Tšoaetso ea Innate Immunity le Cell-Mediated and Humor Immunodeficiency
Lihlopha tsa White Blood le Immunification - Selelekela
Mokhoa oa rona oa ho itšireletsa mafung, kapa tšoaetso ea rona ea tšireletso ea mali, ke mokhoa o sireletsang 'mele ea rona linthong tse kotsi, likokoana-hloko tse tsoang linaheng tse ling, esita le kankere. Nakong ea pele tsamaiso ea rona ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e ne e ithutoa ho latela karolo ea eona ho thibela tšoaetso, kutloisiso ea rona e fetohile' me ea lebisa ponong e pharaletseng ea mali le marrow stem transplantation, tšelo ea mali, kankere le liphatsa tsa lefutso.
Lisele tsa rona tse tšoeu tsa mali (WBCs) ke karolo ea tsamaiso ea rona ea ' mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ' me e bapala karolo e ngata ho kankere ea mali le ea 'mongo. Ha e le hantle, lentsoe leukemia le bolela "mali a tšoeu," kaha e amana le ho fetelloa ha lisele tsa mali tse tšoeu.
Mesebetsi ea Ts'ebetso ea Immune
Sesole sa 'mele se na le mesebetsi e mene e meholo:
- Tšireletso khahlanong le likokoana-hloko tse tsoang linaheng tse ling tse kang libaktheria, livaerase, likokoana-hloko le li-fungus
- Homeostasis (setšoantšo sa 'mele) ka ho tlosoa ha lisele tse tsofetseng kapa tse shoeleng
- Tlhokomelo le ho tlosoa ha lisele tsa mutant
- Tlhophiso ka ho eketseha le ho thibela ho itšireletsa mafung
Tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e khona ho phetha mesebetsi ena haholo-holo ka bokhoni ba eona ba ho bolela phapang pakeng tsa boinotšing (karolo ea' mele) le bao e seng boithati (likokoanyana tse hlaselang joaloka likokoana-hloko, li-fungus, le likokoana-hloko, kapa li-toxin). E khetholla sena ka li-antigen, kapa liprotheine, ka seleng. Lisele tse nang le li-antigen tseo tsamaiso ea 'mele ea' mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e li bonang e le hore ba setseng ba le mong, ha sele e seng ea self-antigen e tla tlosa tšoaetso ea rona e itšireletsang, e tla arabela ka ho ngolisa, ho kenya letsoho le ho bokella lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali tse tšoeu sebakeng sa ts'oaetso.
E 'ngoe ea mathata a kankere ea kankere ke hore ba fumane litsela tsa ho ikhakanya ho shebahala joaloka ba bang.
Mefuta ea ho itšireletsa
Mefuta e 'meli ea mantlha ea ho itšireletsa mafung e na le tšoaetso ea tšoaetso ea motho ea itšireletsang. Tse ling tsa lisele tsa rōna tse tšoeu tsa mali li phetha karolo ea ho itšireletsa mafung a mangata, tse ling li fumana tšoaetso ea mafu a mangata, ha tse ling li ameha ka bobeli.
Innate Immunity
Ho itšireletsa mafung a se nang bokooa ke moeli oa pele, o sa arabeleng ka ho toba ho 'mele leha e le ofe. Re tsoaloa re e-na le tšoaetso ea tšoaetso ea tlhaho. Ho itšireletsa mafung e sa hloekang ho etsoa ka mekhoa e mene: mehato ea mechine, lithibelo tsa lik'hemik'hale, feberu le phagocytosis kapa ho ruruha.
- Lithibelo tsa mechine li kenyeletsa letlalo le likhechana tse tsamaisang melomo, nko, lifofane, lipampitšana tsa ho ntša metsi le litho tsa masapo. Ha tsena li sa tiee, li fana ka thibelo ea nama khahlanong le ho kena ha chefo le likokoana-hloko tse kotsi.
- Likhaello tsa lik'hemik'hale li akarelletsa ho ruruha, meokho, masapo, liatla tsa mala, li-muscus, le lisebelisuoa tse ling tse patehileng ke 'mele. Tsena li thibela bahlaseli ba tsoang linaheng tse ling ka ho etsa hore tikoloho e se ke ea ba tšoarela. Ka mohlala, lithibelo tsa lik'hemik'hale li ka 'na tsa etsa hore mahlaku a mangata a be a lekaneng kapa a khomarela' me kahoo a thibela sebōpeho kapa chefo e tsoang ho 'mele le ho lula ho' mele.
- Feberu e thusa 'mele ho itšireletsa khahlanong le libaktheria le likokoana-hloko tse nahanang le mocheso o feteletseng. Bahlaseli bana ba senya lintho tse etsang hore 'mele o eketse mocheso oa oona. Mefuta ena ea libōpuoa ha e khone ho mamella mocheso o phahameng ka nako e telele. (Ke ka lebaka leo ho khothalletsoang ho tlohela feberu e tlaase feela ka serame le feberu - ntle leha u sa phutholoha - kaha ke e 'ngoe ea litsela tseo' mele ea rona e loantšang maloetse ao.)
