšenyo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso. Liphetoho tsena li ka boela tsa etsahala ha DNA ka liseleng tsa rona e senngoa ke chefo kapa tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko. Leha ho le joalo, li ka 'na tsa hlaha ka lebaka la "phoso" ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho arohana ha sele, hape. Kaha lisele tsa rona li arohana ho pholletsa le bophelo ba rona, monyetla oa hore "phoso" ka karohano e tla etsahala e eketsa ba baholo. Sena se nahana hore ke se seng sa mabaka a etsang hore batho ba bangata ba kankere ba tloaelehe ho feta bao re ba fumaneng.
Ho utloisisa hore na liphetoho tse amang ts'oaetso ea kankere li ka thusa joang ho utloisisa hanyenyane ka hore na liphetoho tsa lefutso le liphetoho tsa lefutso li baka kankere joang . Ho nahanoa hore liphetoho li ka 'na tsa sebetsa ka ho fetola li-oncogenes (liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa kankere) ho, kapa ka ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso sebakeng se le seng. Liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa likokoana-hloko ke liphatsa tsa lefutso tse thusang ho laola mehato ea lisele tsa cellular, ha e sa laolehe, e ka lebisa kankere; ha e le hantle ba itšoara joaloka tsamaiso ea ho pshatla ka koloing, athe li-oncogenes li etsa ho hongata joaloka accelerator e khomaretseng boemong boo.
Ka kakaretso, liphetoho tse hlahisoang ke leukemias le lymphomas li bakoa ke liphetoho tsa DNA, empa sena ha se joalo kamehla. Hangata ke motsoako oa liphetoho tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso ho e-na le e le 'ngoe kapa tse peli tse hlahisang kankere,' me maemong a mang, tse ling tsa liphetoho tsena li ka hlaha pele ho hlaha. Ka mohlala, ho bana ba bang ba nang le kankere ea mali ea acute lymphocytic, liphetoho tsa liphatsa tsa pele tsa lefutso li ka 'na tsa etsahala ha lesea le ntse le le pōpelong.
Lik'hemik'hale tsa Mali (Leukemias le Lymphomas)
Li-translocations tsa Chromosomal li phetha karolo e kholo ho kankere ea mali. Ho hakanyetsoa hore li-translocation li teng ho fihlela ho 90% ea lymphomas le tse fetang 50% tsa leukemias.
Li-translocations tse ling tse kenang likarolong tsa kankere tsa mali li kenyelletsa:
- T (8; 21) - Lekokemia e matla ea myeloblastic e nang le mmele
- T (9; 22), tseba hore ke "Philadelphia Chromosome" - Lefu la myelogenous leukemia (CML) le Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
- T (15; 17) - Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)
- T (12; 15), t (1; 12) - Lefu la mali le nang le kankere (AML)
- T (2; 5) - Anaplastic e kholo cell lymphoma
- T (8; 14) - Burkitt's lymphoma
- T (11; 14) - Mantle cell lymphoma
- T (14; 18) - Follicular lymphoma
Lentsoe le Tsoang ho
Lingaka li fumana translocations ea chromosome nakong ea ho hlahloba liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa li-biopsy. Liphuputso tse joalo hangata ha li thuse feela ho khetholla lefu lena, empa hape li thusa ho hlophisa phekolo le ho bolela esale pele liphello tsa phekolo. Ka mohlala, li-translocation tse ling, e ka 'na ea e-ba letšoao la mafu a mangata a sa amoheleng chemotherapy. Leha ho le joalo, motho ka mong o fapane, esita le batho ba babeli ba nang le translocation e tšoanang ba ka ba le liphello tse fapaneng haholo.
Lisebelisoa:
Mokhatlo oa Kankere oa Amerika. Na re tseba hore na ke eng e bakang lymphoma eo e seng ea Hodgkin? E hlalositsoe 01/22/16. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/non-hodgkinlymphoma/detailedguide/non-hodgkin-lymphoma-what-causes
National Cancer Institute. Kalafo ea Leukemia e matla ea Lymphoblastic - Health Professional Version (PDQ). E ntlafalitsoe ka 12/10/15. http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/child-all-treatment-pdq#link/_67_toc
Nambiar, M., le S. Raghavan. DNA e senya joang nakong ea ho fetisa chromosomal? Nucleic Acid Research . 2011. 39 (14): 5813-5825.