- Ho ruruha ho etsahala ha lithibelo tsa mochine le tsa lik'hemik'hale ho bahlaseli ba tsoang linaheng tse ling li hlōlehile. Karabo e potlakile haholo, empa e boetse ea phela nako e khutšoanyane haholo . Ena ke karabo e sa tobang, ke hore, ha ho hlokahale hore 'mele oa hau o pepesehe ho mohlaseli enoa pele o arabela. Ho ruruha ho qalile le ho laoloa ke phagocytic WBCs, tse kang li -polymoroneic leukocytes kapa "granulocytes" - neutrophils , monocytes , macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, le lisele tse bolaeang . Likokoana-hloko tse hlaselang li- neutrophils tse kang libaktheria le li-fungus 'me li ka siea mali bakeng sa likokoana-hloko nakong ea karabo ea ho ruruha. Basophil e qalisa ho ruruha ha likokoana-hloko tsa tikoloho, athe li-eosinophil li sireletsa 'mele khahlanong le likokoana-hloko. Lisele tse bolaeang tsa tlhaho li sebelisa lik'hemik'hale tse matla ho bolaea lisele tse nang le tšoaetso. Macrophage e sebetsa e le lisele tsa mokokotlo likarolong tse ling, ha li-monocyte li phetha karolo ea tsona maling. Hang ha macrophage e koahela basele ba tsoang linaheng lisele , e fana ka lintlha tse qaqileng ka sebōpeho sa li-lymphocyte tsa T le ho thusa ho bokella tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung.
Ho itšireletsa mafung
Ho itšireletsa mafung, ho boetse ho bitsoa ho itšireletsa mafung, ho na le karabo ea ho itšireletsa mafung ho motho ea hlaselang linaheng tse ling . Hang ha 'mele o pepesoa ke antigen e tsoang linaheng tse ling , ho itšireletsa mafung ho fumanoa kahare ebe o hopola boitsebiso boo nako e telele . Lilemo tse ngata hamorao, ha tsamaiso ea 'mele ea' mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e bona antigen e tšoanang hape, e se e lokiselitsoe 'me e ka hlasela ka potlako. Mekhoa e 'meli e ka sehloohong ea mofuta ona oa tšireletso ea mafu a mangata ke tšoaetso ea tšoaetso ea ho itšireletsa mafung le ea ho itšireletsa , e leng tse bolailoeng ke lymphocytes.
Li-lymphocyte li etsa hoo e batlang e le karolo ea boraro ea li-WBC ka 'mele ea rona. Li-lymphocyte li lisele tse nyenyane tse ka potolohang maling empa li boetse li khona ho ba teng ka mahlaseli, ha e le hantle li tsamaea ka bolokolohi 'meleng li batla mosebetsi. Likaroloana tsa li-lymphocyte ke li-lymphocyte tsa T kapa li-T-cell , (e leng karolo eo e phethang karolo ea ho itšireletsa mafung a meriana le ea bohloeki) le li-lymphocyte B kapa lisele tsa B. Li-lymphocyte tse ling li fetoha lisele tsa mali , tseo kalafo ea antigen e ka hopolang motho ea hlaselang nakong eo e tlang ho hlahella le ho hlahisa li-antibodies ho antigen e itseng.
Ho itšireletsa ha Cell-Mediated (CMI)
Ho itšireletsa mafung ho sebelisa li-T-lymphocyte e le sebetsa sa eona se ka sehloohong, le hoja ho sebelisana pakeng tsa T-lymphocyte le li-lymphocyte tsa B hangata ho etsahala. Ka mor'a hore tlhaselo e tsoang linaheng tse ling e silafatsoe ke ho phunyeha ho hoholo, e fana ka lintlha tse qaqileng ka likokoana-hloko tse holim'a likokoana-hloko tse eang ho "lymphocytes".
Mofuta o mong oa T-lymphocyte, mothusi T-cell , o tla tlisa tlhahisoleseding eo ho li-lymphocyte tse ling (e le hore ba tsebe mohlankana), lisele tse bolaeang tsa tlhaho (ba tla batla le ho bolaea sebōpeho) le li-lymphocyte tsa B ( ea qalang karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung).
Mofuta o mong oa T-lymphocyte, e leng T-cell ea cytoxic , o sebelisa mokhoa o tobileng haholo mme o bolaea lisele tseo o li nkang e se oa boithati kapa tse ka bang kotsi.
Ho itšireletsa mafung
Ho itšireletsa ha batho ka bomong ho akarelletsa tlhahiso ea li-antibodies. Li-antibodies, kapa immunoglobulins, ke liprotheine tse hlahisoang ke lisele tsa plasma tsa B-lymphocyte e le hore li amoheloe ke antigen e itseng ea linaheng tse ling. Li-antibodies li ka thibela likokoana-hloko ho kena lisele tse phelang hantle, ho fokotsa chefo ea moahloli, kapa ho senya microorganism ebe li li tlohela bakeng sa lisele tsa phagocytic tse hlaselang likokoana-hloko ho li felisa.
Ho Sebetsa Hammoho
Ho itšireletsa mafung ke mokhoa o rarahaneng o hlokang ho sebelisana pakeng tsa mekhoa eohle e sebetsang ka katleho. Phagocytic WBCs, tse kang macrophages le lisele tse bolaeang tsa tlhaho ho tloha mmele oa rona o itšireletsang, li thusa ho etsa tšoaetso ea tšoaetso ea meriana ea mokokotlo le ea ho itšoara hantle. Leha ho le joalo, tsamaiso ea rona ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e tloaelehileng e sebetsa ka nakoana feela' me e hloka tšireletso ea mmele ea rona bakeng sa tšireletso e tsitsitseng.
Lisebelisoa:
Bonilla, F. Karabo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. E maemong. E ntlafalitsoe ka 03/23/15. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-humoral-immune-response
Johnston, R. Tlhaloso e akaretsang ea tsamaiso ea immune ea innate. E maemong. E ntlafalitsoe 11/02/15. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/an-overview-of-the-innate-immune-system
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